#serious-discussion

1 messages · Page 5 of 1

pure sun
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Are you talking about for a vector space or for a K-algebra?

vivid halo
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Is it “sub-K-algebra” or “K-subalgebra”

dapper badge
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oh yeah I didn't even think about that

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mehopes I didn't spread misinformation

tender tulip
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Sub-k-agebra idk

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Idk if it’s referring to ANY algebra over K (arbitrary vector group) or like, the specific extension algebra

pure sun
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idk which one i would say naturally

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ive found sources which use each phrase

vivid halo
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I wanna say K-subalgebra is cleaner and more in line with other things like this that I write

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for algebraic groups I think pretty much everyone says Q-subgroup and not sub-Q-group

pure sun
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yeah that seemed to be the msot common that i found

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when googling

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I think I agree with you -- but also I'm imagining just like, if i'm talking quickly and informally, the phrase "K-algebra" is just so ingrained in my speech that I could see myself saying "sub K-algebra"

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like I think even when K is "understood" I would still use the phrase "K-algebra"

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but if I were being more deliberate, e.g. while writing something up I think I would write K-subalgebra

dapper badge
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I feel like what I usually do is establish what K-algebra I'm talking about and then just say a subalgebra of that

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no more reference to underlying ring

pure sun
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like "B is a subalgebra of A"

dapper badge
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yeah

pure sun
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yeah that sounds right to me as well

tender tulip
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So every subalgebra of the L algebra over the subfield K (L elements as vectors) is necessarily a unital division algebra

frail lagoon
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I've heard and like K-subg alg more personally hm

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"L algebra over K" huh

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Or do you mean like the algebra (called L) over K

tender tulip
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sorry the algebea terminology fucks with me

modest rune
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I would simply say "subalgebra" and let my reader figure it out

tender tulip
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Because often the algebra term bears more reference to the scalar field than the underlying vector group

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Algebra “over” the field
But “of” the vector space as a whole

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though arguably it’s just a special bilinear operation over the vector space group

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That “works with” the scalar field on the vector space

pure sun
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why are you so worried about the word "vector"

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i think you just dont quite understand the definitions yet

pure sun
tender tulip
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I mean, the vector space is comprised of two parts, a field and an abelian group of vectors

the a(u + v) = au + av rule resembles an endomorphism of the vector group specified by field elements.

The a(b(u)) = ab(u) rule resembles a group action on the vector group’s elements by the multiplicative group of the field

The (a + b)u = au + bu rule resembles a homomorphism from the field’s additive group to the vector group specified by vector elements

time to make the worst construction of a vector space ever

pure sun
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those are all true but that doesnt' mean that's the right way to try to conceptualize it

tender tulip
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nah it’s just for fun

pure sun
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i'm confused. i thought that you were honestly having trouble with the definition of a K-algebra

tender tulip
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no, just the specific terminology used and then going on a rant

pure sun
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but now it sounds like you're just doing it to yourself

tender tulip
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sub-K-algebra implies K-algebra is a different structure rhan a K-subalgebra

modest rune
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nothing implies anything unless you define those words

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and there is only one reasonable definition for both

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its just a matter of linguisitics

tender tulip
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math semantics momen

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i mean a K-subalgebra sounds more intuitive to me

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considering other uses of the word algebra i was wondering if it meant a different thing than what an algebra is concerning vector spaces

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e.g. sigma algebras

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makes me a bit precautious

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it’s sorta just like a semigroup over vectors with like, an absolute layercake of algebraic structure underneath of it

pure sun
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i mean, sigma algebras are algebras in the usual sense as well

tender tulip
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how so?

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I mean intersections and unions are closed and distribute over eachother, yeah

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actually no intersections are topologies, compliment closure is sigma algebra

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(along with thr countable restriction unions)

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but yeah

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like how is that an “algebra” in this sense

pure sun
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it's a Z-algebra

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actually a Z/2Z-algebra

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where + is given by symmetric difference and * is given by intersection

tender tulip
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i just remembered that intuitively compliments are an involution

pure sun
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0 is the empty set and 1 is the entire set

tender tulip
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yeah alright, fair enough

bright hill
pure sun
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sigma algebras are slightly stronger in that you can do countable operations

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(also union is slightly different from symmetric difference)

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but in any case

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you probably shouldn't think that way

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like, just think of "sigma algebras" as something different from "K-algebras"

modest rune
neat lintel
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#discussion has 2 ppl ignoring everyone and flooding the chat so i came here

pure sun
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and in anyc ase i'm not sure what you think the difference between "sub K-algebra" and "K-subalgebra" should be

bright hill
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like, to me, an algebra is just a set whose elements follow some rules

pure sun
tender tulip
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i was just making sure it didn’t mean something else

bright hill
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sigma-algebras do that too

neat lintel
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What are ppls opinions on Duodecimal?

pure sun
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you can take the lang approach too if you want

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and define an A-algebra as a ring homomorphism A --> B

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with no further commentary

tender tulip
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epic

dapper badge
modest rune
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isnt that how Dummit does it

dapper badge
tender tulip
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i was essentially gonna construct a vector space using basically two sets and using sets of functions between them and specifying morphism

modest rune
tender tulip
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commutative rings are

modest rune
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its a joke mizalign

tender tulip
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i didn’t see the whole thing

pure sun
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rings are commutative (not a joke)

dapper badge
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No love for group rings

pure sun
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group rings are just algebras

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over the underlying ring

dapper badge
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EVERY RING IS A Z-ALGEBRA

pure sun
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but not every Z-algebra is a ring

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(under my conventions that nobody else uses but which i staunchly defend nonetheless)

bright hill
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:chad:

tender tulip
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i mean you can construct a group as a set with an injection from itself to it’s symmetry set

dapper badge
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It would appear that I'm outnumbered

bright hill
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symmetry set?

pure sun
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i dont think that's a valid definition of a group

tender tulip
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Symmetry group but like pretending we don’t know what a group is yet

modest rune
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one could define a group to be a set and a symbol \cdot

bright hill
tender tulip
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right multiplication by any element in a group is an invertible transformation, aka a symmetry or set automorphism

bright hill
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stop making shit up lol

vivid halo
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this defines a group equipped with a permutation representation

modest rune
vivid halo
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oh lmfao oh no

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even worse then

leaden sage
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a symmetric magma?

tender tulip
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i completely skipped over that. The image includes the do nothing symmetry and includes inverses

modest rune
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you need to put a bunch of conditions on the image that essentially amount to stating the group axioms

tender tulip
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Yeah,

vivid halo
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okay now you're just defining a group equipped with permutation representation but in a shitty way

tender tulip
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it’s not useful as I said

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I mean it’s also just, currying so

pure sun
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there's a difference between "not useful" and "flat out wrong"

tender tulip
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The mapping from a group’s set to the set’s symmetry group is unique for the group (and it’s isomorphic groups) i thought

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*specified mapping

vivid halo
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I don't think so?

tender tulip
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It’s unique up to isomorphism. It doesn’t specify the group, but moreso the “collection” of isomorphic groups

vivid halo
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is that true?

tender tulip
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it should be unique

vivid halo
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how are you defining isomorphism here?

bright hill
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I thought symmetry group is defined for geometry objects, not sets

vivid halo
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I'm assuming you are identifying the representations up to conjugation, or up to inner automorphism of S_n?

pure sun
pure sun
tender tulip
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Fair, going the store

pure sun
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if I tell you "I'm thinking of a set G and an injective map G --> S_G" youc an't conclude that I'm thinking of a group

dense belfry
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Trying to rebuild math in your head from the ground up is an easy way to feel like shit

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Imagine people spend hundreds of years doing work for you and you're like "lol I can do it better based on vague intuitions I've picked up by listening to people talk"

tender tulip
eager trout
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BRO NO

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What the fuck is a semigroup over vectors

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It's not a thing

crystal stream
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I want to read math stuff but I don't feel like I have have the time to "consume" a whole book

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Since I have to study other things for university

tender tulip
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i mean, an algebra is a semigroup over the vectors as elements. But this doesn’t scrape the surface of the structure

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Also it’s useless and unimportant

eager trout
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Can you please define what a semigroup over the vectors is

tender tulip
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the elemenrs of the semigroup are the vectors

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addition is the binary operation

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actually no

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the symmetric bilinear form

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It’s not a semigroup

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it’s a MAGMA

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semigroup given associativity

eager trout
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wheougehioujohieghoiaegohiaeghioaeg

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Stop

tender tulip
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it’s a useless notion because magmas are very boring

eager trout
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You never defined anything

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But yes magmas are boring so stop talking about them

tender tulip
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Alright

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i mean it’s not useful in this case, but viewing the multiplicative operation of a field as a monoid is actually helpful in very specific circumstances

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e.g proving every finite integral domain is a division ring

pure sun
bright hill
eager trout
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Actually it might be kind of entertaining to see him use higher category theory terms

neat lintel
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How y'all be multi messaging in both discussions?

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Y'all's're wizards

neat lintel
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Y'all's're is my favorite conjugation

bright hill
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for me, who has to google every other term to see if it's made up/misused/abused, it's not fun lel

neat lintel
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Y'all's're= you all is are

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Or

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Y'all's're = yous (plural) all are

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Both ways are grammatically incorrect, but used where I'm from

ancient flame
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you must live in the heart of redneck ville

mint patio
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besties/moderators

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can I ask for recommendations of resources or discord servers to learn about certain things

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wait would the neuroscience server work

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I just want to learn about what makes certain kinds of medication (in a prescribed controlled setting) effective for certain disorders but not others

bright hill
mint patio
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:sadge:

bright hill
mint patio
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Well I asked 😁 and yeah I'm hoping for a layman's answer LOL

bright hill
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good luck haha

deep mango
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I feel lucky that we have the only active server

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I wonder why the others are so inactive

ancient flame
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bc everything else sucks

cold needle
#

size/the population is changing regularly/moderation that is also somewhat changing

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is my guess

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like things are always in flux more or less

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people come and go

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the regulars of 6 months ago are no longer here except perhaps a few

ancient flame
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oof

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so the dynamical donuts are working

cold needle
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Indeed

deep mango
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What is that supposed to mean

ancient flame
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no clue

compact tartan
bright hill
compact tartan
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the servers' activity strongly correlates to whether I participate in them whatcanisay

charred mortar
#

This explains a lot

bright hill
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lol

prisma hatch
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Math

open aspen
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having very active help channels for basic questions helps keeping an influx i imagine

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more specialized topics probably do not have that kind of audience

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there's several log laws questions every day here, I doubt neuroscience servers are going to get consistent basic questions

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(for example)

neat lintel
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Hey guys I'm looking for some tips to get better at math. I'm utterly horrible at it but I'm willing to try my hardest to improve. I cant even do simple Addition Subtraction Multiplication and Division in my head i think i need to get a tutor or something and start at the beginning to improve.

open aspen
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What grade are you in

neat lintel
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9

rapid trench
# neat lintel Hey guys I'm looking for some tips to get better at math. I'm utterly horrible a...

If you struggle with simple mental math you just have to practice doing it, if you use a calculator a good idea would be to stop to use it and try to do calculations yourself mentally.
Having said that, there are a few possibilities for why you're struggling with math in general:

  1. you don't know the basics, where by basics I mean all the tools you need to solve a more advanced problem. Maybe you didn't study them properly or you didn't give them the importance you should have (not necessarily your fault, sometimes teachers don't give some topics the importance they deserve and focus on other less useful ones), but in both cases you just need to go back and study the topics you feel like you're not very good at but often need to solve a problem. If you can't figure out which topics you should work on by yourself, a tutor could help you, just explain him your problem and see what he thinks.
  2. you're scared of getting things wrong or you don't want to feel "dumb", unsecure on what to do when solving a problem. In that case you should think about what mathematicians have been doing for the past centuries: working on the same problems, continuously trying different ideas to solve them, and failing most of the time. If you're not willing to take a risk (trying to solve a problem and maybe failing) you won't achieve that thing at all (solving the problem). And often trying to understand something complicated really pays off in the end (speaking from personal experience). I often see people getting "scared" when they see a problem that is longer than two lines and decide they can't solve it. With a bit of encouragement they then proceed to do it in 5 minutes.
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I'm 100% sure you're not someone stupid or subjected to a curse that makes you unable to do math, you probably have one of those two problems and you probably have another problem, which is that you hate math. I'm sure that if you take the advice I gave you you will improve at math, at least a bit, and maybe you will start liking it more. There's so much fascinating stuff you're going to discover during your journey of learning math, and not being able to appreciate would be a great pity. It's surely a lot of effort but it's really worth it. Good luck with school and your future :-)

rapid trench
wicked ore
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@hollow sundial youre graduate+?

hollow sundial
wicked ore
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So out of college?

hollow sundial
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Wait does that mean I have to pay for a subscription

wicked ore
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Grad school or just on your own

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Lol

hollow sundial
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Like apple tv +

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I got my PhD back in 2014

wicked ore
#

Oh wow nice

hollow sundial
#

Thanks. It was fun, but I'm glad I left academia

wicked ore
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Interesting

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Do you regret your PhD?

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Are you in industry now

neat lintel
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Yes and yes

hollow sundial
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Yea industry now at an 80k person company

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We don't deserve Ann

wicked ore
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So funny

dense belfry
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Honestly same

bright hill
neat lintel
arctic grove
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im gonna take a wild guess

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and say maths

odd narwhal
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such a meaningful contribution to the conversation shyshu

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thank you

arctic grove
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dont thank me, just trying to help a little

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😌

bright hill
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thank you

odd narwhal
arctic grove
#

hurts doesnt it

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smh

neat frost
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Hey shin!

lunar spear
chilly coral
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We have line integrals for integrating over curves that extend beyond just the x axis; we have surface integrals for integrating over surfaces beyond just the xy plane; does there exist volume integrals for integrating over solids that extend beyond the xyz space, like in 4d and stuff?

quasi ivy
#

If jesus died for our sins, who died for cos

lunar spear
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Leave

modest rune
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Alternatively, measure-theoretic integration also can be viewed this way

neat lintel
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sin(90-x)=cos(x)

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in degrees

chilly coral
# modest rune Im the least qualified grad student to answer this, but I think the theory of in...

I know none of those things lol. My thinking extending no further than assuming that, if the solid is parametrically described by r(u, v, w), then the volume element dV is either |(r_u x r_v) x r_w| du dv dw or |r_u x (r_v x r_w)| du dv dw, but that's only because the arc length element ds = |r'(t)| dt and the surface area element dS = |r_u x r_v| du dv, so it seems like there's a pattern, but it very well may not hold, and I could just be entirely wrong. Plus, theres the question of which form it would be even if the pattern held. I'll definitely look into what you said, but it may be too advanced for me lol

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Or hell, considering the volume of a parallelopiped is |(a x b) • c|, maybe it's |(r_u x r_v) • r_w| du dv dw

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That seems like the more likely answer, if either is right at all

golden pendant
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un is positive

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show that this series converges

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tough one

chilly coral
golden pendant
chilly coral
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#❓how-to-get-help says either #math-discussion or the specific subject chat. Even despite that though, I've seen plenty of college mathematics questions asked in the help channels

golden pendant
chilly coral
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Do you have the general section collapsed?

golden pendant
#

it reappeared

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no

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they keep disappearing and reappearing lol

chilly coral
#

I think you do if it reappeared as soon as someone messaged there

golden pendant
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Ah

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okay fuck

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thanks]

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new to discord

neat lintel
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Even Radon-Nikotym theorem is said to be a result of change of variables

chilly coral
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Mmm yes big words

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Me understand sotrue

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....(me don't understand)

neat lintel
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The change of variables will allow you to get the proper volume form of any kind of integral you want wrt to any set of variables or axes

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It works in R^n

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Stokes theorem (in this case) is there to basically show you that we can always integrate along the boundary of some n-dimensional solid

chilly coral
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Looking up the generalized stokes theorem gives me more differential forms stuff. I guess it's time to learn differential forms then

unborn trellis
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a big idea is that instead of using cross products for surface area, we can use "wedge products" which vastly generalize the idea of determinants (which give the signed volume of n-dimensional parallelograms)

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We can then get the volume of spaces by integrating what is called a "volume form" on spaces with a natural notion of orientation

river spire
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Model theory vs universal algebra?

full isle
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hodge star

vestal leaf
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hi, im 13 learning algebra 1

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any suggesions

bright locust
storm sage
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khanacademy is good :)

storm sage
vestal leaf
#

ok yea i will thank you. I already have a khan academy account so it should be easy

prime plover
#

Whats a good resorce for learning enought projective geometry to understand section 1.2 of HARTSHORNE!!

hybrid zephyr
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there is nothing crazy new you have to know to do 1.2 if you've done 1.1

frail lagoon
#

Lol

bright hill
#

I read hartshorne as hearthstone for waay too long lmao

ancient flame
ripe wasp
#

why do all mathematicians' surnames sound so badass

brittle socket
#

Grassmanian

ripe wasp
#

like things like riemann and kolmogorov

arctic grove
#

thats the german and russian names

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how badass does shukla sound to u

neat lintel
#

Cramer tho

brittle socket
#

Hi Shyshu

arctic grove
#

hey grass

neat lintel
#

Weierstrass tho

ripe wasp
#

weierstrass sounds cool

arctic grove
#

cramer isnt cool

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weierstrass is

sleek wing
#

Even better if you write it with the long s

arctic grove
sleek wing
#

Doxing time

neat lintel
#

Lmao

ripe wasp
#

galois also sounds badass

arctic grove
#

lol

#

far earlier than i would have liked

neat frost
neat lintel
fathom swallowBOT
#

The current time for Pencil/Idris is 04:13 PM (IST) on Mon, 01/08/2022.

brittle socket
sleek wing
neat frost
arctic grove
#

it was done long ago

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because im dumn

neat frost
#

I doxxed shyshu

arctic grove
#

u werent even in the server

brittle socket
arctic grove
#

or in the world when it happened for that matter

neat frost
#

I’ve been here longer than you

arctic grove
#

so shush toddler

sleek wing
#

I’ve doxed myself multiple times on this server on purpose

neat frost
#

Stchewpid

sleek wing
#

No one ever notices

neat frost
#

I’ve never doxxed myself

arctic grove
#

,ui sLuRp

neat frost
#

Because I exist only in this server

#

There’s nothing to dox

fathom swallowBOT
#
Slurp#0155 (830760441209815090)

​ Full name: Slurp#0155
​ ​ Nickname: sLuRp
​ ​ Presence: ParaInvis Offline
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46868.     Jotaro Senpai#6925
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46872.     mei#3802
46873.     Saithemaniac25#4555
arctic grove
#

u definitely joined after me

#

coz i came here in 2020

neat frost
#

Nope

#

,ui shyshu

arctic grove
fathom swallowBOT
#
Samsyet#6863 (416884645976604685)

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​ Joined at: 11:58 AM, 23/11/2020
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Created at: 09:10 AM, 24/02/2018
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22062.     Ryder#5073
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22065.     GEE9#7523
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22067.     rolka#0813
neat frost
#

See? Longer than you

neat lintel
arctic grove
#

slurp cant math

neat frost
#

?????

arctic grove
#

confirmed

sleek wing
#

We get it, you’re both no lifers

arctic grove
#

i have a life!

#

its jee

sleek wing
#

Mmm hmm

neat frost
#

I can do Mather Mathier than you shyshu

#

,ui Wew Lads Tbh

fathom swallowBOT
#
Wew Lads Tbh#0864 (233993116418441216)

​ Full name: Wew Lads Tbh#0864
​ ​ Nickname: Wew Lads Tbh
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​ ​ ​ ​ Device: Active on mobile
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​ Joined at: 02:35 PM, 14/01/2022
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65523.     yuyo#9899
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65528.     1600#2672
arctic grove
#

shut up cs guy

neat frost
#

Bro

neat lintel
#

Lol

arctic grove
#

wew u put the old status back?

sleek wing
#

I never removed it

arctic grove
#

it wasnt there yesterday

neat frost
sleek wing
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Sureee

neat frost
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No stupid

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It increments it by the size of the data type it points to

sleek wing
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It increments the memory address by 1, that is what it does

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It moves on up

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schmovin

neat frost
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No

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Because there’s an absolute measure of address

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Measured in bytes

sleek wing
#

slurp

neat frost
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Which it increments depending on the size of the datatype!

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Don’t be silly wew

sleek wing
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it is actually mind boggling how little of a shit I give

neat frost
#

OMG

sleek wing
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it’s lovecraftian in scope

neat frost
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Mind boggling because your pfp is a boggle head!!!!

sleek wing
#

TRUE

arctic grove
sleek wing
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+1 lol

arctic grove
#

i think he was online?

neat frost
#

Silly little shyshu

arctic grove
sleek wing
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Just let me address memory directly sadcat

arctic grove
#

wow

neat frost
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Omg ryc is online

sleek wing
#

Don’t do it

neat frost
#

I’m gonna do it…………………………

sleek wing
#

Lord have mercy

neat frost
#

Amen and selah

sleek wing
#

Slurp you will never guess what’s happening tomorrow...

neat frost
#

Uhhhhhhhhhh

#

Date????

sleek wing
#

Wait... he actually guessed...

neat frost
#

b is not an array!!!!!!!

#

b is a pointer

sleek wing
#

guessed wrong that is

neat frost
#

To a place on the stack!!!!

sleek wing
neat frost
#

Which the compiler does push push push push push push to!!!!!!!

#

Well it like compiles to instructions which push push push

#

Ifyaknowwhatimean

sleek wing
neat frost
#

Masters or PhD?

sleek wing
#

Masters slurp

neat frost
#

Omg Dr. Wew Lads Tbh

neat frost
sleek wing
#

I am

#

I’m in the limbo in between

neat frost
#

Dr. Wew gonna give me my cough medicine when I feel sick cowboyflonshed

sleek wing
#

But I’ve already started sadcat

neat lintel
#

Huh

neat lintel
#

You can do phd and masters simultaneously?

neat frost
arctic grove
#

depends

sleek wing
neat lintel
#

Oh

arctic grove
#

in the us thats how it is

#

in india, not at all

brittle socket
bright hill
#

Good morning chat

arctic grove
#

unless u are in an integrated phd program

#

then maybe

neat lintel
arctic grove
#

hey darq!

sleek wing
neat lintel
neat frost
#

India????

#

JEE???????

neat lintel
bright hill
#

Oh no

sleek wing
#

t. 4 year undergrad

neat frost
#

Hey shyshu did you know that the JEE exam is the hardest in the WORLD????

arctic grove
sleek wing
#

*take

arctic grove
#

not take.

#

give.

neat frost
#

Awh fuck

bright hill
#

Slurp, not again

neat frost
#

Too slow

bright hill
#

We talked about this

neat frost
#

Fine

neat lintel
#

Isn't it difficult writing masters and PhD theses at the same time

arctic grove
neat frost
#

Tho maybe if you’re ambidextrous it could be possible….

#

But what if you need to hit the e key on both documents….

neat lintel
#

Oh okay

neat frost
#

Idk pencil I don’t think this is possible

neat lintel
#

I see

sleek wing
#

Mf got those leap years

arctic grove
#

the masters period can also be just u doing quals

neat frost
#

PhDs aren’t the only thing which are longer in the US……

bright hill
#

Dumb as

neat frost
sleek wing
#

My rage

frozen merlin
neat frost
#

OKAY OKAY GOOD DARQ

neat frost
eager reef
sleek wing
neat frost
#

Too far?

frozen merlin
#

very uncouth

neat frost
#

The imagination of youth 🪄

#

Oh

#

Sure

sleek wing
#

Imagine actually paying off student loans

#

People think about student loans wrong - they’re not actually loans, it’s a tax

neat frost
#

Not if you don’t have any

#

Live in a better system my dudes

sleek wing
#

they operate identical to taxes with the exception they can stop earlier if you’re rich eno- nvm they’re exactly like taxes

arctic grove
#

if u are rich enough u might not have either!

#

😌

frozen merlin
#

you can also hypothetically pay nothing if you earn not much

neat frost
frozen merlin
#

the tax kicks only in past a certain yearly income, and after 30 years or so it's wiped

arctic grove
#

😌

neat frost
#

Yes you are

#

Who’s a good little innocent shyshy?

#

You are!

#

You are!

brittle socket
sleek wing
#

gonna side with grass on this one

arctic grove
brittle socket
neat frost
brittle socket
arctic grove
#

everyone askes everyone else to touch grass

#

grass must feel assaulted all day long

brittle socket
#

I had this username since like 5 years ago or smt

#

I don't even know why ppl say "touch grass" sully

neat lintel
#

Meme

sleek wing
#

Meme innit

arctic grove
brittle socket
#

sully Ok

ripe wasp
brittle socket
#

Ironic

#

I basically never go out of my house other than for school

neat lintel
#

Grass goes outside to touch grass

brittle socket
#

lol

lunar spear
#

I'm going to touch grass

#

this is a threat @brittle socket

brittle socket
#

Touch the grassmannian

errant ridge
prime plover
bright hill
#

(for the lazy)

#

I saw that and he looks less majestic there

#

don't judge me angerysad

arctic grove
#

i will judge u

#

for ever

#

simply because of this.

bright hill
#

look at this shit

arctic grove
#

he looks cool

bright hill
#

he looks that cool, kind uncle had two shots extra and was feeling a wee bit nostalgic

arctic grove
#

u will be judged now

bright hill
#

wholesome? yes. majestic? no.

prime plover
#

I knew his hair would be like that. It's the Fundamental theorem of Absent minded prof=messy big hair

#

strong correlation

#

I like the pic from the 70's of him, he looks like an undercover narco police or something

cosmic bone
prime plover
#

I think your hair would be more like Hartshorne's if you studied algebraic geometry than einsteins hair. Einsteins hair looks like it has had less time to develop into it's craziness. I look at Hartshorne's hair and it tells a story of decades of painstaking research trying to translate and decipher grothendiecks abstract gibberish

full isle
#

,w 3^(sqrt(e))

#

How do you compute

maiden loom
#

,w 3^(sqrt(e))

fathom swallowBOT
full isle
#

what is 3^2.78…

#

3^2 * 3^.7…

#

idk how to do 3*^.7

#

approximation i think

#

3^.7=x

#

3=x^10/7

#

bruh idk

#

squeezing

#

ig we know its less than 1

neat lintel
maiden loom
full isle
neat lintel
#

,w eulers number

full isle
#

this isnt a decimal expansion

fathom swallowBOT
#

DoubleByte

full isle
#

I dont think you know how to approximate

maiden loom
neat lintel
#

so just say $e \approx 2.71828$ plug that in you will get a answer that's approximately correct

full isle
#

lets try

fathom swallowBOT
#

Normal Zeta

full isle
#

and figure out

#

@neat lintel

#

do you know the algorithm for approximating

neat lintel
#

u just pick a few decimals for e

maiden loom
#

$e \approx 3$ (joke)

fathom swallowBOT
#

DoubleByte

full isle
#

approximately

#

no computer

neat lintel
#

now u have the 10th root of 2

maiden loom
sacred forge
#

( \approx = \approx \approx)

neat lintel
#

I belive there is a generalized long division

fathom swallowBOT
full isle
#

do you know 2^1/10

neat lintel
maiden loom
#

oh wait

#

convert .7 to binary

full isle
#

its okay

#

no need to lie

sleek wing
#

you can generalise it to any gcd domain iirc

#

no, Euclidean domain

neat lintel
#

alternatively or u can say even better u can use newtons method

#

but either way it won't be easy to calculate

#

but doable

tall badge
ionic star
#

@hollow sundial

from functools import*
@lru_cache(999)
def count(sum, a):
   if sum == 0: return 1
   if sum < 0: return 0
   r = 0
   for i in range(len(a)):
      r += count(sum - a[i], a)
   return r

print(count(444, (1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 40)))

4372429681712649626428894797334933806820678045808332541470460659877267401631692151503947657098625144835412698

#

it's two lines to add caching

#

and then it's like scary

hollow sundial
#

holy shit

ionic star
#

(that's with permutations allowed)

hollow sundial
#

10^109 wtf

#

idk what lru cache is, but what a savior

ionic star
#

like, in one path you go 2+2+... and in other you go 4+...
and now it has to do the same substantial computation to complete them, it has no idea that it's the same

#

and you can keep track of results you got and replace the computation with that result, it's called memoization, and dynamic programming is the same thing, and it's usually manual

#

and python has a utility for it, good enough

hollow sundial
tender tulip
#

is the fact that any homomorphism with a polynomial ring as it’s domain can be identified with a homomorphism from the polynomial ring’s coefficient ring as it’s domain along with the image of a single element a universal property

trim vessel
#

dm me if you play wordle

ancient flame
#

bruh

trim vessel
#

dm me if you play wordle and wanna know some better starting words

ancient flame
sleek wing
#

damn my mans got slayed

tender tulip
#

Let F be an algebraic subfield of K, then every ring (which inherits commutivity and cancellativity/integrality) that contains K and is contained in F must be a division ring (thus a field), correct?

dapper badge
#

do you mean let F be an algebraic field extension of K?

tender tulip
#

yes

dapper badge
#

Then yes, this is true

#

can you prove it?

tender tulip
#

i will try

bronze pelican
#

Here's a statement u should prove:
Let F be a field. Let R be a ring.
Any ring homomorphism F -> R is either the 0 map or injective.

#

This really gives you a sense of the rigid structure of fields

#

@tender tulip

#

What is cancellativity/integrality?

bronze pelican
#

Do you mean integral domain?

thorny grotto
#

Is anyone here good with poems I need help with 3 questions

bronze pelican
#

Ok

#

Let K/F be an algebraic extention of fields. Let R be a subring of K containing F. Then R is automatically a field. I agree. R will be a field extension of F. The way to see this is ||write R as a union of finite extensions of F obtained by adjoining finitely many elements of R to F.||

dapper badge
#

I do not understand this proof because I do not see where the extension being algebraic comes into play

bronze pelican
#

Yes you need it to be algebraic

#

Counter example: consider the transcendental extension F(x)/F. Then F[x] is a subring of F(x) which contains F but is not a field.

dapper badge
#

Yes I agree that it must be algebraic

bronze pelican
#

The way i use the algebraicity of the extension is my proof is by ||using the fact that F adjoin any finite set of elements of an algebraic extension of F is a finite extension of F.||

dapper badge
#

Yeah but ||an algebraic extension need not be finite, correct? or is that irrelevant here||

bronze pelican
#

||its okay because a union of finite extensions is still a field extension, not necessarily finite||

pure sun
#

But why is ||the field generated by a necessarily contsined in the ring R||

bronze pelican
#

||the field generated by adjoining a finite set of elements in an algebraic extension of F = the ring generated by adjoining a finite set of elements in an algebraic extension of F||

#

||there's a lemma in field theory that says F[alpha] = F(alpha) for any alpha algebraic over F||

pure sun
#

Oh

#

Yeah hahahahaha

#

Sorry idk why i was being silly

dapper badge
#

ohhh i forgor about that

pure sun
#

I think i jusr forgot about the word “algebraic”

dapper badge
#

I think my solution just ends up proving that statement

bronze pelican
#

Ah ok

dapper badge
#

Because I ||use minimal polynomial of alpha to explicitly construct inverse as a polynomial in alpha||

bronze pelican
neat lintel
#

Where do i see recently solved problem research papers?

hollow sundial
tender tulip
#

x * y = x * z <=> y = z <=> y * x = z * x

#

which you can use the fact that {0} is a prime ideal plus
x * (y - z) = 0 to show that cancellative rings are necessarily integral domains

#

But cancellativity is more general so I prefer to use it over integrality

#

anyway my work on the proof thus far

#

I’m exploiting the following fact I found: assume A is a commutative ring and B is another one, for every morphism between A and B, there is a morphism between A[X] and B for every element of B

#

assume A and B (A contained in B) are fields such that every ring between them is a field, then show that every morphism from A[X] to B has nontrivial kernel. I’ll finish this when I get home from work in ~9 hrs

odd narwhal
#

How does that help you if you're assuming what you want to prove

errant ridge
#

prove X

step 1: assume X is true

step 2: QED

wispy pike
#

When comparing the values of two functions, e.g f and g, and one wants to study which of them are larger for very large values of x, is it ok to just compare the deritative of both functions?

#

e.g e^x and x^2

leaden torrent
#

not in every case, but certainly for eventually-monotonic differentiable functions yes

#

this is l'hopital's rule

wispy pike
#

Yeah, just realized with comparing ln(x) and x

#

l'hopital?

#

My textbook hasn't mentioned it

leaden torrent
#

l'hopital's rule says that, given certain conditions (e.g. $g(x)$ being eventually nonzero, etcetc) we have for differentiable $f, g$ the identity [\lim_{x\to \infty}\frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = \lim_{x\to \infty}\frac{f'(x)}{g'(x)}]

fathom swallowBOT
#

Namington

leaden torrent
#

you comparing "which is larger for very large values" is computing the LH limit

wispy pike
#

ohh

leaden torrent
#

if f(x) is eventually "twice as large" as g(x), the limit is 2

#

if it eventually gets "arbitrarily larger", the limit is infinity

wispy pike
#

yeah

leaden torrent
#

and conversely, if g(x) is "eventually larger" than f(x), the limit is less than 1

wispy pike
#

yup!

leaden torrent
#

so you're computing the LH limit

#

and l'hopital's rule says that, in "most" cases, this is equal to the RH limit

wispy pike
#

This is very very useful, unsure why my textbook hasn't mentioned it

#

I'll try using it now and look more into it

#

Thank you Namington!

leaden torrent
#

oftentimes students use it as a "hack" for limits rather than actually learning to compute them conventionally

#

so some textbooks hold off on it until theyre confident that students know the limit rules well

wispy pike
#

I guess that makes sense

leaden torrent
#

hold on

#

i need to find the meme

#

one sec

wispy pike
#

god bless the meme community

#

I got tired of graphing and comparing two functions when calculating the limit haha

leaden torrent
wispy pike
#

the pain in his eyes

#

relatable!

bronze pelican
#

Bruh

brittle socket
#

Aw i thought an error was gonna pop up after he didn't compile for a long time

#

That would have been so good

odd narwhal
errant ridge
leaden torrent
#

see the meme

#

but also obvious stuff like sin(x)/x

errant ridge
#

Oh lmao

#

namington, teaching people math via memes since 1982

reef carbon
#

bc how do you prove sin' = cos without knowing sin(x)/x -> 1, etc.

leaden torrent
#

that's my point, yes

#

if your definition of sine is based on sin' in some way then this problem is avoidable

#

say the unique function f s.t. f^(4) = f, f(0) = 0, f'(0) = 1

#

but then demonstrating that such an f exists is the problem

#

its just no longer a limit-related problem

#

(not directly, at least)

reef carbon
#

is it

#

you need to specify f''(0) and f'''(0)

#

or to put this in more trollish terms

#

f(x) = (sin(x)+sinh(x))/2

#

behold, a sine

leaden torrent
#

bleh theres some condition that works

#

oh

#

(f')' = -f

#

i believe

#

yeah the usual phrasing is "the unique pair f, g such that f' = g, g' = -f, f(0) = 0, g(0) = 1"

#

which does specify f'' and f'''

#

of course

fresh rover
#

hi

bronze pelican
tender tulip
#

back to what I said earlier

#

so

#

I wanted to prove that for a field extension F/G (G not the trivial field) if every intermediate ring is a field, then every element in F is a root of some G polynomial

#

Every G polynomial can be viewed as an element of the polynomial ring G[X], and setting a value to the indeterminate X is the same as defining a ring homomorphism from G[X] to whatever ring you want which maps X to the specified element.

#

so, if for some polynomial p, p(a) = 0 for some a, then this is equivalent to the statement that the field homomorphism from G[X] to F that maps X to a has a nontrivial kernel

#

so, lets assume we have some extension F/G, such that every intermediate ring is a field. Let h be a homomorphism from G[X] to F with a trivial kernel

#

by the first iso theorem
G[X] / Ker(h) iso to im(h), a subring of F. Because the kernel is trivial, this states that h is a monomorphism and that the polynomial ring of G is isomorphic to some subring of F. Given G[X] contains G, this means that the image of h is an intermediate ring, and thus G[X] is a FIELD

#

assuming G[X] is a field, we know there is an element X in G[X], and thus there must be an element Y not in G such that XY = YX = 1.

#

well, if we map G[X] to G via a field monomorphism k by “setting” X to 0, then we invoke a contradiction as the field monomorphism would have nontrivial kernel. k(1_G) = 1_G[X] = k(XY) = k(X)k(Y) = 0_G[X] (contradiction due to nontrivial G)

#

… i need to read an abstract algebra book

tender tulip
#

(i wanted to avoid calling upon the definition of a polynomial and instead using the universal property of the ring and mostly just algebra)

modest rune
tender tulip
#

i did all of that proof symbolically on a paper towel with a sharpie

#

translating it to readable english was the hardest part

#

it’s mostly just first isomorphism theorem and the universal property of the poly ring

#

Essentially, it’s saying that the image of all G-polynomials after setting X to a value of F must be a ring between G and F if the morphism has trivial kernel, and thus is a field, meaning that this assumption means that the polynomial ring of G is a field itself, which is obviously wrong

#

I wonder if there is a group-theoretic analogue.

pure sun
#

So youve proven that every hom from G[x] to F has nontrivial kernel

#

How can you now conclude that every element of F is algebraic over G? You need one more line.

tender tulip
#

I’d have to clarify the connection

#

For a field extension F/G, an element, x, of F is algebraic over G if the homomorphism from G[X] to F that maps X to x and fixes G has nontrivial kernel

#

aka if there exists a G-polynomial,p, such that
p(x) = 0

#

i leave

cold needle
#

ok

brittle socket
rigid mortar
#

boosting in val for help in alg 2 trig DM !

chilly hull
rigid mortar
#

😭

wooden flax
#

whats your rank

rigid mortar
tender tulip
#

{0} = {1}

odd narwhal
#

That's.....not a field

#

Under any definition

mild nebula
#

You know what? I'll let it be a field if it wants to be

bronze pelican
#

Field with 1 element lets go

odd narwhal
#

DON'T bring up F1 because in literally every attempt at F1 it doesn't actually have 1 element

#

Godamnit yamin

mild nebula
#

The field of one element isn't a field and doesn't have one element

odd narwhal
#

Yup

#

But it acts like it is and it does

#

Well, hopefully

vivid halo
leaden torrent
#

obligatory meme

ancient flame
#

LOL

vivid halo
#

minimodding an actual mod

ancient flame
#

exactly

odd narwhal
#

Wait under which formulation does it have 2 elements

ancient flame
#

when nG sullies me

vivid halo
leaden torrent
odd narwhal
#

Hm

#

I guess I don't really know any formulations besides the one my prof posed

#

Which is very different

vivid halo
#

yeah there's roughly two approaches to F_1 geometry which are like

#

weakening structure, or strengthening structure

#

the approaches where F_1 is the multiplicative monoid {0,1} with no extra structure is an approach of the first type

ancient flame
#

or just

vivid halo
#

something like Borger's approach with lambda rings is of the second type

ancient flame
#

ignore it

leaden torrent
#

why would i ignore it when it might prove the riemann hypothesis

#

i could become a millionaire

ancient flame
#

how does it have a connection

#

unless im being trolled

vivid halo
#

the connection is like

leaden torrent
#

read the paper i linked

ancient flame
#

aaAaAAAa

leaden torrent
#

its expository

vivid halo
#

you want to mimic the proof of Riemann hypothesis for curves over finite fields

leaden torrent
#

you can handle it

#

i believe

ancient flame
#

lol

vivid halo
#

and regard Spec(Z) as a curve over F_1

ancient flame
#

oh

#

interesting

vivid halo
#

the problem is we don't have a formalism where this makes sense, or enough theorems in those formalisms to run the proof

leaden torrent
#

its not as stupid of an idea as it sounds

#

but yeah, making the formalism work is the problem

#

obviously

odd narwhal
#

It's basically taking a limit

ancient flame
#

ooo

odd narwhal
#

Except you don't know what the limit should be or if it exists

ancient flame
#

oh

#

that's almost as big of a disappointment as my first son

vivid halo
#

the main technical issue is like

leaden torrent
vivid halo
#

you need to make sense of the fiber product Spec(Z)x_Spec(F_1)Spec(Z)

#

which replaces the fiber product X x_Spec(F_1) X when X is a curve over a finite field

ancient flame
#

this is getting into "gmod doesn't understand shit" land

#

but I'll take a look at the paper

vivid halo
#

yeah I think nobody understands it haha

ancient flame
#

lmao

vivid halo
#

right now we only have like, analogies that seem to work really well

#

and good way to formalize this

ancient flame
#

oh damn

#

so I assume this is an active area of research

vivid halo
#

ehhh

#

people kinda avoid F_1 stuff since it's almost always a dead end

ancient flame
#

that's lame

#

nami can find the answer

vivid halo
#

some people work on it I guess

fervent pebble
#

i blv in nami

ancient flame
#

I see

odd narwhal
#

At least one person is currently actively working on it

ancient flame
#

lol

odd narwhal
#

I can tell you that for certain

fervent pebble
#

is it u

odd narwhal
#

No

fervent pebble
#

wow

#

L

odd narwhal
#

God no

vivid halo
#

In the last handful of years since Scholze started working on certain things we now know what Spec(Z)xSpec(F_1)Spec(Z) looks like at a prime p

#

but even someone like Scholze has like

#

absolutely no idea how to get the whole picture to work

#

a lot of really smart people have thought about this stuff and we really haven't made much progress unfortunately

ancient flame
#

rip

modest rune
#

literally just take K^{-1}(S)

#

where of course K^{-1} is the inverse algebraic K theory

ancient flame
#

you can take the inverse of an entire theory???

#

or is this a meme

#

if so im too dumb for this level of humor

maiden bear
#

Scholze is a really cool guy

#

down to earth and had a lot of patience with students who fanboyed him when we met him

fading zealot
#

Is the definition of the word “rigorous” itself rigorous?

errant ridge
#

yes? maybe?

#

sadcat this guy's tryna break math

wispy pike
#

I stumbled upon this question in my textbook, where one is supposed to identify f and g, which I've already done. My question is that in the question, they stated that one is NOT allowed to answer with "the identity".

#

I tried looking up what the word identity means

#

if I understood it correctly, does "identity" in this case mean e^{sin(x)}?

surreal sapphire
#

identity is the function h(x) = x

#

so you can choose f(x) = e^sin(x) and g(x) = x (or vice versa)

wispy pike
#

ohh!

#

Because it will always be an answer for the * operator!

#

Is identity always h(x)=x?

surreal sapphire
#

well, it doesnt need to be named h, but its the function that maps every element to itself

wispy pike
#

ahh, then it is always equal to x

surreal sapphire
#

ye, it just returns the input

wispy pike
#

Also, is it wrong to ask these types of questions in the discussion channels?

#

From what I understand about the questioning rules, typical homework questions go into the other channels

#

these aren't really homework questions

#

I think

surreal sapphire
#

this is better in a help channel

stable ginkgo
#

Hi im a hs graduate who has no clue about what jobs after a degree in cs offer so if im looking for something thats "fulfilling" as in i have to come up with creative solutions to problems on the job etc which jobs do i consider? Do software engineers and designers and app devs face these? Wb data scientists

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Im trying to find a balance between my love for the job and how it pays

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Please ping me

manic tide
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Maybe

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Data science is good I like it

stable ginkgo
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So you have work experience in it?

errant ridge
stable ginkgo
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No i forgot to mention non academia jobs

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Sorry

errant ridge
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lmao why?

stable ginkgo
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I just dont have an interest man

errant ridge
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as you learn more and more, try out different things, you'll figure it out yourself

stable ginkgo
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Yeah but i got advised i should have a job prospect in my mind beforehand

errant ridge
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that's bad advice to give to a hs graduate imo

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that's good for someone about to graduate with a undergraduate degree, but not someone who's just about to begin it

stable ginkgo
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Look im really trying to not do a masters or phd and get a good job at the end of ug

errant ridge
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you don't

stable ginkgo
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Well maybe i can take a job i dont like too much and later do higher degrees

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I just want a job at the end of ug

errant ridge
stable ginkgo
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Yeah but are there good jobs in terms of pay in ml rn?

errant ridge
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I bet

stable ginkgo
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You see im trying to pt jobs before everything

errant ridge
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pt?

stable ginkgo
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Put

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Sorry

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I need a job after ug because i have some plans later i can do higher degrees and look for a better job

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Also at the end of ug is the best time for placements yes?

errant ridge
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placements for what?

stable ginkgo
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So im asking out of all the jobs i can which one will be the best for me

stable ginkgo
stable ginkgo
errant ridge
charred mortar
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You can also apply to internships and stuff

wintry bramble
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sorry

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i misclicked something

fathom dragon
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Can anyone give me the solution of discrete mathematics by H Rosen?

surreal sapphire
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i think this is 100% valid

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there is tons of research that is more important than mathematics

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its very much a luxury

surreal sapphire
ancient flame
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thoughts on tonic water?

neat frost
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Tonic water <<<<< water << sparkling water

ancient flame
copper canopy
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is studying a 40 hours course or a 1300 pages book on Linear algebra worth it, for using it in Data Science?

deep mango
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Linear algebra is super important to data science but you may want to learn it in stages instead of devoting to a huge book

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(mit ocw has gilbert strang's lectures + problem sets which are extremely good, though i dont think that's much shorter than 40 hours)

deep mango
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MIT OCW 18.06 SC would be the google search.

copper canopy
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Thank you so much appreciate the help

deep mango
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And take a look at 3Blue1Brown's "essence of linear algebra" series on youtube for a shorter more idea-based intro to linear algebra. That wont be enough for data science purposes but it's a great place to start and make sure you're confident going into learning how the operations work.

neat frost
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3b1b is an ASMR channel

ancient flame
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yes

deep mango
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Essence of linear algebra is still a good starting point

ancient flame
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I agree

neat frost
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Just take a course

deep mango
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Well

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I think the strang ocw thing is great

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For learning like

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How to do the computations of linear algebra

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But you don't really get your hands on any of the abstract theory

neat frost
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Ryc

deep mango
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(which tbf a data scientist doesnt really need)

neat frost
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Why is it whenever you’re arguing with us about anything math related

deep mango
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3blue1brown supplements that

neat frost
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You never use the fact that you have much more experience than us

deep mango
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I'm not arguing

neat frost
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Okay

deep mango
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What?

neat frost
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But when you do

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I’m just curious

modest rune
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Its implicit

deep mango
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I'm just stating factual information

modest rune
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no one reading it is unaware of the fact that ryc is more experienced lol

deep mango
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The fact that you cannot see that

neat frost
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Well duh

deep mango
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Is further proof of the experience gap

ancient flame
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slorpy it's not that deep

modest rune
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ryc's choice to engage w you at all is more confusing

neat frost
ancient flame
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I first learned about calculus through 3b1b's series and it gave me enough motivation to formally learn it

neat frost
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I’m confused

deep mango
neat frost
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No

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This is a theoretical question ryc

deep mango
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Idk, because it's entertaining?

neat frost
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Oh

deep mango
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I just kind of go with the flow

neat frost
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Valid

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Ryc you’re such a hippie

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Omg

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You totally are

deep mango
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I don't really care to spend my time on a discord server productively

neat frost
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Silence is a form of agreement ryc

ancient flame
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????

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slurp: "wanna fuck???"
silence
slurp: "yay"
slurp: goes to jail

neat frost
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Well

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Fuck you

deep mango
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Sure

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Not like

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Massively so

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I am usually locked in a bit of a mental struggle between worrywart drill sargeant and transient hippie

bright hill
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he just started reducing shit lmfao

deep mango
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Good

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What "rules"

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It's just manipulating linear equations

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There are no rules as long as you do things that make sense mathematically

bright hill
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I meant like "pivots are always a 1, a pivotal column has a single nonzero entry in it...etc"