#book-recommendations

1 messages · Page 145 of 1

wet sentinel
#

i would say these are calculus, intro real analysis, linear algebra (proof based and maybe computational), intro abstract algebra and maybe things like discrete math (elementary number theory etc..)

trail void
#

otto bretscher

wet sentinel
#

no now is the first time i am hearing of it

#

i was using linear algebra by werner greub

trail void
trail void
wet sentinel
#

yes i do, i dont really like axler's book tbh

trail void
wet sentinel
#

but i liked it

wet sentinel
#

although i tried it a few years ago so i dont even remember any details

#

i tried it for a very short time and stopped since i didnt like it

#

there is also linear algebra by friedberg insel and spence

#

its a good book too

#

and here is a list of linear algebra books with descriptions

trail void
#

after real analysis do you recommend numerical analysis or complex?

#

or do you recommend abstract algebra and topology instead

fair fiber
#

Do abstract algebra

trail void
fair fiber
#

It doesnt matter

#

But sure

molten gulch
trail void
fair fiber
#

It dont matter

#

I recommend algebra to get a taste of something very different

mellow wren
#

algebra isn't really related to the former two at first

trail void
fair fiber
#

Honestly

#

You dont need real anak at all

mellow wren
trail void
#

amazing

fair fiber
#

Lin alg helps with mathematical maturity but its not ne essary

trail void
mellow wren
#

yes definitely

trail void
#

im assuming its only single variable?

mellow wren
#

yeah so think of it like

#

multivariable is like linear algebra + single var calculus

trail void
#

damn so me doing linear algebra before multi variable calc is basically like a huge advantage

fair fiber
#

well hmm

fair fiber
mellow wren
fair fiber
#

Crazy how some unis teach mvc before lin alg

#

Some profs need to be beaten up fr

trail void
trail void
fair fiber
trail void
#

maybe i dont enjoy most professors out there

#

but i think self studying is overall more enjoyable

gray gazelle
#

i still haven't finished a single math book front to back

#

i want to do that for knuths concrete mathematics

trail void
gray gazelle
#

i mean they wrote the whole book

trail void
#

yes but like 20% is really repetitive often

gray gazelle
#

mm maybe so

trail void
#

if its not go ahead

trail void
#

over discrete math

#

or any logic and set theory book

hidden fractal
#

Consider that most university courses only cover a portion of the assigned textbook

gray gazelle
trail void
#

lets say discrete math books or logic and set theory

hidden fractal
# trail void why is this tho

Not all of the content is equally important and it may be optimal to only cover the most salient topics on a first read, so as to not get bogged down in unimportant details

trail void
hidden fractal
#

You're not really "supposed" to do anything other than what you want to do

#

If you want to know all of the stuff in a book, you can read the whole thing

trail void
#

are you expected to

hidden fractal
gray gazelle
#

i guess i am just biased to knuth, didn't even consider other books

#

i think that it also prepares you for taocp which is something i'm interested in

trail void
#

theoreitcal cs

gray gazelle
#

i'm not sure, i don't think it requires prereqs other than like sheer determination

#

i haven't looked into it in awhile

trail void
gray gazelle
#

i think it is a difficult book so it probably helps to study proofs and other math before working through it

cursive burrow
#

algebra book i need learn algebra better

vital bane
#

I suppose you mean elementary algebra

#

I don't really know a book for that

molten gulch
vital bane
#

I think he means elementary algebra

cursive burrow
vital bane
#

Yea I realized from your name and from your about me🗿

fair fiber
#

c'est ton frère wesh

outer helm
#

annoying kid

#

manifold who agrees 😭

fair fiber
rigid trail
#

jk, honest advice would be to hop on khan academy prolly

#

or really any of the free resources on the internet

rigid trail
#

it's aight

fair fiber
#

honest advice is to just relax and enjoy life

#

because by the time he graduates college

#

it'll be 2035

#

Chatgpt 13.0 will be out

#

and will do anything he can do but better

trail void
#

in the next 8-10 years

fair fiber
fair fiber
trail void
#

now ask ai to visualize and analyze basic euclidean geometry problem

#

a one that isnt on the net

fair fiber
trail void
fair fiber
fair fiber
# trail void another ai?

alpha evolve already discovered an improvement from straasens algorithm despite humans failing after trying for 50+ years

rigid trail
trail void
#

time to head into ai research n engineering people

#

🤣

rigid trail
#

like lean/coq/other tt's

rigid trail
#

like

#

10 years is a long time

fair fiber
#

we know

rigid trail
#

i think llm's may be able to do more useful stuff by then

fair fiber
#

there are so many different methods and types of ai that are being worked on rn

rigid trail
#

current llm's are not really trained for pure math specifically, it's just picking up on it from whatever math literature it happens to come across

trail void
rigid trail
#

even still

#

gpt is not totally totally ass

#

even rn

fair fiber
#

forget got imagine the most advanced unreleased models

trail void
#

its as useful as an 11 year old

rigid trail
#

nah it's more useful than an 11 year old

#

it can find math forum posts

trail void
#

thats if youre willing to overlook its countless mistakes

fair fiber
rigid trail
#

it can find relevant material p quickly

trail void
rigid trail
trail void
rigid trail
#

to see the bullshit when it arises

#

cs majors are cooked

fair fiber
#

they're finished

rigid trail
#

i think that's an obvious enough point opencry

fair fiber
#

in 2020 i said cs majors would be cooked by late 2024 i wish i was wrong but i gotta say i told u so to all the cs majors

trail void
gray gazelle
#

i think we have barely taken advantage of the findings of cognitive scientists on optimal learning

fair fiber
#

but it's kinda wasted now

#

cuz ai will make humans near obselete

gray gazelle
#

that is a pretty awful viewpoint

#

but a shared sentiment among many i bet

fair fiber
#

awful yes
realistic yes (when it comes to knowledge)

trail void
#

get a prescription of semax and adhd meds xD

#

Sanjay Sarma @gray gazelle

#

he has a book

#

on it

gray gazelle
#

ah

trail void
#

Grasp - The Science Transforming How We Learn

#

As the head of Open Learning at MIT, renowned professor
Sanjay Sarma has a daunting job to fling open the doors of the MIT
experience for the benefit of the wider world. But if you're going to
undertake such an ambitious project, you first have to How do we learn?
What are the most effective ways of educating? And how can the science
of learning transform education to unlock our potential, as individuals
and across society?

trail void
#

planning ahead

gray gazelle
#

nooooooo 😭 😭 😭

lost arch
#

what to read on linalg after one's done FIS?

#

are there any further general courses or people take special courses after finishing FIS, like multilinear algebra etc

molten gulch
lost arch
#

i heard of Kostrikin-Manin, for example, maybe there are others alike?

lost arch
#

is that suitable for study though? i thought that was an encyclopedia or something

tender river
slim lodge
#

cgp books for year 1-10 maths

#

for problems Abacus eolve

odd mountain
#

Hi Someone use Anki

molten gulch
hybrid sparrowBOT
magic garnet
#

anyone have a textbook on real analysis (I just finished linear algebra) im pretty new to higher level math

old elk
odd mountain
trail void
# old elk

when should one read mangatiana robdera

rigid trail
trail void
#

ross and then rudin?

#

got u

rigid trail
#

Ross is nice but if you alr did abbott then I don't see a strong point

trail void
rigid trail
#

It's just hard

#

Would recommend starting with Abbott if you are new to more rigorous math

#

it's a lot more friendly

fair fiber
magic garnet
#

wait i found this tho

#

wjich i thknk is better for me

trail void
#

now i shall be quietly observing for new books..

#

👻

molten gulch
#

mecore

#

<@&268886789983436800> pirated book repo

zealous coyote
#

We cannot allow this, sorry

magic garnet
#

oh my bad

zealous coyote
#

@magic garnet Just fyi, piracy is against discord ToS so we cannot allow it on this server. Please don't ask for or post pirated resources here.

chrome wasp
magic garnet
#

ya its all tge math u missed by garrity

prisma ibex
#

dose somwon haw ri gore book fro ri gore menster?

old elk
# trail void when should one read mangatiana robdera

First Jay Cummings, then Mangatiana Robdera along with Ana Alves' book, and finally you try your hand at Sohrab.

Then move on to a more rigorous one. There are many people here who believe they have the same abilities, but that's not really the case. That's why I've been struggling on my own as a self-taught person, since I didn't learn much in my mathematics degree, unfortunately.

#

You have enough examples and solved problems to start developing your intuition.

wet sentinel
#

If baby rudin then I wouldn't really recommend doing it after Abbott

#

Like either do Abbott or rudin

#

Or some other intro analysis book

#

But doing both Abbott and rudin would be a waste of time imo

viral orchid
#

Looking for a good textbook on classical model and proof theory, ideally one that fixates on godel, tarski, and lob
Preferably, it should go up to type theory and modal logics

#

Ive been studying off a logic handbook, but ive been made aware that there are many weaknesses in my understanding

viral orchid
#

Which, ngl i loved it, but its definitely meant for people who already know logic

fair fiber
cunning elk
remote sparrow
# viral orchid Looking for a good textbook on classical model and proof theory, ideally one tha...

the conventional choices for mathematical logic books typically use hilbert systems as their proof system, which is helpful for doing metalogic, but unwieldy for deriving formulas within the system, so while you nominally see some proof and model theory in conventional introductions to mathematical logic, hilbert systems are not typically the main focus in a dedicated proof theory textbook. i haven't seen any book that covers everything you ask for, at least in real depth.

viral orchid
remote sparrow
#

they all get to godel's incompleteness theorems

viral orchid
#

well, i want a book that actually proves results about these from semantic interpretations, endertons doesnt go at nearly the depth im looking for

remote sparrow
#

never even mentioned

fair fiber
viral orchid
remote sparrow
viral orchid
#

yeah stuff like this

remote sparrow
#

is this what you're talking about?

#

i haven't seen stuff about that in any intros

#

seems specific to modal logic

viral orchid
#

yeah, its a basis for modal logics

#

but we do this in first order theories

remote sparrow
viral orchid
#

Well, im looking for a particular book well beyond the usual introductory logic books like enderton

#

Does enderton ever actually define the \models relation?

remote sparrow
viral orchid
#

Im just asking

#

Because that relation is absolutely necessary for what im aiming to learn

remote sparrow
viral orchid
viral orchid
remote sparrow
viral orchid
#

a bit sad it stops at the skolem functions

fair fiber
#

Bro i sent that ages ago

#

Did u just scroll up reading for hoursopencry

#

But ngl yes

#

Because hyouka is so ass

#

Bro was trying to clipfarm me

remote sparrow
fair fiber
remote sparrow
#

@still panther

fair fiber
remote sparrow
#

am i kicking sweet rise

rigid trail
#

:(

#

Bocchi is peak tho

twilit solstice
#

Ahh. I love you to internet potato.

#

would not have made sense to a medieval peasant.

agile spear
#

guys pls tell me someone read powerless in here bc no one ik read it and it makes me mad bc i luv it sm

vital bane
#

He did say that

remote sparrow
#

super late response but i guess i'm biased to stories with chessmaster or chessmaster-esque characters, like Overlord, The Saga of Tanya the Evil, A Practical Guide to Evil, Nebula's Civilization or The Last Sovereign (NSFW JRPG that recently left early access on Steam). besides that, i like more grounded, character-driven dramas or stories with political intrigue, like Osora, Proof of Dignity, or the The Spark in your Eyes. i try to read whatever looks good to me though, and i'm not completely against power fantasy slop.

#

quite good and probably outside of your comfort zone

#

@fair fiber

remote sparrow
worldly brook
#

this inner product -external product lingo pisses me off

#

what even is a vector projection

#

what can I read to finally learn all the "inner product", "outer product" stuff

#

I just remember that the cos between the 2 serves a good metric of distance cuz of the curse of dimensionality over high dimensional spaces

#

but this justification with inner vector product stuff seems interesting

cursive rivet
worldly brook
#

out of curiosity, is it doable to learn linalg without performing the math by hand?

cursive rivet
#

what do you mean performing by hand?

worldly brook
#

right so

cursive rivet
#

learning is an active process; you need to do things that build on and enhance your understanding

worldly brook
#

usually I would just read some linalg, then it would ask me to perform some matmul multiplications by hand

#

with is and stuff

#

I solve a few, get tired, and go do something else

cursive rivet
#

like, you can do those kinds of things only a few times and get used to them and not really have to practice them again

worldly brook
#

but doing the exercises really makes it a hassle to go through it tbh

cursive rivet
#

and there are more abstract approaches that are heavier on proofs and dodge matrix operations as much as possible (though they are fundamentally unavoidable in most modern math)

worldly brook
#

I mean why even bother doing something u can plug in a modern calculator and get out a result 😭

#

that's not really active learning, that's just mindlessly moving numbers to reach a trivial answer

cursive rivet
#

well, having to write a lot of matrix multiplication algorithms for a class was greatly aided by having an intuitive understanding of how various elements of a matrix contribute to a product

worldly brook
#

know about any good proof focused linalg book?

cursive rivet
#

FIS as stated above is a common good one

#

my personal favourite is linear algebra done wrong by treil, which is a bit easier I think

#

but more explicit with matrices than some of its peers

worldly brook
#

if I wanna do any of that, I'll figure it out then or feed it to a computer

worldly brook
vital bane
#

So don't be scared to do a few computational exercises, they're helpful

crude stump
#

Where can I study the method of exhaustion that Archimedes used?
I wish to understand it, in depth with examples

manic cairn
#

for me i find myself ping-ponging between homological algebra and vector calculus/physics, because homalg tends to work more on the abstract nonsense part of my brain, and when that gets tired, i’m willing to compute a bunch of integrals

if everything is tired, history and english

vital bane
slow roost
#

I noticed there are some really cheap paperback FIS Linear Algebra books for sale through amazon, and I wonder if they're trustworthy. $25 vs $150 from Pearson. Is this some kind of scam or counterfeit?

sage kelp
#

Sus

slow roost
#

yeah, seems too good to be true

sage kelp
#

Unless it’s a copy that is falling apart 😆

violet pollen
#

Hey, just wanted to ask for some book recommendations for getting back into math and useful math for programmers. I've been a developer for 4 years but never went to Uni. My math background is weak and I could probably improve my quality of work by also improving my math background.

From a friend that went through computer science Uni I got recommended:
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-658-05620-9

Its a German book and it seems too advanced for me. I am sure I lack a lot of fundamentals, so that's why I wrote "getting back into math". To make it worse, I have ADHD so I have trouble with extremely dry books. Maybe someone has 1 or 2 good recommendations that would help me. Much appreciated!

gray gazelle
#

can't comment on the book u sent link to

#

i don't have access to it

#

but i think u might benefit from first going through smth like Pre calculus

#

then getting into discrete math

worldly brook
gray gazelle
#

also its quite close to what he might have been doing

stray veldt
gray gazelle
#

so it would not feel

#

boring

violet pollen
lost arch
#

hey guys, does anybody have a recommendation for a statistics book after one's finished doing Ross' First Course in Probability? I'd like statistics to be treated on a similar level as that of Ross'

light shuttle
#

does anyone know how good these books are and if they aren't, any substitutes that could take their place

hybrid sigil
#

for example, here is Artin's Algebra, normally super-expensive, but this is International Edition:

#

you can see the red blurb in top-left corner "Circulation outside of the Indian subcontinent is not authorized".

#

and this is FIS that you mentioned, with the same blurb:

lost arch
molten gulch
trail void
molten gulch
#

Yes Artin's text is a text on "modern" or "abstract" algebra

hybrid sigil
#

paperback is actually a plus for me 🙂

#

I like my books more flexible and easier to carry around if needed

wary verge
#

Does anyone have any good book recommendations 🥹

cunning elk
#

you're gonna have to be a lot more specific

#

what kind of books are you looking for

wary verge
#

Pre algebra

molten gulch
wary verge
#

Thank you

#

🥹✌️

slow roost
remote sparrow
normal crystal
#

there's no guarantee they're exactly the same
you have to look into what is said about the particular book

gray gazelle
remote sparrow
#

you can check against the table of contents or the pdf sometimes

fair fiber
#

Chipperpotato

#

/j

normal crystal
#

I think a more common problem is they change the problem sets
that alone isn't necessarily an issue for self-learning unless they pile on a bunch of errors
that's the problem with the CS APP global version

normal crystal
#

idk about FIS and Sipser
but those are books that are popular enough and been out for years, so it's probably known if there are differences

surreal heart
#

does anyone know anything about Programming for Mathematicians by Seroul?

#

I'm looking to get better at programming, ideally with some theoretical backing and with as much mathematical detail as possible, so any other appropriate recommendations would also be appreciated

turbid arrow
#

@gray gazelle recommend something bruh

crude stump
#

What is a good problem book to go with euclidean geometry? Apart from evan chen

long cloak
#

Hello guys, is there any book about Permutation and Combination?

cunning elk
#

plenty

#

finding one is left as an exercise (i promise it's good practice)

long cloak
tender river
#

theres probably nothing explicitly meant for highschoolers

#

you can follow the chapters in other typical highschool math books

tender river
cunning elk
#

literally any standard introductory combinatorics text should have a chapter or two on them

#

AoPS intro to counting and probability is one example geared towards younger students

crude stump
#

I need the theory of combinatorics

lost arch
#

guys, what's the best book to learn Analysis from if my goal is to cover sequences, series, point-set topology (open, closed sets, connectivity, compactness, continuity), limits, differentiation in one and several variables, Riemann integration and integrability, multiple integrals, and some measure theory, Lebesgue integral.

i consider Tao's Analysis I, II appropriate, but i know there are many more books of the same level and with similar contents. If you know any good books, let me know, plz

#

I haven't seen multiple integrals covered in Tao's, though

tiny gulch
#

<@&268886789983436800>

tender river
lost arch
#

idk if it's just hearsay though

tender river
#

that's not been the primary reason one would not want to use rudin

split portal
#

Depending on what you know/are comfy with the other 8 chapters aren't great either.

#

A lot of the stuff you're asking for are also usually covered across several different courses which would typically use several different books/sources as well.

#

I personally like rudin, but I don't think it's that great for point set given that the whole thing is done in the context of metric spaces.

outer helm
#

yo does anyone have a good resource for topological groups?

vital bane
#

Like an introduction or...? For what purpose?

#

They're used in a lot of different places like Lie groups, Harmonic analysis etc.

#

(I say etc. but that's literally the only two places I know where they're used opencry )

hybrid sigil
pseudo hill
vital bane
pseudo hill
#

Hello, I’m a self-study type and like deep thinking. Topics:

Algebra: indices & surds, factorisation, polynomials (remainder/factor theorem, roots, Vieta), quadratics & graphs, partial fractions (simple/complex), rational functions, rational-exponential combos, binomial theorem (integer/real n), exponential & logarithmic functions, functions (domain, range, inverse, composite), parametric equations, advanced circles & tangents, sequences & series (arithmetic, geometric, convergent, binomial), summation techniques.

Trigonometry & Geometry: radians, sine/cosine/tangent, sine & cosine rules, advanced trig identities, inverse trig, multi-angle trig equations, graph transformations, coordinate geometry (lines, circles), 3D vectors (algebra, dot/cross products, unit vectors), lines & planes in 3D, angles & distances.

Calculus: differentiation (power, product, quotient, chain, implicit, logarithmic), stationary points, maxima/minima, curve sketching; integration (indefinite/definite, substitution, parts, rational-exponential, derivative recognition), areas/volumes; differential equations (first-order linear, separable).

Sequences & Series: arithmetic/geometric sequences, sums/sigma notation, binomial expansions, convergent series, Maclaurin/Taylor/binomial series, function approximations, links to differentiation/integration.

Problem Solving & Logic: proofs (algebraic, trig, sequence/series), vector proofs (perpendicularity, collinearity, angles), multi-step reasoning across topics, pattern recognition (hidden derivatives, sequence → series → approximation).

fair fiber
#

neamesis tries not to use 🗣️ emoji (challenge impossible)

pseudo hill
#

Math and money is my depression no math knowledge i have nor money

vital bane
#

Same

pseudo hill
#

Aops literally doesnt teach just makes you question

#

We must learn then question

#

We cannot question before learning

fair fiber
#

you must learn through question🗣️

split portal
#

Are you asking for books?

#

Or just describing math you like?

pseudo hill
#

Textbooks

split portal
#

Anything specific? Your list of topics is kinda broad?

pseudo hill
#

I was studying aops 3 hours lmao still at chapter one

pseudo hill
fair fiber
#

it's a steep learning curve

#

there are so many questions you should be taking hours

split portal
#

Fwiw no matter what you do, in order to learn math you need to do problems. Over time the problems get harder. The aops books are kind of intentionally trickier since they are geared more towards kids into competition math.

#

As you go further in math spending long-ish chunks of time stuck on hard problems will become more common like mq is saying lmao.

pseudo hill
#

Proof, Logic & Problem-Solving
• Algebraic & trigonometric proofs
• Sequence/series derivations
• Vector proofs (perpendicularity, collinearity, angles)
• Multi-step reasoning across algebra, calculus, & geometry
• Pattern recognition and generalisation

Calculus
• Differentiation: power, product, quotient, chain, implicit, logarithmic
• Applications: stationary points, maxima/minima, curve sketching
• Integration: substitution, by parts, rational + exponential forms, definite/indefinite
• Areas under curves & volumes of revolution
• Differential equations: first-order linear & separable

Sequences & Series
• Arithmetic & geometric progressions
• Sigma notation and summation techniques
• Convergent infinite series
• Binomial expansions
• Maclaurin & Taylor series approximations
• Links between series, differentiation, & integration

Geometry & Trigonometry
• Coordinate geometry: lines, distances, midpoints, circles
• Tangents & normals to circles
• Trig ratios, radians, sine & cosine rules
• Identities (double/triple angle, sum-to-product, etc.)
• Inverse trig functions
• Multi-angle trig equations
• 3-D geometry: vectors, dot & cross products, lines & planes, angles & distances

Functions & Graphs
• Function composition / inverses / domains & ranges
• Graph transformations (translations, reflections, stretches)
• Parametric forms of curves
• Rational-exponential and composite graphs

Algebraic Structures
• Laws of indices & surds
• Factorisation and polynomials
• Remainder & factor theorems, Vieta’s relations
• Quadratic & rational functions
• Partial fractions (simple → complex)
• Exponential & logarithmic functions
• Binomial theorem (integer & real n)

lost arch
#

what's aops though?

split portal
#

A book series

pseudo hill
pseudo hill
split portal
#

Honestly what you've listed has a lot of overlap with a typical precalc class

wicked fractal
lost arch
pseudo hill
wicked fractal
#

Sorry I didn't see all of it. Most of it is high school and there is some first year uni stuff

split portal
#

The analysis one

#

It's a 2 vol thing that probably covers more than what you want.

lost arch
split portal
#

I've only really skimmed it but I liked the bits I read

#

Yes for your prev request

lost arch
#

thanks, I'll take a look now

split portal
#

It's also free

#

Kinda weird format tho

split portal
pseudo hill
#

Some of the hardest im doing is
Trigonometry (Advanced)
• Full set of trig functions (sin, cos, tan, sec, cosec, cot)
• Complex identities & transformations
• Expressions of the form a \sin x + b \cos x → R \sin(x \pm \alpha) etc.
• Solving more complicated trig equations

Vectors
• 2D & 3D vectors: magnitudes, unit vectors, position & displacement vectors
• Scalar product applications: angles, perpendicularity, projections
• Lines & planes in 3D: intersections, parallelism

Problem-Solving & Proofs
• Multi-step questions combining algebra, calculus, trig, and vectors
• Proofs involving sequences, series, vectors, and complex numbers
• Deeper reasoning: pattern recognition, linking different areas

Calculus
• Differentiation: parametric & implicit differentiation
• Integration: advanced substitution, integration by parts, rational functions, trig relationships
• Differential equations: first-order separable, applied contexts
• Applications: tangents & normals, rates of change

Algebra & Functions (Advanced)
• Complex numbers: Cartesian & polar forms, roots, conjugates, Argand diagrams
• Advanced rational functions & partial fractions
• Logarithmic & exponential functions at higher level
• Series expansions: binomial, Maclaurin & Taylor series (more manipulations, approximations)

lost arch
pseudo hill
#

But dude maclaurin and taylor isnt easy nor highschool im self studying anyways

split portal
#

Power series junk does pop up in hs for some folks

#

It's kind of regional

#

Some places cover more math than others

#

The basics are usually not so bad for power series. But you could spend your whole life studying things related to series.

#

You could do that with a lot of topics in math.

molten gulch
#

Is there active research in the theory of infinite series still?

(Well yeah if you count like zeta functions and such) but besidrs that

split portal
split portal
molten gulch
#

Fair fair

split portal
#

I don't think I know anybody who solely studies series. You absolutely meet people who have series stuff pop up in their work in various ways.

pseudo hill
split portal
#

Well if you are comfy enough on precalc material to do problems out of a typical precalc book then there isn't really any issue with your knowledge in that dept.

#

How about calc stuff? Can you say the same for a book like stewart?

pseudo hill
#

Asking me?

split portal
#

Yeah you

pseudo hill
#

Idk never read it did AP calc a bit

split portal
#

Ah well then why not do that next?

pseudo hill
#

But then switched ciriculim

pseudo hill
#

But the overall depth learning etc didnt like it planning to go uni in uk

split portal
#

Well when you say too easy does that include everything out of a book like stewart's calculus?

signal ocean
#

i need a book that explains power series any recommendations??

split portal
#

Okay, well then you don't know as much calc as you think and you should probably just continue with it.

pseudo hill
#

Thats like uni level i think i was told many uni students use it

split portal
split portal
pseudo hill
#

So i will probably read stewart and just not now

split portal
#

If you compare any of the "main" calc books you see at most unis they all look pretty similar to stewart so idk if I'd call it a waste.

pseudo hill
#

Gotta secure a uni that teaches strong math

split portal
#

A typical path in the US for ug math looks something like calc 1-3 -> lin alg + ode -> proofs -> upper div math.

pseudo hill
split portal
#

Fair

pseudo hill
#

Are in uni doot

#

I like de moivre theory

split portal
#

Upper div is usually some flavor of two sem abstract algebra, two sem real analysis, some electives, complex analysis and probably more lin alg

pseudo hill
#

Theorm*

#

Very cool

split portal
split portal
#

If not, you can also look up the course sequence for math majors at a uni near you to see what the path you'd wanna do looks like.

#

Then you just pick books for each class.

pseudo hill
#

Uni near me only go to calc 2

#

🙁

split portal
#

That's probably not for a full math major then.

#

The community college I started at capped off the math classes it offered at lin alg and ode fwiw

pseudo hill
#

Very cool what lead to your hobby about math and understanding

#

@split portal

split portal
#

I just took a bunch of classes and really enjoyed it so I kept doing classes lmao

split portal
#

I started in cs which I knew required a bunch of math

#

Then as I finished at the cc level I decided I wanted to add math for a double major when I transferred to uni

pseudo hill
#

Ohhh very rigorous

vital bane
fair fiber
vital bane
#

I need to learn linear algebra in 4 days bleakkekw

rigid trail
#

Linalg is not too hard to catch up on

surreal heart
split portal
#

That's probably pretty nice

fair fiber
surreal heart
split portal
#

Ah I thought you meant ode and la were still mandatory after proofs

#

Not doing la somewhere in ug math is not great

#

Ah hmm

#

I might still be misreading

fair fiber
#

but 70-30 split

vital bane
fair fiber
#

and then there's no proper real anal so students jump into measure theory and get wrecked

vital bane
#

Best undergraduate program in Sweden be like

surreal heart
vital bane
fair fiber
#

it's nothing like india

#

unless they take a gifted or accelerated program in hs they don't learn 20% of what you see in JEE

fair fiber
vital bane
keen apex
#

Uhh

#

Hi

#

I live in the asian subcontinent

#

And i want to learn the fundamental theorem of arithmetic in a highschool level

high fjord
#

You mean that theorem about unique decomposition to primes?

#

Its very simple

#

Any basic numebr theory textbook will have that

prisma lark
#

Hi
I need recommendations for intro group theory books

#

i can see rose, rotman, and pinter from some looking around

#

for context i've done the first 6 chapters of LADR and i really liked the style of the book

#

ik the premise of the book is not something i am going to find in groups but

#

just to give you an idea of what i like I guess

shut geode
#

gallian is the standard recommendation

keen apex
molten gulch
keen apex
#

Ive seen some interesting videos on this topic and i wanted to learn more about it

vital bane
#

Maybe try Burton's number theory book?

tender river
keen apex
vital bane
#

I suppose

keen apex
molten gulch
#

Ireland and rosen is good

vital bane
vital bane
#

Or do you mean this one?

#

I don't think Ireland was involved in writing this though

molten gulch
#

I do mean classical intro to modern nt

vital bane
#

Bro is recommending an algebraic NT book to a high school student with no prior experience with either algebra or NT

#

🗿

vital bane
#

Bro is gender neutral bro

molten gulch
molten gulch
#

This is fine usually

mortal ore
#

Yall is a banger

vital bane
#

Youse

cunning elk
hybrid sigil
# prisma lark Hi I need recommendations for intro group theory books

I use Pinter as an easy but fun book (it’s a cheap Dover paperback and really good: has plenty of exercises grouped in topics and conversational style), and also Herstein’s “Topics in Algebra” for something deeper, quaint and more old-school (it also has great exercises!). I also like Gallian (it’s more like a relatively easy, pretty, modern textbook with pictures, historical asides and many calculation exercises) and Dummit and Foote for its encyclopaedic coverage and still readable prose. If you like practice-based books where you need to prove a lot of intermediate theorems as exercises and work hard then Clark is another nice Dover edition which is cheap, short and sweet, but covers a lot of ground

#

I am also tempted by Artin’s Algebra, you may like it coming from LADR perspective, because it uses many examples from Linear Algebra. Also there is an MIT course which Artin himself teaches, it has homework exercises and reading assignments based on this book, which is handy if you are self-studying.

fair fiber
#

i think you'll see it more when you study fields or ring theory

hybrid sigil
#

I think he said that just to show which style of books he enjoys

#

Not because he thinks that LADR is important for studying group theory

remote sparrow
#

big thumbs up to pinter for beginners

#

a similarly elementary book is judson, which is free online, but leaves fewer important results as exercises

molten gulch
#

I forget, how much does artin use actions? I know it introduces them relatively early as it should, but how much does it use them after

remote sparrow
#

fk

#

meant to ping mods

remote sparrow
#

ah he calls them "group operations"

#

they're given a definition on page 176

hybrid sigil
#

What are the benefits of using group actions? Do they provide a nice framework for presenting or explaining some other material?

fair fiber
#

Which is one of many ways of proving sylow theorem

#

it also leads to cayley theorem

#

so it in general creates very useful tools to do important things like classify groups

hybrid sigil
#

Pinter is also not big on group actions and orbit stabiliser theorem, he relegated them fully to exercises:

#

I liked explanation of group actions in Dummit and Foote

fluid violet
#

😭

#

I have recently developed a love for group actions

#

Helped me understand Yoneda

cursive rivet
hybrid sigil
cursive rivet
#

so to apply group theory to any other subject, the way you do it is you find some group lurking about acting on the things you care about

#

(typically acting in a way that is compatible with whatever structure you have)

#

this is analogous to how you prove Sylow theorems or use orbit-stabilizer to classify things in finite group theory, there are lots of natural actions of finite groups on themselves/on objects related to them

#

so you notice such an action and then you use it to guide how to think about your objects and decompose them (e.g. into orbits)

remote sparrow
#

In the mathematical field of representation theory, group representations describe abstract groups in terms of bijective linear transformations of a vector space to itself (i.e. vector space automorphisms); in particular, they can be used to represent group elements as invertible matrices so that the group operation can be represented by matrix ...

#

Representation theory is a branch of mathematics that studies abstract algebraic structures by representing their elements as linear transformations of vector spaces, and studies modules over these abstract algebraic structures. In essence, a representation makes an abstract algebraic object more concrete by describing its elements by matrices a...

cursive rivet
#

so like, representation theory is literally the study of group actions on vector spaces, Lie theory is used in geometry by finding Lie groups (or algebraic groups in the algebraic setting) or Lie algebras acting on your spaces, harmonic analysis is primarily about topological groups acting on spaces, and so on

#

Galois theory is about actions of the Galois group on roots of polynomials

hybrid sigil
#

Thanks! Sounds exciting 🙂 I have to get deeper in my algebra studies (preferably in combination with some other field) to really appreciate that interplay though

#

Do group actions play an important role in algebraic number theory as well?

cursive rivet
#

yeah, through the Galois theory thing I mentioned at the very least, though I know very little number theory

#

Galois theory being the starting point of algebraic number theory

hybrid sigil
#

Cool. That’s my current program, i.e. the driving force behind my studies: to get to Galois theory and Algebraic Number Theory

#

Representation theory also sounds interesting but for that I’ll need more linear algebra I guess

cursive rivet
#

if you have taken a class/gone through a book in abstract linear algebra, you probably have enough to start out and learn as you go

#

e.g. at the level of Axler or FIS or Treil or Hoffman-Kunze or ...

hybrid sigil
#

Yeah, I’ve got Axler and Halmos

#

And Strang too, but I don’t really like computational stuff 🙂

azure depot
#

is anyone down to study lees smooth manifold together? I already went through the integration on surfaces in Rn part in zorich

azure depot
tiny gulch
gray gazelle
#

You guys should read harry potter

cunning elk
#

and the principles of mathematical analysis

fair fiber
#

If u can read harry potter u can read pma🗣️

echo dirge
#

Does anyone have recommendations for books or resources to help me get better at this style of equational reasoning proofs? The resources offered by the professor are quite limited

velvet flax
#

i have a feeling that "introduction to mechanics and symmetry" is not an introduction to mechanics

molten gulch
old elk
molten gulch
#

-James

echo dirge
hasty sluice
echo dirge
#

that screenshots from like 5 yrs ago during covid lol

#

just wanted to know if anyone had good ones to use I've been using "a logical approach to discrete math" rn

#

mixed with the fact I kinda suck at it tbh

echo dirge
fluid violet
# tiny gulch How

Well like it was thinking about how it generalizes Cayley. This isn't a novel view at all, and I don't think it particularly is a good pov on Yoneda, but it helped me because it came to me when I was thinking about group actions so I was able to think about it myself.

Left Group actions are just functors G->Set, and the Hom functor is the G action on G corresponding to left multiplication. Natural transformations between functors G->Set correspond to morphisms of G sets, and so you can state Yoneda for functors G->Set algebraically.

tiny gulch
#

It says that the regular representation is a free G-set

#

Specifically, the free set on one generator

#

You can generalise this observation using coends

zinc dove
#

hi do any of you know any good books to study advanced math for year 11 HSC

#

my plan is to learn everything over the summer holidays

#

i’m in the southern hemisphere

trail void
zinc dove
#

when winter starts for you

#

december

neon bramble
#

Any good channel (youtube) for game theory? (If there is a specific playlist then even better )

zinc dove
#

it’s always just the opposite

#

so when autumn starts for you it’s spring here

#

march to may is autumn

#

june to august is winter

#

september to november is spring

#

they draw santa in speedos and everyone goes to the beach during christmas here

zinc dove
#

is it meant to be that much

#

is this how much people pay for textbooks

remote sparrow
#

i'm sure you can find a used copy that's sold at a much more affordable price though, or you can get it printed somehow

trail void
#

if U wanna buy 😭

remote sparrow
pulsar veldt
lean pagoda
pulsar veldt
#

Btw, I don't believe that overly rigorous textbooks are the best option for those starting to learn mathematics; they should focus on the didactic and learning.

pulsar veldt
#

Anyway you can always find great stuff for free

molten gulch
#

<@&268886789983436800> advertising distribution of pirated resources

real marsh
#

Hey so unfortunately we can't allow people to use this server as a platform to enable the distribution of pirated resources due to discord ToS @pseudo hill

molten gulch
# zinc dove you’re evil

How so? Any pirated resources on this server at all could mean discord makes an example of this place and shuts it down, according to mods it's happened before

fallow cypress
#

Solution is we move off Discord to a random IRC server awOOKEN

remote knoll
# zinc dove you’re evil

Don't discourage mod pinging. If the mod ping is inappropriate we'll say so.

My personal stance is that pirating textbooks is good, actually. But the stance we have to enforce on this server is that it is not allowed. Because if we don't the server could be shut down or forcibly removed from the current mods and owner.

gray gazelle
#

Lmao what the , forcibly removed from the current mods and owner?

#

Who takes control of it

#

If that happens

hushed gazelle
#

Has anyone happened to read Fomenko's Homotopic Topology book? I'm an undergrad and wondering what background I should read if I'm interested in the subject

sacred goblet
#

Harry Potter is goodcatthumbsup

molten gulch
pulsar veldt
trail void
#

how do yk its pirated

#

Like posting a pdf cannot be piracy, right? maybe sending to a link?

mellow wren
#

This is probably a subtle point but I think it's likely to be deleted unless it can be verified as non pirated

#

Like the issue is that discord can't say plausible deniability for hosting pirated shit on their website because they can get sued lol

ashen flax
#

its probably best to assume that if it Could be considered pirated it is to be considered so

mellow wren
#

There's some shit about this in the DMCA probably but I'm not too familiar with copyright law

trail void
#

im gonna go find discord tos rule on it and find loops around it so they cant ban me lol

molten gulch
trail void
#

i dont mean im gonna do it

hushed vector
#

Preferably in haskell or rust

trail void
hushed vector
hushed vector
#

[because i like haskell and think imperative programming should not be encouraged]

hushed vector
#

and idk that much about its encryption sheme holothink

trail void
hushed vector
#

signal doesn't exactly have the convenience of discord lol

trail void
#

pretty much yes

#

but discord has pretty much turned against its userbase

molten gulch
#

The harder it is to set up, the better

hushed vector
#

i tried to set up wireguard on my droplet for THREE days 😭

and because i don't know networking, i couldn't debug what went wrong 😭

#

(specifically DNS didn't go thru)

#

so i just gave up 😭

fallow cypress
#

The copyright holder has the exclusive right to distribute, reproduce, etc. the material

fluid violet
#

I don't know what probability has to do with anything here but go off

#

I only share cdfs anyway

bright epoch
#

does anyone know of a really good graduate level text on monte carlo methods

hushed vector
fair fiber
fallow cypress
#

Yeah but the copyright holder decides the license

molten gulch
#

The copyright holder is commonly the publisher as many authors give away their rights to the publisher during the publishing process and the publisher will almost always pick the most restrictive terms possible as that's the most profitable to them

heady ember
#

Self publishing ftw catking

remote knoll
#

The important thing is that the mod team makes a good faith effort

glacial haven
#

Does anyone have a pdf on like all of algebra? Like basic equations to abstract algebra

molten gulch
glacial haven
#

yeah it's a specific request lol. I'll check those out though ty

violet shuttle
#

try reading literally all of the arxiv?

glacial haven
#

I honestly wouldn’t have asked if I knew what that was

jolly dawn
#

Marcel Berger's influential text "Geometry Revealed - A Jacob's ladder to modern higher geometry" seems very interesting as a survey in classical geometrical problems. I've looked through the book but idk what the prereqs are... any help would be appreciated 🙂

hybrid sigil
# jolly dawn Marcel Berger's influential text "Geometry Revealed - A Jacob's ladder to modern...

Danny Yee was also quite excited about it and put it n his “best books” section, here is the review: https://dannyreviews.com/h/Geometry_Revealed.html

clever cypress
#

any beginner friendly book recommendations for mathematical induction or number theory?

tepid phoenix
#

Can anyone recommend me any mathematics books on equation based

#

I am in 9th grade

#

I want learn the physics and qm equations

pure grove
#

wa hell nah

pure grove
#

just look up study resources aand/or videos thats what i do and it works for me

pure grove
#

if you can find lectures from very good professors its best

violet shuttle
#

I mean, I know that people often say they can't learn so well from textbooks, and I believe them. But I have no clue what their problem is. To me... it's just... read??

lean badge
#

how do people learn from videos!

cunning elk
#

expect the knowledge to passively enter them via osmosis sotrue

fair fiber
cunning elk
#

me

#

teach

#

?

#

😭

#

i just flubbed an interview last week where i was supposed to do that

hybrid sigil
#

Mathematical induction proves that we can climb as high as we like on a ladder, by proving that we can climb onto the bottom rung (the basis) and that from each rung we can climb up to the next one (the step).

#

This quote from “Concrete Mathematics” summarises it quite well, and I always keep this in mind when thinking about mathematical induction

pastel lodge
#

Is there a book on how to write logix and arguments as math?

gray gazelle
#

what proof/logic books

#

do

fading bough
#

I need a good book for 3rd year electrical engineering with lots of equations

gray gazelle
molten gulch
molten gulch
worn prism
#

The link for the abstract algebra book does not work

molten gulch
worn prism
tepid phoenix
molten gulch
trail void
#

theyre usually so nice

remote sparrow
#

<@&268886789983436800>

worn prism
worn prism
#

Not everyone is good at reading

sterile gyro
#

If you actively engage

pastel lodge
molten gulch
pastel lodge
#

The very basics of both

#

I was searching for a book that explains how you write logical arguments in math slang

#

Just for fun

pastel lodge
#

How to prove the argument right or wrong

molten gulch
#

How to Prove it by Velleman

worn prism
#

lol

warm sigil
#

🐧

whole karma
worn prism
#

Why aren’t there books for bilingual people

#

Have some parts in one language and other parts in another

pastel lodge
hushed vector
worn prism
hushed vector
lean badge
worn prism
worn prism
timber mountain
#

can someone find me a book for beginners at linear algebra

clever cypress
molten gulch
timber mountain
#

thank

gray gazelle
#

not axler

silk dew
#

book

vital bane
#

FIS >>

gray gazelle
daring wolf
snow shuttle
#

w

fair fiber
austere cloak
#

I recommend a good book I read recently, it's called: " Out of the Dust " ! It was written by: Karen Hesse.. -Ford

austere cloak
#

In the 1930s -Ford

fair fiber
#

No math? Hell no

austere cloak
#

Oh.. I apologize. -Ford

fair fiber
fair fiber
austere cloak
#

We are an System, I am signing off as my alter signoff. -Ford

fair fiber
austere cloak
#

A " System " is someone with DiD ( Dissociative identity Disorder ) -Ford

#

An " Alter " is an separate identity that the " Host " has. -Ford

#

DiD is what used to be called multiple personalities -Ford *

fair fiber
#

I see

#

Cool

austere cloak
#

I am an Alter based off of " Stanford Pines " from Gravity Falls -Ford

fair fiber
#

Are you the no 1 alter

#

Who is rank no 1

austere cloak
#

What does this mean and also I don't think it works like that. -Ford

austere cloak
molten gulch
#

👀 another system :o

austere cloak
#

Yes! -Ford

#

Hello 🙂 -Ford

molten gulch
trail void
#

to translate works properly and distribute them

#

or atleast allow private companies to do it for you instead

broken badger
#

I liked arithmetic by paul lockhart

cerulean sigil
#

What advanced undergrad/beginner grad level books would ya'll recommend for math stats? Maybe from a more pure-oriented angle.

fair fiber
#

a concise introduction to mathematical statistics

cerulean sigil
velvet flax
#

is the eguchi-gilkey-hanson review a good-enough coverage of diff geo for physics

#

(if it helps, i only need enough to comfortable get through "intro to mechanics and symmetry" by marsden+ratiu

naive lava
#

Although i don't think it has symplectic geometry which is what you want for mechanics

#

Maybe for that you can check our Arnolds appendicies

#

Okay i checked the book out

#

İt seems like it covers much of the math prerequisites there too

#

And i don't know your end goal but if it's just classical mechanics, bundles, connections, characteristics classes are a massive overkill

keen canopy
#

hi, any recommendation for numerical analysis ?

#

who gives intuition on ideas

cunning elk
#

not ascher/greif

#

suffering through that rn

shell marsh
#

does someone have this book

primal pike
#

Elemantary algebra by HS Hall and SR Knight

#

and also Higher algebra by Hall and Knight

gray gazelle
#

using it right now

keen canopy
native cradle
#

is real analysis via seqeunces and series a good read?

native cradle
open niche
#

Any books for pre-uni?

near jewel
#

What level are you at? In other words, what are you learning at school?

open niche
near jewel
#

If you're familiar with algebra (solving multiple equations), trigonometry, limits, derivate (the relations between the derivates and original function), then I think you could actually just dive into calculus.

near jewel
open niche
#

Would have been 3rd but got nerfed by my health

near jewel
open niche
open niche
near jewel
near jewel
open niche
open niche
trail void
#

goated book

lost arch
#

is there a book that contains only the results of linear algebra (with proofs)?
not a study book, but more like an encyclopedia?

molten gulch
#

which is just 2000 pages of results

#

oh wait but it doesn't have many proofs

#

just facts

lost arch
#

it's fine

#

thank you!

fair fiber
#

is there a good mathematical stats book ?

#

introductory, not requiring measure theory but not too applied either and one that nicely lays out definitions and structure

#

i've covered most of the first 4 chaps in Evans Rosenthal

languid lotus
#

For the Putnam and beyond book is there any pre requisites expected? If so what? Im taking linear algebra and took an ode class just curious if I should know more

gray oracle
gray oracle
molten gulch
gray oracle
molten gulch
#

That page hasn't been updated in a while to my knowledge

gray oracle
#

yeah 2022

gray oracle
shrewd dawn
#

Does anyone have book recommendations

gray oracle
molten gulch
hybrid sparrowBOT
shrewd dawn
gray oracle
shrewd dawn
gray oracle
shrewd dawn
#

Tf are these responses gng

gray oracle
#

idk read james joyce

#

finnegans wake

#

ulysses

shrewd dawn
#

Like tf does it mean by “just ask your question” ? Ts is actually trying to rage bait

gray oracle
shrewd dawn
#

I mean how can a bot try to rage bait

shrewd dawn
#

😂😭😇

#

Nah bot was trying to rage bait fr

gray oracle
#

i gave you book recs lol

#

try reading them

shrewd dawn
#

I saw

#

I’m looking them up 👀

molten gulch
remote sparrow
#

i guess bickel and doksum too

sharp nest
#

Hello

#

Here for some books recommendations

#

For stats and calculate and linear algebra

#

Calculas*

native cradle
#

LADR4e for LA

#

Spivak for calc

sharp nest
#

Well for newbies

pale geode
#

I need a free material, not necessarily a book, to introduce me into Answer Set Programming.

vital bane
lean badge
#

@gray gazelle
im not veryyy into art history—i study literature! but a few titles come up about fashion, literature and music

Quentin Bell's On Human Finery—not quite a chronological account, but i think it provides interesting cultural and sociological perspectives on dress as art and a social language; i think it makes for a good companion to more historical surveys like Laver's Costume and Fashion

The Norton Anthology to World Literature is a more canonical text covering a very vast time period (past 2000 years iirc), with pretty good intros to literary movements within their time (cultural, philosophical influences)
The Western Canon by Harold Bloom is much more controversial: he argues against feminist literary criticism, semiotics, Lacanian psychoanalysis and deconstruction (all of which i love!)—exclusions are quite telling, but i think it's a good exposition for aesthetics in lit
The Romantic Agony by Mario Praz—amazing analysis of erotic sensibility!!! this is very focused on the late 18th to 19th centuries, but i think more broadly it's quite incisive in how Romanticism influenced modernism

Music and Cultural Theory by John Shepard and Peter Wicke—it examines cultural musicology from ethnomusicology, neuroscience, structuralist theories and some semiotics, aiming to integrate musicology with cultural theory (as the name suggests) by showing how each informs the other. i think this is a great theoretical map of how to think about music as a cultural system if you're looking to make connections between disciplines
The Cultural Study of Music—ethnomusicology, a bit more academic, but it covers how music interacts w society, tech, ideology and culture! (actually i think this is less dense than Music and Cultural Theory)

gray gazelle
gray gazelle
brazen grove
#

i am unable to choosethe right linear algebra book.... i considered linear algebra done right VS hoffman and kunze... can someone help please ??... i kinda of know the computational linear algebra in my physics courses as in how to work with matrices with numbers and i have intuition of linear transformation from 3b1b vids.... but what i lack is proof based approach that connects the general properties of linearity in various things i study in physics like linear differential equations, linear operators, and complex number treated as vector space element rather than a field, etc... i will also be learning complex analysis and multivariable analysis after linear algebra.. so something that helps that too...

hybrid sigil
#

you don't have to read a perfect book, a good book should be enough (and very likely there is no single perfect book)

#

then, if you like it, keep reading it. If not, start considering Hoffman and Kunze, read a chapter or two. How is that as an algorithm? 🙂

brazen grove
hybrid sigil
#

I think it's better to start reading some books and then eventually make your own mind about which ones you like and which you don't (and what is a gem and what is rubbish) - rather than agonise too long over which book to choose. LADR and H&K are both good books, recommended by many people, and your own considerations too, so you can't go wrong with them. There is also FIS and Linear Algebra Done Wrong (also free) if you want more...

near jewel
trail hemlock
remote sparrow
trail hemlock
lean badge
#

(im not familiar w art history in a general sense ahaha)

trail hemlock
#

but with readings out of gardners

remote sparrow
trail hemlock
#

yeah that’s what those are

#

smarthistory makes the khan academy vids

remote sparrow
#

i had no idea

shrewd dawn
wind oasis
#

Bro, everyone should read 'Infinite Powers' - this book is responsilbe for making me LOVE calculus

trail hemlock
gray oracle
#

it's more of a history book than something that teaches you calculus

languid lotus
#

Any book recommendations for the Putnam test or other math competition

gray oracle
trail void
#

also arent they supplementary

#

rather than primary for learning

gray oracle