#help-0
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np
have a nice day
you too
or night
@karmic vortex .close after you finish btw
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hello again guys
So how am i meant to find out what these family of vectors are?
I didnt understand what a generating/spanning family is
and what the method of finding it for something is
Im also confused about the formating of the question
take 3 for example
usually i get vectors like this
Not a family
@gilded quarry Has your question been resolved?
Can you explain the notation $\bR_2[X]$? Meaning, can you give a description of what vector space this is?
daveamayombo
and a vector space is a set defined over a field that satisfies certain axioms
i cant really understand what that actually means though
See, to my eyes, it looks like it must be some weird notation for the set of all polynomials of degree two or less. I.e. polynomials of the form aX^2+bX+c, where a,b,c are real numbers. That set is a 3-dimensional vector space over the real numbers.
Hmm. Then I'm not sure what the question is asking either, sorry!
alright thanks for the help :)
hi again
if that's the case, your friend is pranking you then
well yeah R_2[X] represents the polynomials of degree two or less
do you understand why it is a vector space ? like what are some operations you can define on polynomials ?
uh, check this out #โhow-to-get-help @magic plank
Omg ok Do I have to go to another channel ?
I mean
I'm too lazy to do so
Yeah it's one channel one person here
? dont get help then lmao
Omg ur too cute saying that idk why
U guys are cuties, continue with ur question please ๐
Sounds good
Can you explain your though process behind it a little bit ?
i was just confused about the notation in the question
because im used to the format
like 3 vectors
u v w
and here it was a family of vectors
instead of 3 direct vectors
so i made up 3 vectors that could be in the family
I mean, it just means here's this three vectors
and then i just followed the process to check if its dependant / independent
usually the questions are like this
There's no real difference
Yeah okok
Also good idea of using R^3 from the start if you're confused by polynomials
Secretly all finite dimensional vector spaces are like some R^n anyway so that's all good
And yeah they're independent indeed
so you said you weren't that familiar for what it means for some vectors to be "spanning" right ?
@gilded quarry
yup
i know the definition
it means that a family of vectors in a vector space
whos linear combinarions can generate all other vectors
in that vector space
so here the family is (1, X+1, X^2)
and its asking us if that family can generate all vectors
in R2
by linear combination
yeah that's the general idea
this is a little thing i made here
ok
well now what's remaining to show is that any vector can be written in the form (gamma, beta, alpha+beta)
so thats where my next question is
what do they mean by any vector
any vector in R2?
if I tell you some vector x=(a,b,c), can you give me some alpha, beta, gamma, such that alpha*u+beta*v+gamma*w=x ?
that's what's meant by any vector
or in a more formulaic manner $$\forall x \in\mathbb{R}_2[X], \exists \alpha, \beta, \gamma \in \mathbb R, x=\alpha u+\beta v+\gamma w$$
aPlatypus
what do you mean by that ?
btw I'm restarting my pc it's freaking slow
brb
yeah np
I mean actually checking if a family of vectors is free or spanning uses almost the same process
For checking if it's free, you set the linear combination to 0 and you want to see whether the coefficients are 0
Let me finish
alright
For checking if it's generating, you take some vector (a,b,c), you set the linear combination equal to (a,b,c) (that gives you a system of equations just like before) and you want to check if this system has a solution
I.e. are you able to find alpha beta and gamma as a function of a,b,c
Do you get how you can derive this method from the definition of spanning I wrote earlier ?
yes
I mean actually this is true (cause we know R2[X] has dimension 3) but I'm trying to make you think through the definitions a little bit
Can you try and use that method now ?
im sure that
alphau+betav+gamma*w=x
this is correct
as in
its possible
so it is spannin
yeah sure
well I just thought of it like
the first position in vector is gamma*1
so gamma = x
same for second position its just beta = x
and for third its alpha = x - beta
uh x is a vector as we wrote it right ?
Gamma = x makes no sense to write
They're not even the same type of object
Like if I told you 2 = ABC (ABC being a triangle), you'd probably ask me what drugs I'm on rn
Here it's a bit more subtle but it's the same idea
Yeah x1 x2 x3 that's a better start
You could probably think about it on paper
(Or like paint if you want)
So alpha = x3-x2 then
yup
So yeah how can you interpret this solution ?
If I give you a vector x=(x1,x2,x3), can you now give me a linear combination of u,v,w which equals x ?
I mean we just solved for the coefficients in the linear combination
That's what's the alpha beta and gamma are
oh okay
I mean we could just check our solution works if you want
So we just showed we can write any vector as a combination of u,v,w
That means we won
Or at least we can answer the question now
@gilded quarry
the answer is A
It is it is
Yeah it's spanning indeed
Btw I want to show you something nice before we end that convo
It's going to link what we did yesterday to what we did just now
So yeah I'm going to define a linear transformation for you
It's a transformation f, from R^3 to R_2[X]
As input it takes a vector (a,b,c) from R^3
And it outputs you au+bv+cw
So it takes some scalars, and outputs you a linear combination of u v and w
You ok with that ?
It just means polynomials of degree 2 or less
It's a vector space with dimension 3 though, so it looks like R^3 in some sense
Anyway, the idea now is, can you link the fact that u,v,w is free/spanning to facts on the linear transformation I got you there ?
oh alright
so the power is the dimension
of the space
and the small number is the degree
what does it represent?
It's means I consider the polynomials with variable X
ah alright
That question still stands
oh yeah
well i think its spanning because
you can create any vector x
in the subapce
by linear combination
with scalars
Yeah, does this say something about f ?
The transformation
I mean f is a function not a family of vectors
I'll spell the connection more clearly
If u,v,w are spanning that means that for any p in R2[X], I can find a,b,c such that au+bv+cw = p
yeah I'm just restating it
If I rewrite that using the transformation f
"If u,v,w are spanning, that means that for any p in R2[X], I can find a,b,c such that f(a,b,c) = p"
yeah
but that clearly tells you something about the transformation we just defined
"for any output, I can get an input such that f(input) = output"
does that ring any bells?
@gilded quarry
@gilded quarry Has your question been resolved?
oh alright and yes it does
it sounds just like the definition
for a spannign function
I guess you mean surjective
but yeah it's the idea
so that's for spanning family <-> f surjective
what about if the family is free ?
does that tell something about f ?
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โ
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Factor out cos(2x) in the numerator
Gets multiplied to the -8xsin(2x)
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Please could someone help me with this question?
what did you try?
divide by 4
Divide?
Divide all the terms in this expression by four
i think he meant dividing the denominator and numerator by 4
i know, he needs to figure out the terminology though
@median oar any hint?
@median oar Hey I'm bored
@alpine sable Has your question been resolved?
How can we identify which number we can factorise?
Frosst
yeah
no it won't tbh
he is dividing the numerator and denominator by 4
he edited the comment
oh didn't notice 
I think I get it
thank you guys
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can someone help me provide some motivation for axiom of choice please? it's a lil silly but still - from what i understand it just states that given a collection of sets, we can make another set by picking an elt from each one
but why does it matter to formalize that why cant we just do that? or when we "just do that" are we invoking axiom of choice without saying so
@fiery adder Has your question been resolved?
seems awfully similar to cartesian products
Try #foundations
well yeah
will i lose anything from just blackboxing it
like might i be hurt later on if i just know what it is without really reading much about it
Hurt you how? Are you being tested on it
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guys
half of 2 is 1
2+1 is 3
half of 5 is 2.5 + 5 = 7.5
therefore X=7.5 am i right
do u have a given that the side of length 3 is parallel to the line which has a segment of length x ?
I wouldn't try to shortcut the process. Write the equation, solve.
if yes then u can use thales theorem
Actually nvm you are right.
This isn't those problems you get to see on some group chat which has some weird logic you have to follow by discarding maths.
I'm referring to the method.
Your answer is correct.
wait if these two are parallel then the answer is wrong
because if they are parallel then by thales' theorem u get that 2/7 =3/x which gives x = 10.5
u know that they are similar if the 2 sides i talked abt are parallel
right ?
bc youll have alternating angles and thus u will have A.A.A but if these 2 sides are parallel then using thales' theorem will give another answer
Yes, only then.
yes but in this case you will get 2 different answers
while the length of the side has only 1 value
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to the power of 1/12 is NOT the same as multiply by 1/12
,calc (2/3) * (1/12)
Result:
0.055555555555556
,calc (2/3)^(1/12)
Result:
0.96677570572707
if you're plugging into a calc be sure to put parentheses around the ( 1/12)
yeah lol
I'm stupid
i'm doing this question
and i'm thinking (15/16)^(60)
but that gives me a very small number
much smaller than if i was to just do (15/16)^(1)
if it's decreasing rapidly, why would it decrease with a much less factor with more time? surely in a minute something would have a much larger factor than the factor of a second?
,calc (15/16) ^ (1)
Result:
0.9375
,calc (15/16) ^ (60)
Result:
0.020810215807527
First calculation is a second. Second calculation is a minute. Why is the second larger?
<@&286206848099549185>
the amount of bacteria is dying off so the number is decreasing as time goes on
a number less than 1 when u take it to greater and greater powers
will go smaller and smaller
i mean yeah
but i feel like this answer is wrong
0.02
Every minute the number of bacteria decays by a factor of 0.02.
Every second the number of bacteria decays by a factor of 0.94.
so there's less bacteria as time goes on
Ahh!
1.04521125295
This rounded to 2 decimal points, would be 1.05 ?
what number does this represent
Result:
1.0452112529529
would 1.0452 rounded to two decimal places be 1.05 or 1.04?
to 2 decimal places will be 1.05 yes
okay
0.045 is closer to 0.05 than 0.04
@next flax Has your question been resolved?
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Sin (x) + sin(-x) = 0
Help pls
What is your question?
Need to find x
sine is an odd function, it's true for all x
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|2-x| = 1
How do I solve this?
so when (2-x)<0, then |2-x| = -1?
no
plug y=2-x
so when (2-x)<0, then |2-x| = -(2-x) => -2+x?
yes
and when (2-x)โฅ0, then |2-x| = 2-x
also yes
$\left| 2-x\right| =\begin{cases}-2+x&\left( 2-x\right) <0\ 2-x&\left( 2-x\right) \geq 0\end{cases}$
2-x = 0
=> -x = -2
=> x = 2
AuHasard
so |2-x| = 1 is basically the distance between 2 and x is 1
yes, basically
$\cdots 0\cdots 1\cdots 2\cdots 3\cdots 4\cdots$
AuHasard
so x could be 1 and 3 here?
yup
@tame hound Has your question been resolved?
As long as you're working over the reals a much easier way to think about it is to say that the inverse of absolute value is +-
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In an electrical circuit, a resistor is switched such that the relationship between the current I through this resistor and the time t is given by I=I0(1-e-t/ฯ). Here I0 and ฯ are positive constants determined by the other components present in the circuit. Which of the following figures shows the graph of this relationship?
@lyric linden Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185>
As t becomes very large, what happens to $e^{-t}$
Jammy
Get's bigger as well I suppose
mb
$e^{-x} = \frac{1}{e^x}$
Jammy
No worries
I just don't understand the reasoning behind this solution quite yet
I unfortuneately dont undertand the language the solution is written in so I cant help clear up specific bits
Unless you have specific questions about it? Sorry for not being helpful haha
Maybe this will help ๐
Ok so does the first line of reasoning follow?
No worries at all
If you plug in t = 0
$e^{-t} = e^0 = 1$
Jammy
hmm
No worries if you arent happy with that bit
But basically $x^0 = 1$, thats just sort of a fact
Jammy
yeah obv
Jammy
Jammy
$I_0(1-1) = I_0(0) = 0$
Jammy
Oh yeah so that eliminates graph B & D
Yes ๐
And then to eliminate C, they make a point about a second derivative
Are you happy with how to differentiate the formula we have for I
$x^0 = x^{n-n} = \frac{x^n}{x^n} = 1 \implies x^0 = 1$
illuminator3
I just don't know why you would differentiate the function to come to the conclusion that c isn't right
Oh cool thats pretty
Ok so, looking at the formula for the second derivative
Differentiating pretty much anything isn't that hard but -why- is another question ๐ฅฒ
Can you see why it will always be negative
Hahaha yeah I agree
not at first glance
Jammy
Jammy
$e^x > 0$
Jammy
We can prove that $I_0 > 0$, but are you happy that that is intuitive?
Jammy
The thing I'm probably most confused about is '-t'
In the power of e?
yeh
Ok so are you happy with $e^{-x} = \frac{1}{e^x}$?
Jammy
Oh no worries
So basically all of the terms are positive, but there is a minus sign
so
$-\frac{I_0}{\tau^2}e^-{\frac{t}{\tau}}$
is negative
Jammy
Does that make a little more sense, no worries if not
not really atm my brain is a clusterf rn
it approaches 0 but why is it negative
The whole thing?
yeah
Jammy
are you happy with that?
hmmm
So it's just because of the derivative?
Jammy
$\frac{I_0}{\tau^2}$ is therefore positive, right?
Jammy
yep
And are you happy with the fact that $e^x > 0$
Jammy
Yeah
Jammy
ofc
Jammy
is negative right?
Okay
So
The second derivative
Is the rate of change of the gradient
So a negative one means that the gradient of our graphs is always decreasing
I feel stupid for asking your help
No please dont its fine
lmao thanks for helping xd
Sometimes problems just dont click
Yeah I noticed
Its fine you are welcome, it all makes sense now yeah?
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Isn't this a site that checks your answer?
No my teacher disabled that feature
Can you please check my work
I'm gonna be honest with you. That's a bunch of words and lots of checking that not many people would like to do
Oh sorry
So the chances of you getting someone to check it, will be slim
Ok ๐ฅบ
Ask to compare answers with your friends
Ok
@burnt galleon Has your question been resolved?
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theres two parts to this problem, i dont really understand it, parts a and b thank you!
Where are you stuck
What have you tried
What is your current thinking
Give us a reason to help you with this many problems
Also, @wintry pier, the first question is very easy. The way to do that one comes right after the definition of what
$\lim_{x\rightarrow a^-} f(x)$
Disorganized
means.
You need to read your notes
You need to read your textbook
And if you don't want to do those things, you need to look online and get as far as you can on your own BEFORE you ask us for help
You need to read your definitions for the content you are being introduced to
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Can someone explain the effect of how cubing the square root makes the domain change like that?
Yea, sqrt(-1) is fake news!
but there are not real square roots of -1
ah
The same way there are no real even-index roots of negative numbers!
so it creates a negative which we cant have so thats why its negative infinity infinity and nothing in between
But there are odd-index real cubic roots of negative numbers
Liberals
Everything in between!!
Conservatives
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The first step to solving this u substitution would be getting rid of hโ(x)
Right?
And that would be by dividing everything by 2 and getting rid of the x so that we have sqrt(1-x^2)/2 * 2x and then we can remove 2x as itโs hโ(x)
Right?
Im not sure about that step
wth is h(x)
Sorry Iโm not sure whatโs considered universal math language
Itโs all u substitution
Which Iโm trying to learn but itโs a journey ๐
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Can anyone give me a a lead on how to approach this problem?
@ocean crater Has your question been resolved?
@ocean crater Has your question been resolved?
Just plug in the recurrence
p0 = 0. p1 = 1-p0. p2=p1. And so on
Ok gotcha thank you!
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need help with slope and equation for it
i dont understand it and need a quick explanation
what is "it"
oh like equation for the slope?
yeah
are you talking about $y=mx+b$
yuh
meek
i have my final exam and i've missed like 2 months of this semester so i'm rlly behind and i'm just stuck on this
okay so first, what part do you not get about it
i literally don't knoiw anything abt slope
so i don't know how to make the equation
okay so well the slope of an equation, is just the rate of change between two points
if you want to find the slope of a linear line, you can use the equation $\frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}$
meek
and how would I use that
so like let's say you have a point (1,2) and the point (4,8) okay?
can you imagine where they would be on the graph
no
it'd look something like this, alright?
oh, alright
so the slope BETWEEN the lines is when you do this:
you take the y value of one point
let's do 8
and then you take the y value of the other, 2
you get 6
and then you divide that number by the difference of the x values
which is 4 and 1
so you get
$$\frac{8-2}{4-1} = \frac{6}{3} = 2$$
meek
and remember, this value after doing the division is m in the equation $y=mx+b$
meek
so, it's $y=2x+b$
meek
because, everytime you get a value 'x', you multiply it by the slope, 2, and get the proper value 'y'
like going back to the points i gave you
(1,2) and (4,8)
if you take 1 = x, then multiply it by the slope of 2, you get 2 which is the y value
bro i got lost here
same thing goes for the 2nd point
$$\frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1} = \frac{8-2}{4-1} = \frac{6}{3} = 2 = m$$
meek
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Limit using sterlings formula
I know answer is infinity since n! grows faster
But i dont know if my last step is justified
Because anything times infinity is infinity
But we "dont know" if y is defined or not, or non-zero
The steps seem kind of circular to me
Can someone help?
I'm not sure but Instead of just saying y is infinity you could divide by y and get 1= infinity, which is incorrect. So maybe we need to look at your work but it's hard to see from my screen.
there's no reason to use stirling
Its required for my hw
$\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{n!}{0.00001n}$
giannis_money
is it this?
Yes
Yeah that is true. I used LH rule
And it says that the limits are equivalent
So I tried setting them equal
Could you post the actual problem you are being asked to answer?
literally just cancel n from numerator and denominator
I think this doesnt work because y = inf
n! grows WAY quicker than n
We cannot divided by inf i think
No look:
n! = n * (n-1) * (n-2)
you can cancel the first n and the bottom one to get
(n-1)!/0.00001
which is infinity
Yes I know that but we are required to use sterlings formula
that's a bit dumb
Yeah... i could argue that y >= 0 since both numerator and denominator are positive when n -> inf
To argue that y is not equal to zero, we need to use the fact that n(n-1)(n-2)..../n would not tend to zero
But yeah that would be using factorial properties and seems kind of circular
Your series is literally (n-1)! / 0.00001
The denominator stays the same while the numerator grows to infinity.
This limit is 100% infinity
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Can you prove it
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how do i solve thisproblem
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so the power of x-1 is to cancel out x in subsitution?
Yes
When you evaluate p (and in fact p', p'' and p'''), many terms cancel out thanks to the x-1 writing
Notice that you can still rearrange the terms by powers of x by expanding each (x-1)^k term. Not recommended here of course, but I hope this gives a bit of intuition as to "why we have the right to do that". (The intuition being, "it's basically the same")
thank u
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Small square root question:
Supposed we say the following:
x = โ9
Whatโs wrong with the argument that x = +-3: x = -3 because -3 is a square root of 9?
Is there a small difference between saying that x is a square root of b and that x = โb?
if you write โx , the result will be postitive (unless x < 0)
โ = positive square root / principle square root (if im not wrong)
square root function always returns a positive value it should be +x=3 and -x=3
Basically, when we calculate โx, we try to find sides of a square whose area is x , hence it can not be negative.
For a nonnegative real number a, sqrt(a) is definitionally the unique nonnegative real number y for which y^2 = a
This was not the best choice of variable names, gonna edit that
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Can anyone help me prove this?
Stop trolling
Expecting a proof of fermat's last theorem here is maybe being a lil too optimistic
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Can anyone help me in this
<@&286206848099549185>
Please anyone
I have a final in 15 minutes
<@&286206848099549185>
Looks correct to me, did you have some side work to elaborate how you got that val
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Anyone can help me with c part
what did you get for part a?
Hmmm nope
I get confuse bcz they said that use a b for to express the general term4,0,4,0...
@vale wigeon ๐
So what will be the answer of third part??
well one of them will be 2(1+(-1)^n) as i suggested...
And for part b??
what do you mean? you already said the answer for part b.
No no they have asked for to express it in 2 different way
for the other i suggest you do some more thinking to see how the sequence cos(n*pi) (which begins 1, -1, 1, -1, ...) can be transformed into 4, 0, 4, 0, ...
write out the sequence 1+cos(npi).
Then multiply it with 2??
I mean second one will be 2(1+cos(npi))??
yes congratulations
Ahhhhh!!!! Thank God
Thank you so much๐ค
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question is malformed
there exist many such correspondences
again, question is malformed
there are many such one to one correspondences
you should not be expected to magically come up with the same bijection as what the authors had in mind
that's probably why they have 99 tries for the question
so that they can merge their minds with the authors'
so you need to 100% this homework assignment under threat of death?
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Then do it. Writing tan as sin/cos and cot as cos/sin is helpful too
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what is the normal curve area to the right of ๐ฅ = 17?
Can you repost the context?
Given a normal distribution with ๐ = 30 and ๐ = 6, find:
ah, then you need to normalise your normal distribution
is this the correct answer 0.9850? 
you need to first find the z value
my answer before was assuming mean and sd was 1, as you didn't mention any parameters
the z value is given by $\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}$
Toby
then we can look this number up on a table
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hello, can you help me to get the formula for how to calculate odds? for example, I have the odds winner 2.51 for a draw 3.11 and for the second team winner 2.86 how do calculate 1- st half odds 1 X 2 if someone helps it will be great thank you in advance
I have main odds like I said above and how calculated first-period odds if you know betting you can understand what i mean
first-period odds?
original problem is I am seeking mathematical formula for calculate odds
They are made by the betting companies - there is no formula
first half
but they use some mathematical formula and i am seeking it
No they donโt
Well they probably have some set in stone thing but it changes all the time and is obv not public
I truly believe that there is some formula because I find some methods how to calculate the odds it depends on many factors and when i have these factors after some mathematical formula can calculate the odds
.
@brittle summit Has your question been resolved?
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hi this is kind of maths i guess
Can you find the average number per quadrat
5.2
And how many quadrats is in 50 sq meters
What
Nope
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I need help with sum of them roots
I've done all i know as to simplify them, however i can't really tell how to deal with the big root on the left
Any tips?
$5-2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{3} = 2 + 3 - 2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{3}$
Ann
I have to train my eye as to spot these chances but i see it now. Thanks!
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need help with no. 4
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Hey, I was just wondering if I did these questions right and properly with correct solutions.
Iโll appreciate it so much!
@split heath Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185>
Hello ๐ญ
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in general how could i simplify this
just that n greater than 1
we cant bring that n inside the floor function and work with it in there?
no, unless n is an integer
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Can you guys tell if this is correct
,rotate
looks fine to me
Alright
just making sure that there's no power on the bottom, n right?
Nope
ok, its correct then
Someone said to me that if the power is lesser, it means it goes down of the fraction, is it true?
yeah, if it's negative it goes on the bottom and becomes positive
yes
How do I do this?
the division makes the square root go to the bottom. Then the square root becomes a power of half according to the fractional exponent rule
What?
$\sqrt{xy^2}=(xy^2)^{\frac{1}{2}}$
Toby
Woah, I see
What do I do next?
While I was waiting, I did other questions, I did this one and I checked the answer and it
aโต
-โ
bโน
Why negative?
What did I do wrong
A and B are still negative form?
But why it still stayed negative
its supposed to stay negative

