#help-0
1 messages · Page 569 of 1
it doesn't say much though
it is 14, yes
you have to infer what it's asking which is urgh
(3*3)+1
there's a formula for this btw
please show me
It really doesn't have any text
But the correct solution was 14 indeed
Answer :) ty for correcting me
if you have an $n\times n$ grid of squares, then there are $$n^2+(n-1)^2+...+2^2+1^2=\frac{(n)(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}$$ squares in the grid
CST
it's a signal for texit to format it
Thank you for the formula, sir. Did you whip it up on the spot?
no, I've seen it done before
I've seen people who can make formulas of their own to make their maths life easier and for others as well
one day i will be like that
is there such thing as amgm for real numbers
uh what part being real numbers
n
so like the average of 5.4 numbers?
mhm
anyone good at stats?
@charred flint so is this a valid proof of holders


oh you mean just the set of numbers in AM-GM can be real lol
yea sure, the mean of 2.4 and 2.8 follows amgm
no
i mean the index
because i want this to be true for all real pq
so a+b/a should be real
its like my index
I'm not completely following, maybe you mean weighted am-gm
no the stackexchange you linked is what im talking about
Is virtually worth doing something that can give you from 5 to 5000 earnings but it has a 35% chance to fail and lost you from 2000 to 5000?
I'm pretty sure you don't mean the stackexchange 
you can prove holders with weighted amgm like the proof here https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Hölder's_Inequality
rational will work. think about it
if you terminate the decimal expansion of any real number at any finite number of digits you get a rational number
also infinite number of digits if it's a repeating sequence
like 1/7 = 0.142857...
I'm studying for a placement test and a question of this nature is given. I know e has something to do with ln/natural log, but I'm not sure what type of question this is or how to solve it. can anyone point me to the right direction?
hmm this is a quadratic in e^x
so you'll have e^x = something by quadratic formula
and then you can carry on with ln
is there a khan academy video on this? I'm having trouble visualizing the process
Try substituting y = e^x into this
(Further, note that e^(2x) = (e^x)²)
nps
so we have 8 ways to pick the breads
and after you pick your bread you can pick the cheeses in 5 ways
you can make a table to visualise
Table?
will look something like this
sorry for the crude drawing
but do you know what i mean?
hopefully this makes it clear that there are 8*5=40 ways to pick the bread and the cheese
does that make sense?
yeah but we're not done yet
Do we need to count each?
because then we want to pick the topping and sauce
you just need to multiply 8*5*3*4
hopefully that seems intuitive
multiplication mistake
why is f(x,y,z) = z^(x+y) defined at z=0 but the equivalent f(x,y,z) = exp((x+y)ln(z)) is not defined there?
for x+y>0
Anyone know what to do in this problem?
Guys, i need to find the nuclear charge of an element which doesn't exist, how do i do that?
what's that 121 there?
is that its atomic number?
element 121?
how many protons do you think it has in its nucleus?
121
so
Can someone help me with this
@wild needle channel busy
go to a different channel
Oh ok
ok so?
so what exactly is the issue, zenia
you know this element has 121 protons in its nucleus
the only other thing in the nucleus is neutrons, which have no charge
i need to find the nuclear charge but i know that u need to substract electrons from protons but they're equal?
why is it so high lol
because 121 protons?
that cant be correct
cuz nuclear charge isnt literally just thte atomic number
then what is the nuclear charge according to you
i watched multiple videos on youtube it says u have to subtract the electrons from protons and that gives u the answer
are you sure you didn't mishear anything
"the answer" is vague
Nuclear charge is the electric charge of a nucleus of an atom, equal to the number of protons in the nucleus times the elementary charge.
from wikipedia
atom ≠ nucleus
wdym
an atom isnt the same thing as a nucleus
i mean exactly what i said
the nucleus does not include electrons
the electrons are AROUND the nucleus not IN the nucleus
no it isnt!
no
i'm not saying that
i'm saying that the video is irrelevant
because you're not finding the total charge of an atom
but only of its nucleus
which doesnt have any electrons
yes
the charge of the NUCLEUS
the nucleus doesnt include the electrons
am i not getting through to you w/ that ????
ok sure, so how do i find the answer now?
yes
yes
can anyone help me w this problem 🙂
someone give me a hint or clue what to do, my mind is lagging rn
<@&286206848099549185>
what formula should i use?
principal(1+rate)^years or (p)(rate)(time)
you've got compound interest going on here
but also you don't have a single investment but an annuity
meaning i have to add up the money per year to make it an investment? or principal?
i mean exactly what i said
ask in an unoccupied channel please
try to think about whats really going on instead of just applying formulas blindly
brb class
ahhhh yes okay
if cos(x) = -1/2 how do i find x?
you can draw the unit circle
before the restock, there were 200-68=132 cans
before the restock, half the canned drinks in stock were sold out, and the other half remained
the other half (132 cans) remained
132 is half of the total cans before any cans were sold
multiply by 2 to get the whole, 132*2=264
Ohhh, thank you! You've taught me more than my teacher could in 2 weeks xd
Is factorial of 5: 5*4*3*2*1?
Okay so there is a triangle ABC, with C1 the middle of AB, B1 the middle of AC and A1 the middle of BC.
I need to find where the point O is located to get this equation valid
OA + OB + OC=OA1 + OB1 + OC1
I have been thinking about placing O as the center of gravity
Like OA = 2/3 AA1
And OA1 = 1/3 AA1
intersection of the 3 medians is the centroid, which is also the center of mass of the triangle
Thanks, I didn't know how to translate that. I am now stuck on what to do next
Like OA = 2/3 AA1
And OA1 = 1/3 AA1
these are also correct
what do you want to do next?
Prove that this
OA + OB + OC=OA1 + OB1 + OC1
Is valid ((p.s they are vectors))
I got stuck here
Well, yeah but we are supposed to don't do coordinate bashing.
ok i think i've got an idea
we wanna prove the sum of the circle vectors = the sum of the square vectors
lets consider adding the two bottom circle vectors
this is going to be double the bottom square vector
Well, I got an idea as well?
From yours
We could try and write them until we get AB + CB like substitute them
oh, does this work out to prove OA + OB + OC=OA1 + OB1 + OC1?
Let's hope? So far it's going okay
well my idea was to take this and apply it to all 3 pairs of circle vectors and the square vector between them
The circle inside triangle theory?
B+C=2E
A+C=2F
A+B=2D
add them all up
2(A+B+C)=2E+2F+2D
A+B+C=E+F+D which was what we wanted
Is there a formula to calculate the distance between a Point and they yz plane?
yes, it's the absolute value of the point's x coordinate.
nvm i got it
the distance from the point (x,y,z) to the yz plane is |x|
Ah okay thanks!
idk what else there is to elaborate on
Hey im not really sure where to go from here
Behold, my amazing art skills
Me neither, that's the full solution is it not
Perhaps i just wanted to try it and it looks like it could be simplified, guess not
ask in an unoccupied channel
from here use special right triangles to solve for x
so start with the area of the whole sector CAD (r*theta) then subtract off the right triangle and the circular sector with central angle 150 deg
@swift chasm
are you having trouble setting up the integral?
how to find area? by using intergral or finding the area of trapezium?
yea the intergrall
trapeziums won't help here
you need to use an integral
all these blue lines are just the height of the line - the height of the parabola
so use intergral to find the area
yes, but the integral of what?
this?
3 2 12 5 xx x − += +
wait i cant pres
3x^2-2x+1 = 2x +5
then use the values of x ?
the area we want is the difference in height
height of the line - height of the parabola
does that make sense?
then we need to find the lower and upper bounds
Yeah got it thanks
got it now thanks c;;;
area of shaded = area of isosceles triangle - area of white circular sector
But i dont know height of the triangle
How do I calculate the area?
Cause I don't have either base or height
Right yeah
you can find base as well similarly
did you do part a? it should help with part b
correct
now we can set that equal to 2
then from there we can solve for x in terms of a
are you familiar with converting log notation to exponential notation?
i think so
ahh i see thanks
you can also think about it as going from
log_3(x^2 a) = 2
to
3^ [log_3(x^2 a) ] = 3^2
and on the left you end up with x^2 *a
correct, now solve for x
so x = sqrt (9/a)
yup
that's pretty much simplified unless you mean rationalize the numerator
multiply by $\frac{3+\sqrt{3}}{3+\sqrt{3}}$
moshill1
ok
how would i do part b?
i was trying 1 - (0.49^2 + 0.38^2 + 0.10^2 + 0.03^2)
but do i need to account for getting the same blood group twice, twice for each goroup
like 1 - (2 * 0.49^2 + 2 * 0.38^2 + 2 * 0.10^2 + 2 * 0.03^2)
i hope that makes sense
1 - (0.49^2 + 0.38^2 + 0.10^2 + 0.03^2)
yes this is exactly correct
p(different)=1-p(same)
well you don't have to ping me specifically
how would I proceed here
also you're kind of interrupting the conversation
you can post your question in an unoccupied channel
so the probability that both people have the same blood type = P(both have O)+P(both have A)+P(both have B)+P(both have AB)
but do i need to account for getting the same blood group twice, twice for each goroup
no, you can label the two people person 1 and person 2 , and we just need the probability that both of them have the same blood type
P(both have O) = p(1st has O AND 2nd has O)
=p(1st has O) * p(2nd has O)
=(0.49)^2
Ok thanks
This might be (definitely is lol) a stupid question but can someone explain how one read this kind of notation
the notation reads as "function name:domain->codomain"
so this states a function f with R\{0} as its domain & R as its codomain
oh ok and what exactly does it mean by R/{0}
is it just that the domain does not include 0 ?
R\{0} is the set of real numbers excluding 0
yeah perfect. Thanks 🙂
OK, so i have the equations
y=3sin^2(&)
y=2cos(&)
where & = theta
how would i find the points where they intersect
i tried simultaneous equations but struggling to solve them
$3\sin^2(\theta) = 2\cos(\theta)$ is the equation you're interested in here
2 cos theta ^
ok
im trying to solve it but i just can't
Ann
can you show an attempt you made?
ok
i want to make it into 2 brackets
and then solve from there
sorry if its messy
so you got to 3cos^2(θ) + 2cos(θ) - 3 = 0?
and then you tried to factor manually without success
so why not do that
because it seems to me that i would just run into roots
it seems unpractical to do like that since i never have done this question without being able to solve manually
you would run into roots yes
is y= 3x -2 and** 9x -3y =6** equivilant???
this channel is occupied. please don't intrude on ongoing convos in questions channels in the future.
but yes, y=3x-2 is equivalent to 9x-3y=6.
can u explain why and im sorry
https://i.redd.it/jq9q3qnknrr61.jpg
somebody tell me if there is any maths from calculus 3 in this question paper
-_-
@hollow oyster @barren sinew please go to another question channel
and delete your messages
np
A river in normal condition is 28 cm deep. After a rainstorm, its level increased by 3 1 / 2m. At 3.89 m, he is in danger of getting out of bed.
a) How much more can the water level rise before it gets out of bed?
b) The record height is 5.18 m. How much higher than the normal river level is this height?
Can some1 pls help me with this ASAP?
anyways, Ann i found the solution to the question
so no longer need help for now
thank you
If i could get some assistance for this question that would be greatly appreciated
doesnt look like it
so its only calculus 1 and 2 right?
I learned everything I would need in calc 1 and 2 from that, the educational cutoffs may vary
set up an equation
f = 69
f = 4s-3
This is a final term question for my upcoming semester. So I am assuming that learning up to calculus 2 is enough for the semester
wait i lied no its not
the first problem is calc 3
it was crossed off so I skipped over it before
partial derivatives & 3 dimensional stuff is all calc 3
except the first one, all are calculus 2?
yes
god damn. I have a long way to go then. haven't even started with calculus 1 yet
good luck w that
thank you so much for the help
@ionic jewel any chance you can help me out?

dont ping me specifically who knows if i could answer
i know all the answers in the world
so ping me anytime
my daddy actually invented maf
jk
hello!!!
What to do xD?
Wru from?
Where u live
u?
Pakistan
nice!
The total area of the yellow rectangle and the blue triangle is
You can already find the area of the rectangle
What do you mean by reduce
$2a\times b + 2b\times 2a \times 0.5$
bunny
Do you mean simplify?
$= 2ab + (0.5)(4ab) = 2ab + 2ab = 4ab$
bunny
pushing two variables together implies multiplication
2a * b = 2ab
2a * 2b = 2ab
2 * a * b = 2 * a * b
2 * a * b = 2ab
its 2*a*2*b = 4ab
yes
when they are next to each other it implies multiplication
wait
so bunny
and mystifine
when you have like 2a * 2b
u do 2 * 2 and a * b
4ab
same with 2a * b
you do 2 * nothing
and a * b
2ab
When you have 2a another way to represent it is 2 * a
when you have 2a * 2b
you can do
2 * a * 2 * b
that is not the right intuition but you get them right so
How's it wrong
and in terms of multiplication it doesn't matter what order you multiply
so you can group like constants
2 * 2
and the rest just comes along
you dont think of it as "2 * nothing"
2a * b is not 2 * 1
how would you do it then
2ab = 2 * a * b = 2ab = 2ab
It's the same
yes but theres no "1" coming in anywhere
it gets the same answer but thinking about it is different
you are just doing extra thinking for no reason
2a*b = 2 * a * b = moved space = logic confirmed
Lmao
2a * 2b = 2 * a * 2 * b /// 2 * 2 * a * b
2a * b = 2 * a * b /// 2 * a * b
@ionic jewel
yea
Bedmas
I'm canadian 😦
okay budget british guy
What does P stand for
parenthesis
oh
brackets are [] to me
Brackets 💀
not ()
yes
of yeah i just overlooked it before
circumference and area
Is the answer the third one
Programmers
circumference: a + a + b + a + b + a = 4a + 2b
area: a^2 + ab
looks like it
is 1ab the same as ab
yes
yes
ok
lol
Thanks for helping me
can anyone help me with this have no clue
<@&286206848099549185>
simplify
a^4?
cos u add the powers then take them away?
are you familiar with the exponent multiplication/division rules?
laws of indeces
no
ye u should learn them first
^
then u will be able to do them, it’s called laws of indices
ok
also called exponent properties
why is the last line like that
omggggg
-cos/cos=-1
how would i solve this?
im also confused because there is a negative side length i think
thats the trig identity right?
so i take that identity
solve for sin
and then solve for thetea
theta
(sintheta)^2+(costheta)^2=1
pythagorean identity
tan =sin/cos
definition of tangent
they don't ask for theta
hey guys
find sin, then divide that by cos
ok thx
im 13 years old so please dont laugh if this is "easy" for you, im doing a kangaroo test and i really need help
geometry test
I think it's against the rules
if it's a test then we can't help you there
oh #❓how-to-get-help 6
but if its a practice test/worksheet/hw then it is perfectly fine
wait dan one thing
dansman help me 
with the sin and cos idenity
its not an test, i just dont understand it because the test is in english
and im spanish
does the fact that its squared matter at all?
yeah, you will get 2 possible values for sin(theta)
its a quiz
so 2 different values for tan(theta)
so will i have to square -3/8 when subbing in?
@viral owl If it's for marks we simply can't help
don't expect help with quizzes/tests
ok
(sintheta)^2+(-3/8)^2=1
square root both sides, the pos and negative solution for sin are both valid
so i dont have to square root the 55/64 before plugging into sin/cos?
sintheta^2=55/64
first you need to square root both sides to get sintheta
then plug into tantheta=sintheta/costheta
<@&286206848099549185> can some1 help me with this pls?
@alpine sable im stuck now lol, so i just multiply the fractions sqrt55/64 and 8/-3?
sintheta^2=55/64
first you need to square root both sides to get sintheta
so sintheta=+-sqrt(55/64)
sintheta=(sqrt55)/8 or -(sqrt55)/8
so now, [(sqrt55)/8] / [-3/8] and [-(sqrt55)/8] / [-3/8]
then you just simplify
yeah its +-sqrt55/3
correct
thx
In the future, go to a channel that isn’t in use when you present your question. As well as pinging helpers while people are still working on a question. It’s viewed as rude / interrupting and you’re less likely to be helped. Try posting in #calculus
I said please and Its not that I interrupted anyone
I didnt say
Oh leave him
Dont help him
Help me
I said please and I respected the 15 minutes rule
So Im not being rude
The rules says to not ask a question in a channel that’s in use as well as what you just mentioned.

i have a question that goes like this if a-b=b-c=7 then what is the value of c^2-2b^2+a^2 ?
how do i find this
use subsitution
no u have 3
how ?
tru
wait yea thats true
the easiest way is often the most clever
but besides
there is no other way
in your case
can y'all explain how can i find the area of a isosceles triangle with just knowing that the hypotenuse is 25, and the altitude's bigger than the base by 10 cm?
just a hint would do cause i've been struggling
when i try it just return to the same equations
ill try rq
pythag, 25 = (10+x)^2 + (x/2)^2
where x is the base of triangle
lemme tryyy
when using pythag staring with the hypotenuse does the hypotenuse not get squared?
how to solve these 3 equations
😐
im lost now lol
it doea mb
x should be equal to 14 or -30 @steady frost
hey guys, i need help for some homework
i dont even understand it, if someone can explain?
just post someone may or may not help
Sure, it would be better if you posted in another channel though, @woven shoal
i need help badly i have no clue
yep thats corrext
what's nextttttttttttTT
solving for x gets you 14 or -30
quadratic?
ofc
sheesh this teacher dude
but use 14 as -30 will get you complex numbers
Adam and Kevin are standing 35 metres apart, on opposite sides of a flagpole. From Adam’s position, the angle of elevation of the top of the flagpole is 36°. From Kevin’s position, the angle of elevation is 50°. How high is the flagpole?
draw it and use trig
i think you use the sum of two tangents for that problem
aight ill have a look ty :)
so i did this in class
teacher was watching over and didn't disprove it
but
the last two equalities now look sus to me'
<u,u> + <u,v> + <v,u> + <v,v> = <u,u> + 2<u,v> + <v,v>
is this actually true?
it would mean that <v,u> = <u,v> but i dont think that's the case
yea inner products are commutative
oh?
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1311394/why-conjugate-when-switching-order-of-inner-product
i saw this earlier
so i'm overthinking it?
i'm not sure what conjugation does for inner product :/
oh I mean specifically dot products sorry
Plur
if you're using real numbers it's fine
so in my case, it's still commutative?
I'm assuming you're doing real vectors so yea
conjugation just changes complex numbers
ok thanks
You know how to do Law of Sines? Plur
I know there's a formula for it 
uhm
sine rule?
no
can't remember
cos 30 = x/7
$z^2 - z +1 = 0$
zyzt
since it doesn't touch the x-axis
well you could always factor it over the complex numbers
yeah, that's what i am trying to do
quadratic formula is only for real(side question)?
no, you'd just get a negative discriminate and you can get an imaginary solution (2)
you can use quadratic formula to find complex zeroes as well
yeah, i thought it works for complex too
this is what i get(next post)
zyzt
which is not the answer i believe, which is cube root of -1
(editing the post above)
$\frac{-(-1) +- \sqrt{(-1)^2 - 4(1)(1)}}{2} = \frac{-(-1) +- i *\sqrt{3}}{2}$
zyzt
you are looking for $\pm$
bunny
Bardak
Integral by parts
f(x)=cos^2x and g'(x)=e^x
Formule is f(x)*g'(x)-integral((f'(x) *g(x))
@smoky skiff
Ok I tried that what then?
Show me
yeah, thank you. i think my mistake is not checking if their absolute value equals to 1
and then factorizing them, and then using euler formula...etc etc...
and get my anwer
$\int e^x\cdot cos^2x = e^x\cdot cos^2x + \int e^x\cdot 2cos(x)sin(x)$
Bardak
Hello my dear friends
Well, here I am on record at last
And it feels so wonderful to be here with you on my first album
I'm so happy
Aha! Happy go lucky me
I just go my way
Living everyday
I don't worry
Worrying don't agree
Things that bother you
Never bother me
Things that bother you
Never bother me
I feel happy and fine
Aha
Living in the sunlight
Loving in the moonlight
Having a wonderful time
so what's the problem?
2cosxsinx is sin2x try to redo per partes with f(x)=sin2x and g'(x) =e^x
So e^xcos^2x-new per partes
Show me what u get
It's occupied
my bad
Occupied
$e^x\cdot cos^2x + \int e^x\cdot sin(2x) = e^x\cdot cos^2x + e^x\cdot sin(2x) - \int e^x\cdot 2cos(2x)$
Bardak
Mhhh
I see
cos^2x is the same as (1+cos2x)/2
Write as (1/2)+(cos2x/2) integral will be 1/2integral((e^x(cos2x+1))
Then u choose f(x) as 1+cos2x and g(x) as e^x
U would apply per partes 2 times
And u will see at 2nd time that the integral will be the same as the original integral
I'll explain what to do next when u do per partes 2 times first
cos^2x=(1+cos2x)/2 because of product to addition Sampson formula. It's an identity
Okie
does this mean ur done? @smoky skiff
$\frac{1}{2}e^x\cdot (1+cos(2x)) + e^x\cdot 2sin(2x) - \int e^x\cdot 4cos(2x)$
Bardak
Oh sorry, there was a gap with 5 mins
U should become this
idk what im doing, can someone tell me what ones go where?
$=\mathrm{e}^x\sin\left(2x\right)-\left(2\mathrm{e}^x\cos\left(2x\right)+\class{steps-node}{\cssId{steps-node-10}{4}}{\displaystyle\int}\mathrm{e}^x\sin\left(2x\right)$
The Fractalogist
Compile Error! Click the
reaction for more information.
(You may edit your message to recompile.)
I don't understand u
,w e^x sin(2x)=e^x cos^2(x)
you mean this, @limpid spade ?
Yeah
Wolfram doesn't think it is true.
Veryhappyperson how would u solve integral of cos^2xe^x
Maybe by parts?
lol
Sorry, I was never good at solving integrals xD
Doing it 2nd time u get e^xsin2x
Which is not equal to e^xcos^2x or integrable (without per partes)
Weirds
Is anyone good with finding perimeters using angles?
of a circle?
Triangles
send ur problem rq
aight so yeah you could see that they're both right triangles
and the left triangle is 45 45 90 and the right one is 30 60 90
Right
do you know any methods ?
do you know the ratios for special right triangles
there's certain ratios
Really?
for 30 60 90 triangles the ratios for them are
i used pythagorean theorem
short leg: x
long leg: x*sqrt3
hypotenuse: 2x
That sounds familiar the short leg
legs are the two sides that aren't the hypotenuse
dont
???
JEEZ what kind of math is that? i'm in geometry
@daring violet so what do I do with that knowledge of the legs and hypotenuse
5
so from the 45 45 90 triangle (the left one) there are also ratios for that which someone had said but in case you forgot they're
legs: x
hypotenuse: x*sqrt2
► My Geometry course: https://www.kristakingmath.com/geometry-course
In this video we'll learn how to use the pythagorean theorem to find the lengths of the sides of a right triangle, and then add the side lengths together to find the perimeter of the triangle.
● ● ● GET EXTRA HELP ● ● ●
If you could use some extra help with your math class, ...
watch this
nice vid
Ok give me a second to watch
The video doesn’t show how to do it with only 1 side and the rest angles
So what do I do with the legs
@pallid horizon
Is there an equation I have to use
yo can someone help me with a few problems
yes i can
Hi. If I have the equations of a line (a) x=2, y =3z and a line (b) x=2z, y=3 and I want to find the angle θ. between them using the formula a*b=|a| |b| cos θ.
Is it correct to say that the direction vector of the first line (a) is (0,3,1) and the direction vector of the second (b) line is (2,0,1).
So a*b=1
And |a| =sqrt(10), |b|=sqrt(5)
so cos θ = 1/5sqrt(2) ?
can i dm
sure
8+4sqrt2+4sqrt6+8sqrt2 would be the perimiter idk what that is
K
Hey, let's say 42 = 100, what is 13 out of the 42 in percentage then? Can you show me the calculations?
13/42 x 100
Is it seriously that fucking simple
yes
I did this shit and I was struggling with that
You know you hit rock bottom when you're that fucked.
😂
when u overwork ur brain and have to put 1+1 in the calculator during a test
x is the short line segment on the bottom or the whole thing
Short line
30 60 90 triangles
Both are?
Yea
i would say use x to get the length of the line in the middle in terms of x
then use that to get the line on the very right
How would I go about that
use the triangle ratios
you could see that the short leg is 18/2 since the hypotenuse is 2*short leg
oh yeah and it's similar triangles
For the overrall triangle?
Haha! Exactly
the overall triangle and the little one
heh that's what i'm doing rn
shi hold on
lol
nvm it was right
yeah i forgot
same
do u know the radius or is it just r
just r
Just two more and then tell me if I did another one the right way
no thats for radians
no
arc length is only the same as the angle when it's radian


