#help-49
1 messages · Page 287 of 1
0
Yes
The only problem is the square root
If we want the solutions to exist in reals, the square root must exist
Isn’t it a=0 a real solution
What's a
How does it solve the equation
It doesn’t …
Rafilouyear2026
Yes
So, if those solutions are to be real
We need the square root to be real
So we need 27+q to be a valid thing to put inside the square root
Yes
Rafilouyear2026
And I'm assuming the question asks for two distinct real solutions
Yes it does
Because we already know what happens in the case of double root
So we can't have q that gives us a double root
Yes
So combine $27+q \geq 0$ and $q \neq -27$
Rafilouyear2026
We get ...
Rafilouyear2026
Can you rewrite this with only q on the left side?
Rafilouyear2026
Rafilouyear2026
And that's it
Ooooh
Hold on
That’s it?
I don’t really get the steps we took that well
But kinda
We have a formula that gives us two solutions for our equation
So we can ask ourselves two questions:
- first question: when is the formula valid (when does it give us real solutions here)
- second question: when does it give us two different values, and when does it give us the same value twice
This is the answer to the first question
That's the answer to the second question
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Can someone help me solve this
What step are you on?
1. I don't know where to begin.
2. I have begun but got stuck midway.
3. I got an answer but I was told that it's wrong.
4. I got an answer and would like my work checked.
5. I have a question about someone else's work/solution.
6. I have completed the problem and don't need help anymore. Thank you.
7. None of the above
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Can I please get help understanding this problem? Here's my work, I don't understand how to algebraically get this.
My work on the right is incorrect, x isn't equal to 6.
But my left-side work is.
Idk how, I mean I know how and I can explain it but I'm frustrated.
I know that the side opposite to the 30 degree angle which is the missing angle is x, and the side opposite to the 60 degree angle or angle V is x times sqrt 3 because of my lesson earlier and it corresponds to UW which is what we're trying to find in the question, and that the 90 degree angle's opposite side is VU which is just 2x.
Is this how I'm supposed to get the answer?
In-fact it's not even an option.
And $(6)^2+(6/2)^2 doesn't equal (18)^2$
Aurora
I didn't multiply both sides by 2 🤦♀️
I was about to but forgot to, it wouldn't have made the statement correspond to x in the diagram anyway though. Right?
2x=18, x=9
2(9)=18
I suppose I was supposed to make 2x=18, I didn't know that though so I just intuitively thought what value of x had to split 18 into 2 and came up with the answer 9 which is why i was so frustrated 
I've realized just now what just happened though, I figured out all 3 lengths of this special right triangle which has only one given length (the hypotenuse) based on the ratios I've learned about this type of triangle in general. Tysm anyway to anyone here trying to help. I think I've found my answer?
@small warren Has your question been resolved?
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i'm gonna close, ty. I forgot i could ping them
.close
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guys i made a proof to explain to someone a while back and remembered but now i overthought it and i dont understand my working
calvin
it was “show that the sum of exterior angles of a polygon is 360 degrees”
do you still have the diagram?
that doesn't seem right
maybe an exterior angle isnt what i think it is
do you know what the sum of the interior angles is
yes
no but can someone explain why i subbed back in
idk i made this proof myself
i cant believe i forgot it
what's the total sum of the angles of all the interior plus exterior angles
its n sides
n sides -> n vertices
oh
so 180 * n (sum of interior + exterior) - 180(n - 2) (sum of interior angles) = 360, isnt that all you need for the proof?
if you are allowed the 180(n-2) knowledge
ohh i get it now
maybe
wait no
i dont
why is theta 360 and why am i subbing back into
sum of interior
notice how the sum of the interior angle of C and the exterior angle of C is 180
because they just make a line
calvin
so if you have n vertices, the sum of all interior + exterior angles is 180n
Now, you know the sum of the interior angles is 180(n-2)
i just said all this ^
yes
ohhh
=> sum of exterior angles is 180n - 180(n-2) = 360
In your proof you're using interior and exterior wrong
ohh that makes sense
You first call "one exterior angle" theta, and then a few lines later "... means that one [interior] angle, theta, has ..."
(plus at the start you can't just say "let theta be any angle between 0º and 180º" and then fix its value again)
doubt
If x is the interior, yes
yeah
wait ill fix it and redi it
redo
so how should i do this proof
like
im overthinkng
i wrote that x is interior
and 180-x is exterior
then the sum of interior is nx
Tbh it seems easier to first find the value of exterior angles (from the "central" angles) and then deduce the value of interior angles
I think the way I presented it earlier is pretty straightforward logically
the proof that interior angles sum to 180(n-2) isn't hard
actually idk the direct way of proving exterior angles sum to 360 without this
Wrong.
wrong?
hi 
br
cinnamon roles have more brain than you.
<@&268886789983436800> troll
ari i think i understand how you did it now
and @wanton rover
whatever you say
Give me food and feed a pig.
yeah
9+10=???
Then alpha_2 is 180º - beta_1 - beta_2, so 180º - (180º-alpha_1) = alpha_1
go to #chill and stop spamming other peoples help channels
A 21 hour mute 
i never knew this proof was so complicated
It's really not
It doesn't use the fact that the sum of interior angles = 180º(n-2)
So you know alpha_2 is the same as alpha_1, meaning it's also 360º/n
The sum of all is then, of course 360º
calvin
Compile Error! Click the
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Sure, it's valid
okay thank you
My point was that knowing the formula for the sum of interior angles beforehand is a bit odd
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Can ratio test for convergence of a Sequence, be used to prove divergence of a sequence?
it could help, yes
help...how
it can tell you a sequence diverges to infinity for example
I am given some sequences and I have to tell whether it's convergent of divergent
ohhh sorry i misread your question
Sequence is b^n/n²
Where b>1
i edited this
Sequence diverges to infinity => limit doesn't exist ...
if lim |a_{n+1}/a_n| > 1 then then (a_n) diverges
Is it fully Rigorous?
for any sequence that doesn’t have 0 terms, it is true
this basically says the terms grow exponentially or faster in absolute value. so the sequence diverges
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I want to understand this solution
In mathematical induction we first see....f(1)....f(n)....then if it is true for f(n+1)
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question 1
$S_n^2= \frac{1}{n-1} \sum_{i=1}^{n} (X_i- \overline{X})^2$
\
We then have $V(S_n^2)= \frac{1}{(n-1)^2} V \left( \sum_{i=1}^{n} \left( X_i - \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} X_i}{n} \right)^2\right)$
My question is as it's iid X_i=X , no?
Where X~Ber(P)
wai
@twilit field Has your question been resolved?
<@&286206848099549185>
What’s 5.2.23
(5.2.23) is clearly an equation
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$\int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)\ln\left(1+x\right)}{1+x}dx$
zeta theta beta eta
reduced it to $$\int_{0}^{1}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}\zeta\left(3\right)+2\text{Li}{3}\left(-t\right)}{t-1}-\frac{2\text{Li}{3}\left(-t\right)}{t}\right)dt,$$ no idea how to continue
zeta theta beta eta
or wondering if there are alternate quicker methods
@untold sentinel Has your question been resolved?
@untold sentinel Has your question been resolved?
@untold sentinel Has your question been resolved?
This looked okay,
but where the hell did Li and -t and the zeta come from
ill send my working
\begin{align*}
I &= \int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)\ln\left(1+x\right)}{1+x}dx \
&= \int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)}{1+x}\int_{0}^{1}\frac{x}{1+tx}dtdx \
&= \int_{0}^{1}\int_{0}^{1}\frac{x\ln^{2}\left(x\right)}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+tx\right)}dxdt \
&= \int_{0}^{1}\frac{1}{t-1}\left(\int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)}{1+x}dx-\int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)}{1+tx}dx\right)dt \
&= \int_{0}^{1}\frac{1}{t-1}\left(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\left(-1\right)^{n}\int_{0}^{1}x^{n}\ln^{2}\left(x\right)dx-\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\left(-t\right)^{n}\int_{0}^{1}x^{n}\ln^{2}\left(x\right)dx\right)dt \
&= \int_{0}^{1}\frac{1}{t-1}\left(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\left(-1\right)^{n}\int_{0}^{\infty}e^{-x\left(n+1\right)}x^{2}dx-\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\left(-t\right)^{n}\int_{0}^{\infty}e^{-x\left(n+1\right)}x^{2}dx\right)dt \
&= \int_{0}^{1}\frac{1}{t-1}\left(2\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{\left(-1\right)^{n}}{\left(n+1\right)^{3}}-2\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{\left(-t\right)^{n}}{\left(n+1\right)^{3}}\right)dt \
&= \int_{0}^{1}\frac{1}{t-1}\left(\frac{3}{2}\zeta\left(3\right)+\frac{2}{t}\operatorname{Li}{3}\left(-t\right)\right)dt \
&= \int{0}^{1}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}\zeta\left(3\right)+2\operatorname{Li}{3}\left(-t\right)}{t-1}-\frac{2\operatorname{Li}{3}\left(-t\right)}{t}\right)dt
\end{align*}
zeta theta beta eta
the target is $4\operatorname{Li}_{4}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)-\frac{\pi^{4}}{24}+\frac{7}{2}\ln\left(2\right)\zeta\left(3\right)-\frac{\pi^{2}}{6}\ln^{2}\left(2\right)+\frac{1}{6}\ln^{4}\left(2\right)$
zeta theta beta eta
@untold sentinel Has your question been resolved?
@untold sentinel Has your question been resolved?
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$\int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)\ln\left(1+x\right)}{1+x}dx$
zeta theta beta eta
i want to uncover the answer myself
without following a worked solution or i wont improve
@untold sentinel Has your question been resolved?
Wants to do it yourself. But asks for help from other people. Pick both
?
@untold sentinel Has your question been resolved?
Hint: What would you do without the $\ln^2(x)$ term? Is $\frac{\ln(1+x)}{1+x}$ easy to integrate?
Mirror
@untold sentinel Has your question been resolved?
what does that exactly help with here
Can you try putting 1/(1+x) = t
$$\int_{\frac{1}{2}}^{1}\frac{2\ln\left(1-t\right)\ln^{2}\left(t\right)-\ln^{2}\left(1-t\right)\ln\left(t\right)-\ln^{2}\left(t\right)\ln\left(t\right)}{t}dt$$
$$=2\int_{\frac{1}{2}}^{1}\frac{\ln\left(1-t\right)\ln^{2}\left(t\right)}{t}dt-\int_{\frac{1}{2}}^{1}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(1-t\right)\ln\left(t\right)}{t}dt+\frac{\ln\left(2\right)^{4}}{4}$$
zeta theta beta eta
$$=2\int_{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\ln\left(t\right)\ln^{2}\left(1-t\right)}{1-t}dt-\int_{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\ln\left(t\right)\ln^{2}\left(1-t\right)}{t}dt+\frac{3\ln\left(2\right)^{4}}{4}$$
zeta theta beta eta
now what
Im trying a alternative approach
using this conceptually so I can wrap my head around and catch up to the progress. (let me know if I made an error on this function)
how did this function begin and take off?
this seems to be the part it gets interesting...give me some time? might can help.
maybe using this? but Im not sure if that is the answer unless the implication is the function can be continuous.
Think the issue is it stops being a arbitrary integral and it becomes the difference of two polylog kernels that cancel out.
@untold sentinel Has your question been resolved?
pi im rough with, thought this was geometry as my first approach it was making shapes XDD
let me know if this helps
!occupied
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@untold sentinel Has your question been resolved?
INTEGRATION HEHE
uhh seen this on MSE before
@untold sentinel u still stuck?
from $\int_{0}^{1}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}\zeta\left(3\right)+2\text{Li}{3}\left(-t\right)}{t-1}-\frac{2\text{Li}{3}\left(-t\right)}{t}\right)dt,$ yes
zeta theta beta eta
ah.. another one of these
someone should make a bot trap
add an honeypot channel
@untold sentinel Has your question been resolved?
.close
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.reopen
✅ Original question: #help-49 message
i'm still stuck on this
also i got a new question that's unrelated but idk if i can send it
@pliant peak we dont allow pirating here
Someone else is already using this help channel. If you need help with a question, please open your own help channel/thread (see #❓how-to-get-help for instructions).
what an incredibly naive thing to say. do you know what giving hints are/nudging in the right direction?
blocked
i agree with them
but keep drama out of this channel or unnecessary comments if its not helpful
if anyone is up to explaining whatever this harmonic stuff means and how it can be motivated im up for that as well
well i skimmed through the MSE link and similar integrals appear when computing that harmonic sum
and ur integral also appears
not sure why civil linked it tho
@untold sentinel are you familiar with feynmanns technique?
yes
that landed me here
dont you feel your integrals looks feynmannable?
\begin{align*}
I &= \int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)\ln\left(1+x\right)}{1+x}dx \
&= \int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)}{1+x}\int_{0}^{1}\frac{x}{1+tx}dtdx \
&= \int_{0}^{1}\int_{0}^{1}\frac{x\ln^{2}\left(x\right)}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+tx\right)}dxdt \
&= \int_{0}^{1}\frac{1}{t-1}\left(\int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)}{1+x}dx-\int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)}{1+tx}dx\right)dt \
&= \int_{0}^{1}\frac{1}{t-1}\left(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\left(-1\right)^{n}\int_{0}^{1}x^{n}\ln^{2}\left(x\right)dx-\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\left(-t\right)^{n}\int_{0}^{1}x^{n}\ln^{2}\left(x\right)dx\right)dt \
&= \int_{0}^{1}\frac{1}{t-1}\left(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\left(-1\right)^{n}\int_{0}^{\infty}e^{-x\left(n+1\right)}x^{2}dx-\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\left(-t\right)^{n}\int_{0}^{\infty}e^{-x\left(n+1\right)}x^{2}dx\right)dt \
&= \int_{0}^{1}\frac{1}{t-1}\left(2\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{\left(-1\right)^{n}}{\left(n+1\right)^{3}}-2\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{\left(-t\right)^{n}}{\left(n+1\right)^{3}}\right)dt \
&= \int_{0}^{1}\frac{1}{t-1}\left(\frac{3}{2}\zeta\left(3\right)+\frac{2}{t}\operatorname{Li}{3}\left(-t\right)\right)dt \
&= \int{0}^{1}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}\zeta\left(3\right)+2\operatorname{Li}{3}\left(-t\right)}{t-1}-\frac{2\operatorname{Li}{3}\left(-t\right)}{t}\right)dt
\end{align*}
zeta theta beta eta
err thats not feynman..
same thing as feynman i expressed ln(1 + x) as an integral
and also the second and first integral (if u split everything) is quite easy
its more compact
uhm okay what about double feynmann tho
???
so the issue is $\int_0^1 \frac{ \text{Li} ( -t)}{t-1} \mathrm{d}t$
rak³en
lets first go with your approach
ok
yes so u shouldnt have a problem with zeta(3) and li_3(-t) integrals i suppose?
how do i continue
well imo the most straightforward thing would to be split everything and deal with them separately
you cant split the first one because they diverge
(i havent solved it every using this way, so i'll need some time to check if this is right)
ok
its log(t- oh right right
okay i cant do it ur way
@untold sentinel write an integral $I(a,b) = \int_0^1 x^a (1+x)^{b-1} \mathrm{d}x$
rak³en
Someone else is already using this help channel. If you need help with a question, please open your own help channel/thread (see #❓how-to-get-help for instructions).
if u dont have a question and just want to chat: #discussion
hey bro is it possible to connect with u?
im struggling and juggling my way up in maths
that's gonna be tedious
since the only closed form? is hypergeometrics
and then differentiating a hypergeometric thrice 😵💫
u dont need the full closed form
just expand (1+x)^(b-1) for |x| < 1
yes
zeta theta beta eta
now diff wr.r.t b
and use gamma function properties to prove that around b=0 this is (-1)^k-1/k
atleast thats what i remember doing
u said differentiate with respect to b
we have factorials
differentiation of generalized factorial (gamma function) involves digamma
,w D[Sum[Binomial[b - 1, k]/(k + a + 1), {k, 0, Infinity}], b]
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bruh
no we have a product..?
$\left(b-1\right)!=\Gamma\left(b\right)$
zeta theta beta eta
yes but we dont need to write it like that
$\frac{d}{db}\left(\left(b-1\right)!\right)=\frac{d}{db}\left(\Gamma\left(b\right)\right)=\psi\left(b\right)\Gamma\left(b\right)$
zeta theta beta eta
do you just want to differentiate it three times
im not up to this level of tedium
and it being a series as well
rak³en
its not that tedious gng
its just looks like it
did you get the answer from that?
also tf r u expecting
majority of these integrals are like this
alot of IBP, differentiation, known results
yes i have it
will type the latex up gimme 10 mins
where did you originally work it out?
you can show that
i dont mind if its messy
zeta theta beta eta
this is what mathematica returned
@wind oxide
show me an integral that's been done by differentiating a generalized series thrice
the only thing ive seen being differentiated thrice like that is the beta function and that's nice at least because of all the polygammas it ends up spewing out
i dont have the nb
wdym
how
why would you trash your working
after getting the solution
that doesn't make sense
very sus 🤨
indeed very sus
because i dont solve these for a living
me is a jee kid i do these for fun
that doesn't add up
why do u even care gng 😭
because I have a speculation you asked AI and since you have no working
for the idea of differentiating a generalized series three times... ive never seen anyone do that
anyways after differentiating i believe you get this?
horrendous series when you sub a = 0 and b = 1
no because i never involved gammas but this should still give the same thing
how did you simplify the series?
hello?
doesnt even numerically match up
unless i typed it wrong
u typed it wrong :\ also just 5 more minutes trust
@wind oxide could you explain the process of simplifying this series?
no because thats now how i did it
Define
$$
I(a,b)=\int_0^1 x^a(1+x)^{b-1} \mathrm{d}x
$$
Then
$$
\int_0^1 \frac{\ln^2 x,\ln(1+x)}{1+x},dx
=\left.\frac{\partial^3 I}{\partial a^2,\partial b}\right|_{(a,b)=(0,0)}
$$
For $|x| \leq 1$ , the binomial series gives
$$
(1+x)^{b-1}=\sum_{k=0}^\infty \binom{b-1}{k}x^k,
$$
where, for fixed integer (k),
$
\binom{b-1}{k}=\frac{(b-1)(b-2)\cdots(b-k)}{k!}
$
is a polynomial in (b) and is therefore differentiable for all real (b).
Interchanging summation and integration:
$$
I(a,b)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty \binom{b-1}{k}\int_0^1 x^{a+k},dx
=\sum_{k=0}^\infty \binom{b-1}{k}\frac{1}{a+k+1}.
$$
Now, differentiating the series termwise and using the identity
$
\left.\frac{d}{db}\binom{b-1}{k}\right|{b=0}=\frac{(-1)^{k-1}}{k}
$
we get
$$
\left.\frac{\partial I}{\partial b}\right|*{b=0}
=\sum{k=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{k-1}}{k}\frac{1}{a+k+1}.
$$
Now partially differentiate w.r.t $a$ twice and evaluate the series using results.
Proof of identity:
$(1+x)^(b-1) = \sum_{k \geq 0} \binom{b-1}{k} x^k$
Differentiate w.r.t b and set b=0:
$\frac{\ln (1+x)}{(1+x)} = \sum_{k \geq 0} \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}b} \binom{b-1}{k} x^k$
but the LHS has gen func $\frac{ \ln(1+x)}{1+x} = \sum_{k \geq 0} (-1)^{k-1} \frac{x^k}{k}$
after which we do comparision
💀 ???????
rak³en
guh whatever i aint fixing this
values of the eta and zeta functions my guy
show me
you didn't show an evaluation of the series either? where's the solution you said you had
it also reads like AI
im not sure how you get the polylog of order 4 from that unless im dumb
what final result did the AI return
in fact why tf r u even asking here if u think an ai can do it
u think i do?
calm down
i just want to see how you evaluated that series
because it's tedious as hell 😭
all euler sums and related integrals are tedious
just take a look at this
?
where did you throw your notebook
what of it? i dont see any answer triple differentiating a series and each step is very clear and well motivated enough
the answer by robjohn
its still tedious
thats what i meant ...
and yet, you still managed to omit that tedium in your "working" and call it "obvious from [there]"
we still reducing it down sizes yea?
best I got for it (but I got lost in the sauce of whatever the current conversation is about, hope it helps)
also my progress now has reduced the integral to evaluating the remaining $$\int_{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\ln^{3}\left(x\right)}{1-x}dx$$
zeta theta beta eta
\begin{align*}
I &= \int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)\ln\left(1+x\right)}{1+x}dx \
&= \int_{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(\frac{x}{1-x}\right)\ln\left(\frac{1}{1-x}\right)}{\frac{1}{1-x}}\frac{1}{\left(1-x\right)^{2}}dx \
&= \int_{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\left(\ln^{2}\left(x\right)-2\ln\left(x\right)\ln\left(1-x\right)+\ln^{2}\left(1-x\right)\right)\ln\left(1-x\right)}{x-1}dx \
&= \underbrace{\int_{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)\ln\left(1-x\right)}{x-1}dx}{=K,;\text{Domain split with }x \to 1-x}+2\underbrace{\int{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\ln\left(x\right)\ln^{2}\left(1-x\right)}{1-x}dx}{\text{I.B.P.}}-\int{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\ln^{3}\left(1-x\right)}{1-x}dx \
&= -\left(\int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)\ln\left(1-x\right)}{1-x}dx-\underbrace{\int_{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(1-x\right)\ln\left(x\right)}{x}dx}{\text{I.B.P.}}\right)-\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{\pi^{4}}{15}+\underbrace{\int{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\ln^{3}\left(x\right)}{1-x}dx}{x \to 1-x}\right)-\frac{5}{12}\ln^{4}\left(2\right) \
&= -\left(\int{0}^{1}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)\ln\left(1-x\right)}{1-x}dx-\frac{1}{2}\ln^{4}\left(2\right)-\underbrace{\int_{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)\ln\left(1-x\right)}{1-x}dx}{K}\right)-\frac{2\pi^{4}}{45}-\frac{2}{3}\int{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\ln^{3}\left(x\right)}{1-x}dx-\frac{5}{12}\ln\left(2\right)^{4} \
&= -\left(\frac{1}{2}\underbrace{\int_{0}^{1}\frac{\ln^{2}\left(x\right)\ln\left(1-x\right)}{1-x}dx}{I_1}-\frac{1}{4}\ln^{4}\left(2\right)\right)-\frac{2}{3}\int{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\ln\left(x\right)^{3}}{1-x}dx-\frac{2\pi^{4}}{45}-\frac{5}{12}\ln^{4}\left(2\right) \
&= \frac{\pi^{4}}{360}-\frac{2}{3}\int_{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\ln^{3}\left(x\right)}{1-x}dx-\frac{2\pi^{4}}{45}-\frac{1}{6}\ln^{4}\left(2\right)\
\end{align*}
zeta theta beta eta
so yeah that's the remaining integral
i misread this mb
but I don't believe that's right
If this is correct then there is no good repersentation by usual constants. It can be expressed as Li_4(1/2) which is expressed as multiple zeta, but no simple expression through pi, zeta(n) is known for that.
Of course pi^4/120 is not correct
zeta theta beta eta
i finally got it
thanks to whoever mentioned that substitution (1 - x)/x
i cant find it
i still wonder if there can be a shorter method to this...
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mb
is your doubt cleared?
looking at that mse post I'm seeing people solve it with harmonic sums
wondering how that works
mse meme integrals? in my help channels?
💀
@grand canopy did he deadass block u?
he blocked me
i can tell cuz i couldnt put reactions on his msg
i also got into an argument with him
once is normal. twice is concidential. thrice is a pattern.
THEY BLOCKED YOU? 😭
ts (this) guy's such a clown
they lack any actual helping capacity
move on, this is neither relevant nor appropriate for a help channel
and as a matter of fact, dogpiling a user for blocking you is not appropriate anywhere in the server
So this is where u guys been lurking
hi
Hewo
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I've found the rotation matrix on the standard basis in R2
Now, I'm trying to find the rotation matrix for the basis {(sqrt2 / 2, sqrt2 / 2), (sqrt2 / 2, -sqrt2 / 2)}
I've got that the the representation of this new basis under the rotation matrix is
(sqrt2 / 2)(cos(theta)-sin(theta), cos(theta)+sin(theta) and
(sqrt2 / 2)(cos(theta)+sin(theta), -cos(theta)+sin(theta)
can i just use these two vectors as the columns of a matrix and that is the rotation matrix for this new basis?
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i dont really get
why rhs > lhs
i dont get how they get the rhs either, but i know how they did it
i integrated it and got 2e^sqrtx with limits n and 1
and then they did that integral + y when x=n
heres the mark scheme
So you don't understand how rhs>lhs? Is that all?
yep
You see RHS is the the integration of the function which gives us the area under the given curve within x=1 and n
While LHS we are considering rectangles and adding their areas for example the first rectangle comes between x=1 and x=2
So the area would be the value of the function at this point (length) times the breadth(unit)
Now while adding the rectangles notice that few strips of areas are omitted out but while doing the integration it is considered, so RHS>LHS
Yup excluded
These highlighted areas are excluded whole calculating the area of the rectangles
is it because when i integrate for n limit i still have a triangle left
ik its smth to do w induction
Lol
one more rectangle is not covered in the integral
x = 1 to x = n is spaned by n-1 rectangles
n th rectangle goes from x = n to n + 1
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hey could someone tell me the area for this question
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If thats your work which is there it is correct , it is 10 ab
Yes it is correct
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How does that integral not depend on x?
the theorem statement is "if the integral is independent of path in D, then F is a conservative vector field on D"
so we assume the integral is independent of the path, and since its value doesn't change regardless of the path taken, the value is constant wrt x
then why don't the C2 integrals doesn't goes to zero when differentiated wrt x?
@steel cedar Has your question been resolved?
I also still don't understand what it means to differentiate it wrt x
Is it because we specifically ask it to be a horizontal line?
While C1 is arbitrary?
(x,y) are the coordinates of a point
the path (a,b) to (x_1, y) doesn't change if you change the variable x
but the path C2 does since it's from (x_1, y) to (x, y)
Like slide it along x?
no
we define a function f(x,y) = integral bla bla
and we differentiate it with respect to x
here (x,y) is a point that is the end point of C2
but there is no "x" in (a,b) or (x_1, y)
x is the name of the variable
let me rewrite it more clearly because x and y are ambiguous
Sure"
let
$$
f(p,q) = \int_{(a,b)}^{(p,q)} \bf{F}\cdot d \bf{r}
$$
then we differentiate $f$ wrt $p$
artemetra
yes
does it make more sense now?
partially
ok
then i'll continue
the paths become $C_1: (a,b) \to (p_1, q)$ and $C_2: (p_1, q)\to(p,q)$
artemetra
and as you can see the first one does not depend on p
so the integral is constant over C_1 and doesn't change if p changes
like it's literally not part of the endpoints
thus the derivative wrt p is 0
okay, that part is clear now, but what does differentiate the C2 integral wrt x really represent?
I mean wrt p
that means you move point (p,q) to another point (p+small distance, q)
wait no let me reread
yes it's how the integral changes when you move (p,q) a bit along the x-axis (or the p-axis i guess)
So umm, slide it along x (infitely small)
yup
Alright! That's it i guess
awesome
Tysm!

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what does w.r.t. mean?
with respect to.
in the case of derivatives, the chosen variable (like dx, or dt, or whatever) is the variable being differentiated with respect to.
e.g.: dy/dx is the derivative of y wrt x.
thanks
anything else you would like to ask?
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Show that Cantor set C ⊂ [0, 1] contains no closed interval [a, b] with a < b
i have no clue how I'd start
I know an open interval is one, for which we have an open ball of positive radius centred at each element in the intetrval and closed is not open
so I am guessing we proceed by contradiction
oddly stated question, it suffices to show that C contains no open interval (a,b)
which is how it's usually worded
closed no?
[a,b] itself contains (a,b)
well if it contained [a,b] it would contain (a,b)
ah yeah
show that if a,b are two points in the cantor set with a < b, then one of the open intervals excluded when constructing the cantor set lies in [a,b]
so if I have the excluded intervals as $\cup_{n \in \mathbb{N}} J_n$ then I just show some $J_k \in [a,b]$ and use the general expression for these $J_n$s?
ginny
$\subset$, not $\in$, but otherwise yes
Bungo
yeah mb
there's also a simpler argument involving basic lebesgue measure theory but i'm guessing you aren't doing measure theory here?
the essence of the argument is that the cantor set has length zero and any nonempty open interval has nonzero length
so the cantor set can't contain such an interval
having a hard time with this, I have to show that an arbitrary element of this supposed interval J_k is in [a,b] as well, how would I do that though/
I think (2n+1)/(2*3^k) is never in the cantor set
Its not in J_(k+1)
Maybe this can be proven with induction
hold up, J_k for me is the excluded portion
Yeah
if that number isn't in the cantor set nor in J_{k+1} then where is it omg😭
Oh sorry, it IS in J_(k+1)
Then it suffices to find (2n+1)/(2*3^k) in (a, b)
so we essentially find k and n in terms of a and b ?
We probably have to use denseness or something
Make k large enough that the distance between (2n+1)/(2*3^k) and (2(n+1)+1)/(2*3^k) is less than b-a
I wonder if theres a more elegant proof
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Let f be a real valued continues, monotone function.
Then is the following true?
The number of points where f is not differentiable is a Null Set (with respect to the Lebesgue measure)
what do you think?
I think it should be true
I'm not even sure continuous is necessary
@uneven sandal Has your question been resolved?
yea it’s not necessary
well
if the domain is connected it’s not necessary
maybe still not necessary for disconnected domains but i don’t have a proof of that in mind
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I am working on quadratic equations and I came across this equation that I dont know how to solve: x^2 = 1/2(5x+12)
Theres also a second one: x+(2/x)=-9/2
Im stuck on how to start
I dont know where to start working on these
ping me if someone sees this and is here to help (im doing other questions)
oh hi
What do you know about solving a quadratic equation
I have learnt the cross method
where you use the x with the square and the c value to make up bx
kinda like x^2 - 3x -18 = 0
and then u do the thing
Alright let's solve the first equation. Rearrange it for me first so it's a simplified trinomial equal to zero
x^2 - 5x/2 - 6 = 0 (this is the point where i got stuck on)
don't forget to change the sign of the constant
yes so we have a rational term here (I.E. not an integer) do you know how to complete the square or use the quadratic formula?
I have learnt kinda how to use completing the square but its really annoying and a lot of the time I cant get it to work
i havent learnt the quad formula just yet :0
alright well can you try completing the square for me I'll help
k
The quadratic formula isn't necessary here.
so is the first step halving the coefficient of x and then squaring it?
(5x/4)^2
so it becomes that
and then -6
= that again?
(5x/4)^2 -6 = (5x/4)^2
yes and make sure to move the constant to the other side
But doesnt this become strange though?
because we're saying that a = a-6
which technically shouldnt be right
uhh
we're just moving the constant term to the right side
and then adding (b/2)^2 to both sides
(5x/4)^2 = (5x/4)^2 - 6
okay ill take you back to the previous steps
thx
we rearrange the equation to x^2 - 5x/2 = 6
(I've moved the six back because we need it that way if we are completing the square)
ye
then as you figured out we add 25/16
(or (5x/4)^2 )
to both sides
and sorry i made a mistake, and this may be what's causing the issue
we are taking the coefficient of b not the whole term
so that's adding (5/4)^2
so we add that to both sides
does the 5x/2 stay on the LHS?
yes it does we were just creating a value to add to the equation using b
oo k
I'm sure you know how to factor out x^2 - 5x/2 + 25/16?
I have been using the cross method but i feel like this would be hard
because fraction
what's easy about this part is we have already figured out what the binomial term would be
when we calculated b/2 to be 5/4
can you factor this for me now?
(x + k)^2 = x^2 + 2kx + k^2
i think i have seen this somehwere...
im not familiar with it
but
i think i can se it
so it becomes (x+25/16)^2?
close we don't square it in the factored form because it has yet to be squared in the binomial
(x + k)^2 = (x + k)(x + k) = (x * x) + (x * k) + (k * x) + (k * k)
since it's a perfect square we can also use the (x + k)^2 form
and to clarify k is 25/16?
k is the square root of 25/16
remember the middle term is negative so your sign here is wrong
I know what you're trying to write and the answer is yes
so can you write out the factored form
#help-49 message
you were close here
uhh
Im not sure what else to do tho
becuase if its that then what else would there be?
to make sure we're on the same page can you write out the equation that we have at this point
I am kind of confused where we are
to clarify we're not even looking at the RHS right now?
we'll bring that back in when you get this right
you got to this point and i told you the sign of sqrt(25/16) was wrong
yes the bracket looks weird but yes
oh lol
so now you have (x - 5/4)^2
yes now that we've completed the square try solving the whole equation for x.
(x - 5/4)^2 = 6 + 25/16
(x−5/4)^2=121/16
thats the first step
and then...
take the root of both sides?
yes
yes
oh and then i just solve it by moving -5/4 over
ok
that makes sense now
Thank you for your help :)\
yeah sure
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In a three player game of nim, assume players a and b will try to make themselves win, and if not, try to make the other win, while player c will only try to make themselves win, (we count a win for players a and b as the same win) is there any game in which the outcome would be different from a game of two player nim where one player goes twice in a row
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@gilded jolt Has your question been resolved?
@gilded jolt Has your question been resolved?
So probability?
yeah, in an N game with the solo player going first; they reach 0, teammate 1 disturbs it, teammate 2 returns to 0
What about games with nim stacks, like the 3 2 2 game
Wait
That just the sum of 2 player games, which is 2 players
Right?
(1 2) works; solo reaches (1 1), teammates take both stacks
Alright
I guess it's not nim anymore because one side has access to moves the other doesn't
e.g. the solo player can't take from two different stacks on the same turn
hence not impartial
hmm, i supose
so its a partial two player game practicaly
I think that’s all I need
Thanks!
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.I don't speak Tamil but that looks like gibberish to me
.alright np man
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I'm doing the first question
Which asks is the function injective?
Its a real function
So I first chosed x,y \in R
And assumed f(x)=f(y)
And I found that there is another case which is the invert of x
Is my work correct?
Yep
Do you understand injection from this, by the way?
idk
The definition?
I guess ,it's just that 2 functions having the same image should have the same x
image as in f(x)
So 2 distincts x , can't give the same value
Yes exactly
Different inputs must always give different outputs
And you got the opposite
You found that $f\left(\frac{1}{x}\right) = f(x)$
USS-Enterprise
But we know $x \neq \frac{1}{x}$
USS-Enterprise
Yep
👍
So for surjectivity , it means theres always a f(x)=y
Meaning for every y , there's an antecedent x
So how would we find if it is surjective
Assume f(x)=y and solve ?
yup
Sure
But what am I solving for ?
x
,, 2x = y + yx^2
criRata
the lack of blackboard bold font in R is bothering me
Why not?
Get everything to one side and you've got a quadratic in x
you can, it's a quadratic in x
it'll be in terms of y
you can find its discriminant assuming that's legal for you to do
Just solved the quadratic
Right we've got $yx^2 - 2x + y = 0$
USS-Enterprise
?
I meant that I've did a mistake
Ah
So we'd have delta= 4(1-y^2)
Yes
is delta always positive
Nope
then what can we conclude
Only if y in [-1,1]
Nice
wait f is obvi not surjective bc it goes to 0 on both sides
correct conclusion wrong reasoning
a function can have limits at ±infty equal to 0 and still be surjective onto R
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ok but not if it's continuous and defined on all of R
Ann just hasn't mastered telepathy like me yet 😒
dunno if that was sarcastic or genuine but ok
saluting should be genuine XD
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is the answer pie/3? since i wrote sin 2pie/3 as pie/pie/3 which becomes pie/3 so is the answer none of these?
yes the value is pi/3
btw it's pi, not 🥧
mbmb i always type pi as pie
now im hungry 😭
habit worth breaking
also i think you meant pi minus pi/3
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