🔒 cannot access local variable 'time' where it is not associated with a value

[lyric crane]

@main sable

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[mortal geyser]

Follow this instructions first

[main sable]

mb , done

[kindred notch]

you need time to be a global variable

[mortal geyser]

You need to add global time in the start of the function

[signal swallow]

It's exactly as it says. You're trying to use time in a function but it was created outside of that function so it cannot be accessed.

[main sable]

but the for loop has the functions enclosed tho

[mortal geyser]

So python know it's a global variable, not local variable

[signal swallow]

As the others have said, you can use a global variable.

[kindred notch]

A function can read a variable that is from another scope, but cannot write on it

[mortal geyser]

And the for loop isn't an enclosure, but the function is

[kindred notch]

unless you specify it is the global one you use and not a new variable you create

[signal swallow]

That doesn't change anything. The time variable was made outside of the functions, so it cannot be accessed.

The scoping for variables in Python is very specific.

[main sable]

so if i enclose the for loop with func and then put the variables in the scope of the function , it will work

[main sable]

ah that makes sense

[kindred notch]

just use global

[main sable]

cant i just define the variables outside of the loop instead of bothering with global?

[kindred notch]

same problem

[signal swallow]

If they're defined out of the function you want to use them in, it won't work.

They must be either prefaced with global or initialised within the function.

or you can use arguments

Like for example

time = 0
def function_name(time):
    blah

function_name(time)

[rocky willow]

then the variable inside the function will be different from the one outside even though they have the same name

[signal swallow]

Variables are scope-specific, so having the same name doesn't mean anything in different scopes.

[mortal geyser]

!e

class A:
    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 0
a = A()

def fn1():
    a # fine

def fn2():
    global a
    a # fine but not required 

def fn3():
    a = a # not fine: python detect variable overwrite, therefore `a` is local variable, but `a` doesn't exist in local

def fn4():
    global a
    a = a # fine: you told python it's global

def fn5():
    a.a = a.a # fine: you are just reading `a` even tho you are overwriting `a.a`

for i,fn in enumerate([fn1,fn2,fn3,fn4,fn5], start=1):
    try:
        fn()
        print(f"fn{i} fine")
    except UnboundLocalError:
        print(f"fn{i} not fine")

[lyric crane]

:white_check_mark: Your 3.13 eval job has completed with return code 0.

001 | fn1 fine
002 | fn2 fine
003 | fn3 not fine
004 | fn4 fine
005 | fn5 fine

[mortal geyser]

Basically introduction to global, local scope

!e

class A:
    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 0
a = A()

def fn1():
    a # not fine
    a = A() # this makes python believe `a` is a local variable in compile time

def fn2():
    a # not fine
    if False:
        a = A() # not fine: even if it never happen, how python decide it's local or global at compile time, so `a` is still local

def fn3():
    a
    a.a = a.a # fine: you are just reading `a` even tho you are overwriting `a.a`, so it can be global and isn't in local

def fn4():
    a = A()
    a.a = 1 # This only modify the local version of `a`, and doesn't affect global 

def fn5():
    print(a.a) # as seen, perfectly fine and still `0`

def fn6():
    a.a = 1 # Since there are no local version of `a` and python haven't decided that it's local, you are editing the global version of `a`. 

def fn7():
    print(a.a) # Here you go this give 1

for i,fn in enumerate([fn1,fn2,fn3, fn4, fn5, fn6, fn7], start=1):
    try:
        fn()
        print(f"fn{i} fine")
    except UnboundLocalError:
        print(f"fn{i} not fine")

[lyric crane]

:white_check_mark: Your 3.13 eval job has completed with return code 0.

001 | fn1 not fine
002 | fn2 not fine
003 | fn3 fine
004 | fn4 fine
005 | 0
006 | fn5 fine
007 | fn6 fine
008 | 1
009 | fn7 fine

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