unix

[harsh owl]

cool, i think that pgadmin natively supports ssh based connection. so on your laptop, you would connect to your vps over ssh with something like this guide; https://medium.com/3-elm-erlang-elixir/faq-how-to-connect-pgadmin4-to-db-through-ssh-tunnel-with-public-key-authentication-b351750c20be

[torn forge]

thank you so much I will check that link out

this is what the shh looks like

[harsh owl]

the way to test it before that is with the command line ssh command, you will need to be able to successfully ssh into your vps before you start any pgadmin configuration

basically you'd get the ssh proxy (tunnel) up and running, as any config there wouldnt work without that

[torn forge]

i will check out that article and give it a shot thank you

[main olive]

hello

can anybody help me

[wise forge]

I can't say no to a pink pony, what's up?

[main olive]

Have you heard of gpt-neo? It's an open source model with similar architecture to gpt3
I was fine tuning the model upon some netflix movie scripts, and in the middle of my training it stopped and terminal spouted out 'killed0:01'. It seems I ran out of RAM! I tried to enable swap space, but nothing's working. I'm all out, and my computer is totally frozen.

[wise forge]

do you have SSD?

what is your operational system?

[main olive]

yes I have an ssd, I'm on debian buster

[wise forge]

desktop/server?

[main olive]

desktop

[wise forge]

https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-add-swap-space-on-debian-10/
it looks like a working guide for your case
try first command to check if you have swap enabled and which size

sudo swapon --show

[main olive]

I have no swap on and I can't enable swap space because my computer is frozen I can't do anything

[wise forge]

well, I guess it is too late for anything then

reboot PC then

and hope you will not break your file system

[main olive]

wait, I'm rebooting

[wise forge]

wait a second

from where are you writing?

from PC?

or from another PC/phone?

[main olive]

another phone

[wise forge]

all right

proceed with reboot then

[main olive]

wait

I can't reboot

[wise forge]

emergency reboot?

[main olive]

!!it's not turning back on

[wise forge]

what?

[main olive]

i shut it down and logged out, but when I try to turn it on again, nothing happens!

[wise forge]

can you be more specific?

anyway.
you can always load LIVE OS installer to your USB

run in LIVE mod, save all your files, if necessary

[main olive]

the screen just stays black, it doesn't turn on

[wise forge]

and reinstall properly OS with swap enabled

[wise forge]

can you enable UEFI?

[main olive]

oo! lemme try

no, just a back screen
I'm beginning to panic

[wise forge]

which model your PC/laptop?

and what is it PC or laptop

[main olive]

laptop

[wise forge]

(dell, HP, what is it?)

[main olive]

it's actually a chromebook
HP chromebook
but I used a script called "crouton" to install linux on my chromebook

[wise forge]

try rebooting with continuisly pressing F11

[main olive]

not working

😦

i'm done for

[wise forge]

F1, F2, ESC,DEL, F8,F10, F11,F12 randomly?

[main olive]

Not workig at all

Even a hard reset isn't working!!!

I'm done for

bye

[wise forge]

huh.

don't panic

[wise forge]

holding Alt+PrintScr and typeing "REISUB"?

weird.

UEFI/BIOS should be working anyway

as long as hardware is all right

[wise forge]

shrugs
I usually always made swap sectors during OS installation

[wise forge]

I think he is not available due to stress though

[main olive]

hello, is there a way how to create fake S.M.A.R.T data of virtual disk in Linux?

[dusk knoll]

e

[main olive]

i was on a chromebook

btw it worked

I did it

I opened it up and got all my data securely

[wise forge]

great

[tulip perch]

wait u can install linux on chromebook?

ik u can enable linux

but can u replace chrome os with linux?

[gray coral]

Hello help me

I wanted to format time_total variable in order to get number only four digits after period

[main olive]

how is that related to python

[gray coral]

unix

[main olive]

yeah but how is it related to python

[gray coral]

json

[main olive]

huh

this channel isnt just for unix help its for unix help related to python

maybe ask in an offtopic channel

[gray coral]

unix + dictionary

[main olive]

no, not replace. And I didn't just enable linux, that installs a container. I built the wole operating system with a script called 'crouton'

[tulip perch]

Ok thanks

[main olive]

u r welcome

[glass oyster]

hey guys i am new to ubuntu infact i just installed it today
i am having trouble with screen tearing can you all help me

[main olive]

@glass oyster don't ask to ask, just ask

[lavish storm]

poke into xrandr

[tender plinth]

Hello , does anyone know what the alternative for stdlib's exit() function is in linux kernel module programming?

[west salmon]

Does anyone know have to have tmux automatically run a script (e.g poetry run python main.py) on startup? (I have tmux continuum that lets tmux auto-restart if my system reboots, but it doesn't run the script or start in the same directory as the script)

[robust cave]

@west salmon can you instead of running tmux on boot, run a script on boot that runs tmux and runs the script in tmux using tmux send-keys?

[shut tusk]

Hey

In Ubuntu, when I execute apt install <package> , then from where is the package downloaded?

Like, is there any repository like AUR for Ubuntu?

[harsh owl]

it pulls from source.list files, which have http, https, ftp (usually https) urls

there are non-official repos kind like aur, called ppa's

[shut tusk]

Oh

[harsh owl]

though its a mess of snap nowadays, im less familiar with that. this may help: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/CommandLine

[shut tusk]

So, in source.list , there is http links for every package ?

[harsh owl]

basically, theres usually one that pulls in package lists of the binary .deb packaged files, and deb-src lines to get the source + packaging glue

[shut tusk]

Ohk

Thanks

[harsh owl]

np. debian works the same way.

[storm trellis]

Hi all, I am not sure if this is a Raspian/Linux specific question but after a countless number of hours I have finally gotten my Python script running at boot using the crontab and a shell command to invoke a Pi file. I had to change multiple directories and essentially reinstall Python on my Pi, but my question is my Script runs perfectly fine from the terminal, but when booting the Pi up I get no response from my endless Python loop. From the error logs, the module pynput is unable to start as the error is within the library of pynput itself. I do not get this error whatsoever running from terminal. I have also invoked a sleep command from crontab and within my script to wait for the Pi to fully boot to no avail. Could someone please offer some input on this? thanks

[harsh owl]

Farid: i would maybe start the job in a screen session you can resume later to see whats going on.

[storm trellis]

sorry i dont understand?

[harsh owl]

so like this basically; https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/47279

it'll start a screen session (which is like tmux), execute the command, then hang around after executing. then you can resume the screen session and see what it did

[storm trellis]

thanks ill try that

[west salmon]

I'll give this a wirl thank you

[half dagger]

@shut tusk Yea so that is python 3.8.5

for me

on ubuntu 20.04

[shut tusk]

Ohk

So I guess I have to remove 2,7 and 3.6

Ya mine is 20.04 too

[half dagger]

well if you don't have anything installed that depends on python2 you can remove it

[shut tusk]

Ya

I dont think i ever installed 2.7 . Maybe it came by default

[half dagger]

I don't think so it comes preinstalled on 20.04

[harsh owl]

i didnt think so either

[half dagger]

but leave it there might be some programs that depend on it

[shut tusk]

Ok

[finite crater]

Ultimately what I want is for the directory to appear without the green background/light blue text that I cant read. I believe this is due to write permissions available to all users.

$ sudo chmod o-w handmedown
$ ls -l

drwxrwxrwx  1 shaen shaen 8192 Apr 30 09:57 handmedown

$ cat /etc/fstab | grep "handmedown"

UUID=B4288EE6288EA6C8    /mnt/handmedown ntfs-3g umask=0000,uid=1000,gid=1000,defaults,windows_names 0 0

Whats the deal here.

$ sudo umount /dev/sdb4

$ sudo chmod og-w handmedown/
$ ls -l
drwxr-xr-x  2 shaen shaen 4096 Nov 30 17:35 handmedown
$ sudo mount -a
$ ls -l
drwxrwxrwx  1 shaen shaen 8192 Apr 30 09:57 handmedown

it has to do with the fstab config

Basically any ntfs drive i mount seems to do this.

(I just wanat to be able to read my directory names lol)

rw,users,noauto,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=022 0 0

this worked

[crimson thistle]

Hi guys! How can I turn "text" into a fully functioning private key? 😄

[summer trail]

try umask=007 in /etc/fstab and see if that shuts it up

[frigid solar]

python2 support has been removed, so there shouldn't be any programs dependent on it

[finite crater]

rw,users,uid=1000,gid=1000,umask=022 got it stop complaining with the colors and set correct permissions.
tbh I think I had a typo in the original config or something. Or maybe was using one too many wrong keywords.

[half dagger]

Yea exactly cuz it doesn't come preinstalled so i thought he might be using something related to it

[finite crater]

Right now im currently moving 565G from external drive partition to other partition on same device. Its taking forever..

/dev/sdd1       916G  565G  305G  65% /media/toshi-ext4
/dev/sdd2       932G  331G  602G  36% /media/toshi-ntfs

im tired of not having access to ext4 on windows and tired of having to split my drives in half for both. It makes a mess, a lot of duplicates, etc.

Are there any repercussions for just using ntfs drives for majority of storage on Linux? I know you have to be tricky about mounting them with the correct permissions and such.

wish this drive was ssd

[storm trellis]

hey anyone know why pynput module fails to load on startup but works perfectly fine form terminal session?

is gives me: failed to aquire X connection...cant connect to display ":0", no protocol specified

Pi running Raspbian i should mention

[finite crater]

are both of these needed in .zshrc? I see mention of $FPATH and $fpath in docs.

export FPATH=$HOME/.zshfn:$FPATH
fpath=( ~/.zshfn "${fpath[@]}" )

topic: autoloading zsh functions

They seem to be literally the same but docs seems to mention both at the same time

$FPATH / $fpath

is commonly said

[rain spoke]

hello linux

[tender plinth]

Hello , I've wanted to build a specific version of the GNU lib (not glibc) , the docs suggest using a gnulib tool , can someone with experience suggest me a source which I can use to build GNU lib for ubuntu?

[storm trellis]

how would i close a program gracefully not killing it? i use kill but that just forcefully shuts it down and ruins everything

I just need it to be equivalent to pressing the 'x' key on the top right

[warped nimbus]

Send it SIGTERM instead of SIGKILL

I thought pkill uses sigterm by default anyway

[languid fern]

not that good, but just a cli wallpaper engine for lincox based systems

[storm trellis]

thanks, I circumvented this problem by adding --norestore to the shell command

so killing it abruptly has no effect, as the file is being redownloaded from the server every time it is opened. I am happy

so, I used sudo kill -2 <PID>

[main olive]

Hi, so you used kill -2 <PID>? What other commands will accomplish the result? Also what does the -2 do?

For Farid.

[warped nimbus]

-2 is the code for SIGINT

As far as I know it basically has the same effect as SIGTERM in most cases; it's mainly a semantic difference

[storm trellis]

Hey so the -2 is a specifier as to what way Linux should "kill" the process

Type man kill in your terminal for the documentation

My code essentially downloads a sideshow file from a server, and presents it automatically. The kill command closes the application but does so forcibly

What exactly are you trying to accomplish btw?

[kind zinc]

Dumb question but why not sys.exit(0)? Does it have to be a signal ?

You could also set up a signal handler to catch your specific program and then quit it

*specific signal

[main olive]

What?

[kind zinc]

If you want to send a signal to your program to end it you can set up a signal handler that catches it and then define the code sequence to close it, as example sys.exit() which should gracefully end it

https://docs.python.org/3/library/signal.html

[storm trellis]

Because I'm not closing the script, I am closing a running application in Linux

[foggy quiver]

anyone know why i keep timing out on minecraft servers? it only happens on linux. im on pop os

[summer trail]

zsh allows making an shell array variable that is kept in sync with a colon separated array. See the "Other path-like things" section of http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Guide/zshguide02.html

and the formal docs for that feature are described along with the typeset builtin in https://linux.die.net/man/1/zshbuiltins

[formal schooner]

i recommend always using the array versions w/ zsh

so much nicer to work with

[finite crater]

Weird but cool

tbh, I think what is nicer to work with is just as little shell scripting as you possibly can do. Its absolute madness and is more prone to errors unexpected behavior than anything ive ever done in my life.

But sometimes its just simple and fast enough to be the obvious solution

[formal schooner]

fwiw zsh helps make it a lot less chaotic

the behavior of parameter expansion is so much more sensible

it almost turns zsh syntax into a nice "stringly typed" scripting language, rather than the chaotic dumpster fire of bash scripting (or worse, "posix" shell scripting)

i/o redirection is still the killer feature that can't be easily replicated in python (although it'd be super cool if someone wrote an i/o redirection library for python subprocesses, i'm too stupid to do all the file descriptor stuff myself)

[burnt flax]

difference with zsh and fish and bash?

[formal schooner]

Zsh is like the good parts of Bash and Ksh with its own improvements added. Fish is a totally different syntax, more like Lua that any traditional-Unix-inspired shell.

Fish seems really really nice but I haven't used it much

[burnt flax]

:blink:

could you give some example commands 😅

[formal schooner]

of which? zsh?

print the absolute path of the directory containing the currently-running script to stderr...
...bash:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
1>&2 echo "$(dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")")"

...zsh:

#!/usr/bin/env zsh
print -u2 ${0:h:a}

oops! you're on mac and readlink doesn't support -f! oops, you forgot that if $0 starts with - then readlink will think it's an option!

it's so, so, so much better if the shell does all this stuff for you instead of having to rely on external programs

also, note the ridiculous triple-nested quoting in the bash version

[tender plinth]

Hello , I've been trying to build gnu lib , according to the docs , I've used the alternate method of building by using ./gnulib-tool --create-testdir --source-base=lib --dir=/tmp/posixlib `./posix-modules , after that the docs say u can directly use the lib to compile any program using -I.../posixlib/lib but my posixlib directory doesnt have the lib folder even after configuring and making it , anyone with some experience in this?

[short sapphire]

is it okay to ask unix/ubuntu related question here(which might have very little to do with python)?

[frigid solar]

yeah, go ahead!

[short sapphire]

Thanks, you guys are really welcoming!
I am using a systemd service to start a script at boot and it is causing some issues, but works fine when I manually do it via shell. I'm adding link to question which has more details to avoid writing a long post here and spam: https://askubuntu.com/questions/1336010/using-systemd-services-to-launch-programs-at-boot-can-view-topics-nodes-but-can

[summer trail]

For completeness, the bash/ksh version can't handle a directory whose name ends in a newline.

[formal schooner]

i didn't even know that, ew

[summer trail]

Yeah, $() eats trailing newlines

Writing an sh script that works in the presence of adversary-controlled filenames is so difficult as to be nearly impossible

[formal schooner]

i really just wish operating systems would constrain filenames and be done with it

no newlines, no ascii control characters, no null bytes

add a linux kernel parameter for it, if it's off use the legacy "unencoded bytes", if it's on assume utf-8 with those restrictions in place

[summer trail]

Hell, an incremental step where filenames must be UTF-8 but can contain any character except / and null would be a huge help

I believe OS X (or maybe HFS+?) already imposes the limitation that all filenames must be Unicode, I wish Linux would too

Though I suppose that needs to come with a performance cost, since now the filesystem driver can't just trust the bytes stored in the directory entries and now must validate that they're UTF-8

[formal schooner]

valid, although again i think a kernel option parameter for it (or filesystem driver parameter) would be be fine

the small % of people who need that extra 1% performance can turn it off

[gray marsh]

Does anybody code on linux?

[inland gulch]

Yup, I code on Linux and mac

[gray marsh]

Nice

[jolly kite]

I installed Linux in September, and spend weeks / months between windows boots

very little I do on there anymore, certain games require it, but I don't really play game anymore, another benefit of Linux, the good games are supported, Factorio, Rimworld what more do you need

[jolly kite]

I much prefer programming on Linux as well, eveyrthing is simpler, got an RPi recently and from what I'v read, SSH isn't just ssh pi@IP from the terminal

the more linux I learn, the more I love linux

Windows was always a hassle to learn, Linux is fun

Seems like common sense, not red tape, runs the show

[wise forge]

Switched to linux few weeks ago, and already feel myself comfortable like I am there for ages.

It is wonderful for web development in my opinion

The only times when I switch back to windows... when I am occasionally neediig compiling c++ for windows and testing there

But when I would be not lazy, I ll install Windows to virtual machine

[dapper musk]

only in linux. programing in windows is pain

[wise forge]

+1
having linux I had no problem to test my website in local postgres before deploy

it would be not that easy in windows

scratch those graphical useless installers

console brings much more information and control over what is going on

with testing everything in Desktop Ubuntu before deploying to Server Ubuntu

I have assurance, that everything will work in exactly the same way

[dapper musk]

yes GUI interfaces if done incorectly are awful

for example windows loading bar. it is useless AF it servers exacly not purpouse. console logs ouput to screen ftw

[gray marsh]

Nice I code on linux too.

[gray marsh]

Good for you.

[wicked sonnet]

Is this Unix group still active? [edit] Yes it is.

I'm happy i found this 😄

[amber garnet]

.topic

[junior fjord]

**What's your favorite Bash command?**

Suggest more topics here!

[amber garnet]

fish lol

[wise forge]

mc

[opaque ginkgo]

raises pitchfork

[green iron]

Hey anyone

My ubuntu gui isn't there after boot

Can anyone please help

[summer trail]

One of your filesystems is completely full. What does df -h show?

[green iron]

@summer trail

[summer trail]

so your root filesystem is full. Not good.

well, you'll need to free up some space, so a good starting point would be:

du -sk /* | sort -n

to figure out where most of your space is being used... we'll try to find something safe to delete...

[green iron]

Okay thanks

[summer trail]

that'll probably take a long time to run, fair warning.

[green iron]

Ohh

Okay

[summer trail]

in fact, ctrl-c that and do this instead:

du -xsk /* | sort -n

that should be faster, and will only look at the root filesystem instead of all the stuff in /home

while that's running, I bet you can get a second terminal window with ctrl-alt-f2 - can you?

[green iron]

Ok

[summer trail]

if you can get another window, I'd be curious what you see from ```sh
du -sh /tmp /var/tmp

[green iron]

This says can't access

[green iron]

60k

[summer trail]

should have printed two lines

[green iron]

Wait I'll send pics

[summer trail]

when I run it I get:

31M     /tmp
4.0K    /var/tmp

[green iron]

I just got var/temp

Oh wait

Sorry

It's 92k and 60k

[summer trail]

ok, neither of those are very big...

[green iron]

This is the first command

[summer trail]

that's way too blurry to read, but what's the last line?

[green iron]

/home

[summer trail]

ok. /home is on a different filesystem, so we can discount that one.

next highest is /root - it's weird for that to be so big, so the next thing I want to see is

du -xsk /root/* | sort -n

your / filesystem is 28GB, and the /root directory - the root user's home directory - is taking up 8.7 GB. That's weird.

[frigid solar]

is this the first time you moved to ubuntu?

[green iron]

Yeah 👀

[summer trail]

ah, actually - that command I gave isn't gonna work...

instead:

sudo sh -c "du -xsk /root/* | sort -n"

that should.

[green iron]

Ok

[summer trail]

any idea what that is?

let's extend my original command, actually, because we're missing 3 GB there somewhere:

sudo sh -c "du -xsk /root/* /root/.* | sort -n"

there must have been hidden files in that folder in order for 3 GB to not be included

[green iron]

Ok

[summer trail]

well hm.

ok, let's do:

sudo -s -H
cd /root
ls -la

the first one will get a root shell so we can quit it with the sudo, the second will change to that /root directory, and the third will list files and directories in it

[green iron]

Ok

[summer trail]

that "result" file - or directory, whichever it is - seems like the most likely candidate for what we're going to delete here

any idea what it is?

[green iron]

No 😬

[summer trail]

well we should try to figure that out before removing it 😄

[green iron]

Oh okay

[summer trail]

ok, it's a directory with 300-ish things in it.

cd result

and let's get another ls -la in there.

ooh, also, try du -sh /root/.cache when you have a second.

[green iron]

It has too many

[summer trail]

that'll do - a cache is definitely safe to remove.

rm -rf /root/.cache

[green iron]

Ok

Done

[summer trail]

I have no idea what those lostfiles.* directories are, but they're huge

try a

cd lostfiles.1

and then another:

ls -la

[green iron]

Ok

It has too many

[summer trail]

ah, that's helpful:

less report.xml

and screenshot the first few lines of that

it might explain what the hell we're looking at...

you must have run some tool that generated all of this

and if we figure out what tool it is, we can figure out if we can remove it all

[green iron]

Oh okay

[summer trail]

do you remember what you were doing on July 14th? 😄

[green iron]

No 😬

[summer trail]

So a "Carve Report" generated by a tool called "PhotoRec"?

does https://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec ring a bell?

[green iron]

It might

I once looked at time shift for backups

[summer trail]

do you still need any of the files it tried to recover?

[green iron]

I don't even know what those are 😬

[summer trail]

well, it looks like at some point you ran a tool designed to find deleted photos against your disk, I think

[green iron]

Ohh okay

[summer trail]

well, to find images, and it would have found both deleted and not deleted ones

if you no longer need the files that it recovered - and, if you don't know what they are, and you're the only one who uses this computer, it seems safe to assume you don't - you can remove all of them with:

cd /root
rm -rf result

[green iron]

Okay

Done

[summer trail]

then, run reboot and see if it boots properly

[green iron]

Ok

Ok it worked !!

I can see the login screen

🤠

@summer trail thank you so much for the help. You had to like babysit me with all those steps 😢😢

🙇🏻‍♀️🙇🏻‍♀️

[summer trail]

you should really get in the habit of not running things as root without knowing what they are doing, fwiw

it looks like you've run wine as root before, which is absolute madness 😄

everyone has to learn from somewhere, so take this as friendly advice - but, the only things that should ever be run as root are things that must be.

[green iron]

Oh okay. I will take note of it

Root is for very important stuff, got it

[green iron]

How do I fix this now ? 😬

[summer trail]

well, it probably didn't cause any problems - it just left some config files around

[frigid solar]

sudo -i to get into the root
and then you can do sudo apt-get --purge remove wine

[summer trail]

wait, no

that's not what we're talking about here

we're talking about the /root/.wine directory, which indicates at some point someone ran sudo wine ...

[frigid solar]

uhh, my bad

ah

[green iron]

Oh, I see

[summer trail]

which would have the effect of running some untrusted Windows program with full administrative privileges on your Linux system

which seems to be asking for trouble.

[green iron]

😦

[summer trail]

the Linux root account has more superpowers than the Windows Administrator and System accounts combined

it can do things like corrupt filesystems by writing arbitrary data directly to them.

giving things that don't need those superpowers the ability to abuse them is not a good idea.

[green iron]

Ohhh, that's too dangerous then

Let me just remove wine completely, I'll install it later if I need

How do I do that? 😬

[frigid solar]

sudo apt-get --purge remove wine would do

[green iron]

Oh okay

And that . Wine?

[frigid solar]

ummm, not sure, i think purge should remove the relative dirs too

[green iron]

Oh, okay

@summer trail thanks for the help. Now my system has enough free space

[summer trail]

at some point in the process of learning to use Linux, most people eventually manage to fuck up their system far more severely than they've ever managed to fuck up Windows

with great power comes great responsibility 😄

[frigid solar]

i have done this alot, mostly i mess up my file sytem, and end up doing a fsck

[green iron]

Yeah flexibility is a double edged sword here. Lol

I hope to get past the learning curve

[frigid solar]

hackthebox has a linux desktop on there website, networkchuck uses that for demostrating most of his videos, if you think this is not good and can mess up my system.

You can always go and try it there

[green iron]

Ohh okay 😮
thanks that's helpful

[quasi warren]

So apt-get is the older version that is backward compatible and apt is newer which is supposed to be better for end user and doesnt contain extra features that apt-get does.

How is apt-get backward compatible? Like it's compatible with older versions of linux and kernels?

And how is apt better for end user?

I actually noticed apt output is colored, but apt-get is not

https://askubuntu.com/questions/829864/is-apt-get-deprecated

[summer trail]

apt-get is backwards compatible in the sense that tools written to call it 20 years ago still work, and documentation about how to call it is still valid

Backwards compatibility is a very big thing in the Linux world, because Linux is very heavily used by enterprises and on servers, where you very much don't want to rewrite things that are working just because something slightly better comes along

[quasi warren]

Yeah, I agree backward compatibility is important. So if someone wrote a script today that would be utilized 5 to 10 years from now, would they still use apt-get?

[summer trail]

I think using apt is the modern best practice

And if apt is being recommended today even for scripting, they have every reason to believe it will still be supported in 10 years

[quasi warren]

ok that makes sense. Thanks!

[main olive]

has anyone had experience remapping key combination?

tried playing around with xbindkeys, xdotool, xvkbd, autokey but all to no avail, some issue related to the delay the way i understand it

[fresh saddle]

I think I use xkeymap to make my french qwerty keyboard

I have it part of my X launch sequence

[main olive]

did you try remapping key combinations

or do you just remap singular keys

[warped nimbus]

I've done it, mainly to change altgr combinations

Both on debian and arch

I don't have any problems

Though in my case it is implemented as a custom keyboard layout

So I set it with setxkbmap

[broken lark]

idk if this is the right place but i have an old pc i want to turn into a server. I dont want to use windows since its fairly old and i wanna suck up all the power i can from it. I'm looking at Ubuntu for it but i've never used linux before. Whats your opinion?

[formal schooner]

go with unbuntu, it will have the most support and help online, and it has a ton of packages and pretty good driver support for various hardware

but you should not use gnome

ideally you wouldnt install a desktop environment at all

but if you feel that you need one, use xfce or lxqt

so i guess xubuntu is a good choice

[broken lark]

wait ubuntu is an os right?

and not an addon or something

[formal schooner]

yes, ubuntu is an operating system based on linux

[broken lark]

oh ok

[formal schooner]

xubuntu is ubuntu with the xfce desktop

[burnt flax]

guys say i fucked up and lost files on a hard drive

how can i recover them

what software should i use to recover them

[whole jacinth]

This might help https://itsfoss.com/recover-deleted-files-linux/

[burnt flax]

cool

[main olive]

whats your config

i am trying to remap a key combination (shift_L + Escape) to a singular key (tilda)

so if you have anything resembling that as far as the combinations

it would be great

[warped nimbus]

It's explained here https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/X_keyboard_extension

It may be extra work to specifically for a key like escape, since it's not typically affected by modifiers

Looks like you'll need to edit xkb_types to set the escape key to level two.

And then I guess in the symbols you can do key <ESC> { [ Escape, Tilde ] } IDK what the exact names are but you get the idea

[sweet relic]

i'm running a build that seems to use python 2.7 and errors out and think

Couldn't find index page for 'six' (maybe misspelled?)
No local packages or working download links found for six>=1.9
error: Could not find suitable distribution for Requirement.parse('six>=1.9')

even tho I see six is installed. Any idea anyone?

$ pip show six
https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support pip 21.0 will remove support for this functionality.
Name: six
Version: 1.15.0
Summary: Python 2 and 3 compatibility utilities

[quasi warren]

Hi, I have an Ubuntu installation issue:

A bit of context. I have a dual boot windows 10 and Ubuntu. Both are on different hard drives. Ubuntu is on hhd.
It's Ubuntu 20.02.2 LTS. Kernel 5.8.0-50-generic.
I havent turned on the Ubuntu in months, so when I turned it on yesterday, it was a pretty big update. And before restarting it asked me to assign some sort of password for bios. When it restarted, on GNU GRUB, I just chose *Ubuntu and didnt get asked for password.

Now the problem is, whenever I restart or shut down Ubuntu, it gives me this error message.
end kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt

This is the GNU GRUB menu - version 2.04

And this is the end kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt error on shut down and restart

[frigid solar]

do you get a terminal there, it looks like the file system is corrupt

https://askubuntu.com/questions/1304780/ubuntu-20-04-1-end-kernel-panic-not-syncing-fatal-exception-in-interrupt

[quasi warren]

Yeah that's the post I came across also.
But the steps and the video that person linked was troubleshooting a different kernel panic issue

[quasi warren]

No, I dont get a terminal there.

[frigid solar]

uhhh, i will see if i can find anything, dunno how to solve it without a terminal

could you send a better pic, so the error is readable

press ctrl+alt+t, do you get a terminal

[quasi warren]

When I restart at GRUB menu, I would have to choose *Advanced options for Ubuntu choosing one of the kernels from there would give me access to terminal

[frigid solar]

yeah that would do too, do fsck -yf

[quasi warren]

Yeah sure I'll take a better pic and I'll also try ctl + alt + t.
I'll let you know in a second. I'll restart my system.
Where do I do fsck -yf

[frigid solar]

i ain't sure if this will work, but i had got this once, and fsck fixed it

in the terminal

advanced options

[quasi warren]

Can I use fsck -yf in normal mode in terminal when Ubuntu is on?

It probably wont work because, there are things running while Ubuntu is on.

Ok I'll restart my system and let you know.

[frigid solar]

discord.gg/ubuntu you could give a try asking here too

[quasi warren]

Yeah lol I posted my question there too and then posted it here

Ok this is a slightly better picture of that error

[frigid solar]

sudo dpkg -i, maybe you can recompiling the kernel image and the grub too, since i can see modules not found error there

[quasi warren]

ok so fsck -yf and then sudo dpkg -i

[frigid solar]

try just dpkg first

[summer trail]

I'd give sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade a shot as well

[quasi warren]

In GRUB or regular Ubuntu?

[summer trail]

Regular Ubuntu

[quasi warren]

Ok tried sudo update && upgrade, still getting that message. Will try Captain Jason's

[quasi warren]

It shows the dpkg option, so I'll choose this

[frigid solar]

yeah choose that

[quasi warren]

It couldn't download the upgrades.

[summer trail]

Do the fsck one

You can do sudo dpkg -i in a regular Ubuntu session

[quasi warren]

I'm connected to the internet through wifi. Do I have to be connected through Ethernet?

[summer trail]

Grub might not even support WiFi - I'm not sure

It's running before your real Linux distro has ever started.

[quasi warren]

Yeah I'll try this now

[frigid solar]

ah, yeah, dpkg won't work with grub 🤦‍♂️

[quasi warren]

Oh actually it worked after I did Enable networking

[frigid solar]

cool, once dpkg is ran,write exit

and see if it boots inside ubuntu or not

[quasi warren]

Yeah after doing that I did resume normal boot

I'm in Ubuntu, but maybe it's safe mode because only one monitor turned on. And when I restart. It restarts fine, but prints a log with
[Ok] ....
[Ok] ....

[frigid solar]

yeah it would do that, it should go into the ubuntu dekstop in sometime

[quasi warren]

I can't do fsck option. This is what I get when I do fsck in

[frigid solar]

restart once

dpkg should have fixed it

if not, when you go into ubuntu u will get a terminal

from where you can run fsck

[quasi warren]

Should I do update grub bootloader from here

[summer trail]

fsck will only work from grub, or from a live usb

You won't be able to do it from a running system on that system's root disk

I'd do "fsck" from there if you haven't yet

[quasi warren]

I'll do Drop to root she'll prompt and then type in fsck in the terminal it gives me

No I can't do fsck. I still get this

Ok I'll go into Ubuntu from safe mode, do update && upgrade and restart

[summer trail]

You will not be able to fsck from any shell where your filesystems are mounted

[quasi warren]

So I need to unmount, then do fsck and then mount back on again?

Oh I can't do that lol

I haven't tried it

[summer trail]

I'm not convinced fsck will be useful here at all. If the fsck option on the grub menu isn't working, I'd just forget about it.

[frigid solar]

i have disabled grub on mine, timeout is 0 and boots in ubuntu by default, then when i get file system curropt error in ablack terminal, that's where i do fsck

unmount is not necessary i think

[summer trail]

Regardless, this just doesn't seem like a filesystem error at all.

[frigid solar]

i saw modules not found error, so i told to do a fsck and dpkg

[summer trail]

It seems to be a problem with an audio driver, if I'm reading the trace right. Maybe.

I'm not entirely confident about that. But if so, it may just mean that you've picked up a bad version of a driver.

[frigid solar]

hmm, could you post a pick zoomed in on the trace?

[quasi warren]

https://ibb.co/x1R4QrN

Discord compresses the image quality, so I uploaded it here

[frigid solar]

busy right now, will have a look in sometime

[quasi warren]

Hey thanks for your help man!

Could it be a bios issue?

I'm surprised not very many people had this issue

Does it matter if in bios Secure Boot is enabled?

Because mine is enabled

[main olive]

Flashing caps lock is always a blast

update-grub might be your friend.

of course you're going to have to mount in a diff os, etc.

chroot will save your bacon for sure

[quasi warren]

What would happen if I did unmount?

https://www.tecmint.com/fsck-repair-file-system-errors-in-linux/

[main olive]

If it were me, I'd load nix on a stick, then boot from it and mount the drive and attempt to repair from there

This is the stuff thats worth ~ $70 an hour for help mate.

Not on discord for $

Otherwise I'd dive in with ya

If you don't know chroot and all that, then the question really is:
"Is the data worth my time"

^ if you say no, then rm -rf and frag out to a new system

If it is yes, then you're going to need to take a look at how much nix you really know.

[quasi warren]

I can do a fresh install and do the recommended with third party drivers and stuff.
Because I think when I installed it, I did barebone version of Ubuntu, so that might be causing issues.

[main olive]

^ If the data is not valuable, then:
Decide if the hardware is needed "right now", if not, then it is a great project to learn the deeper side of nix and Debian as a whole.

[quasi warren]

Lol I need the hardware. Maybe I'll look into nix and Debian some other time.

Actually, I have used Debian before

It was pretty barebone. It was a while back. I think I was trying to do some networking and ssh stuff on it.

[summer trail]

What actual problems is the kernel panic causing you? Is just ignoring it an option?

Seems like you can boot and run stuff, but something crashes when you shut down the computer - right?

If it only crashes at shutdown time, maybe you can get away with just ignoring it, maybe report the problem on the bug tracker, and wait to see if a package update fixes it.

[frigid solar]

unmount would unmount the file system, so fsck won't detect it ig, dunno

you can track it on hackthebox's dekstop

[dark bear]

just got this error using linux ubuntu version 5.10.17

SSL error in data received
protocol: <asyncio.sslproto.SSLProtocol object at 0x75834690>
transport: <_SelectorSocketTransport fd=7 read=polling write=<idle, bufsize=0>>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.7/asyncio/sslproto.py", line 526, in data_received
    ssldata, appdata = self._sslpipe.feed_ssldata(data)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.7/asyncio/sslproto.py", line 207, in feed_ssldata
    self._sslobj.unwrap()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.7/ssl.py", line 767, in unwrap
    return self._sslobj.shutdown()
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: KRB5_S_INIT] application data after close notify (_ssl.c:2609)

anyone any idea what it means?

[inland gulch]

Just a guess but it might could have somethin to do with this: https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/issues/3535

[tender plinth]

hello , I've been wondering if its possible to get code navigation in vim based on functions like we do in decompilers like ida , ghidra?

[untold abyss]

do we have some sort of tqdm for linux - which displays prog bar with minimal changes to commands?

[opaque ginkgo]

tqdm has Linux support

or so you mean a cli tool like pv

@untold abyss

[untold abyss]

so like if I put pv before in each command, it would get me a prog bar?

[opaque ginkgo]

you can stick pv anywhere in a pipe chain

like cat /dev/urandom | pv | cat > /dev/null

anywhere you can put cat you can put pv instead

[untold abyss]

aight. thanks a lot @opaque ginkgo 👍

Does anyone know the command to remove files ending with .png BUT NOT ending with _resized.png?? from SE I can only find the command to do the former

[foggy quiver]

I'm trying to shrink a partition and it returned exit code 1, what does that mean?

I can't go to the end of the log because each 0.01% of the "checking filesystem consistency" is a new line and I can shrink the size of it

or scroll down

I repaired filesystem and it finished instantly, I'm trying to resize again

[quasi warren]

I would be fine leaving it, but having to cold shut down the pc each time makes me wonder if it would damage the hardware. And when I want to restart the computer to boot into windows. I would have to cold shut down it.

I reinstalled Ubuntu, but the problem still persists.

[summer trail]

you cannot damage hardware that way. At worst, you could corrupt filesystems, the data stored on disk - but even that is pretty unlikely; this failure is probably happening after filesystems have been synced. As long as it's not running a disk check every time you reboot, you're probably fine.

[quasi warren]

I have actually reinstalled Ubuntu couple of times.
I did Erase Ubuntu 20 LTS and reinstall

Should I do the second option Erase Disk and install Ubuntu, if I want to completely remove the Ubuntu? Wouldnt that also remove Windows 10. Ubuntu and Windows 10 are on separate hard-drives.

[kindred basin]

No. It will only erase the selected disk

[quasi warren]

Ok finally it's resolved.

After having tried so many things this worked:
https://askubuntu.com/a/1047055

editing /etc/default/grub and added noapic

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet noapic splash"

Answer didnt have any upvotes, so I looked up noapic if it was a thing and it showed results linked to kernel.

It seems to be an Alienware thing.

Thanks @summer trail and @frigid solar for helping me and suggesting different methods.

[summer trail]

ooh, nice!

glad you got it

[muted sandal]

guys how to install c# in arch?

[warped nimbus]

Well, I'm not sure if this is quite on-topic given this is still a Python server, but since it's a simple question: the command is sudo pacman -S dotnet-runtime

Or dotnet-sdk if you wanna develop apps

[muted sandal]

yeah i want to develop some apps also

thanks

[frigid solar]

That’s good, no problem!

[pure plover]

how difficult is unix?

i mean iam a first yr graduate student

can i learn it?

[whole jacinth]

linux is as easy as learning windows or mac os

[quasi warren]

It has gotten a lot more easier now that they have a snapstore and gui update, so someone could get away without learning much cli.

[dapper musk]

depends for me it is easier than windows

[quasi warren]

Only problem is there might be times, where you might end up spending a lot of time looking things up online where the issue might just be local to your line of machines. For exmaple, all Lenovo xyz series might have some issues that all other machines wont have.

But when you say unix, mac os is also unix

If someone wants to use Linux, I would say getting started with Ubuntu is one of the more friendlier options.

[frigid solar]

If by “learn”, you mean to be able to install and use Linux on your desktop, then that experience is no different than learning Windows or Apple. It is just a matter of practice.

If by “learn”, you mean you want a fundamental understanding of Linux, it’s history and a sense of its overall structure, then it is a bit more involved and will require a lot of tinkering and reading.

if by “learn” you mean that you want a deep understanding of Linux Then that will take time, commitment and experience

[rain spoke]

Can I create a bootable usb from the grub command line?

Please someone tell me!!!!!!!

[celest salmon]

😆 did your install not work? are you trying to recover?

[rain spoke]

yes

I don't have any os installed on my laptop

please help

[main olive]

I don't think you can, no

[rain spoke]

I can do that from my phone?

@main olive

[main olive]

No

[rain spoke]

so what do I do now?

[main olive]

You will need another computer, I assume.

Does someone you know have one that you can borrow to make another bootable medium?

[rain spoke]

no

[main olive]

Well you may be SOL then, unless someone smarter than me has a suggestion

[rain spoke]

I think I'll need to buy a bootable usb

btw can I access my laptops hard drive from another computer @main olive ?

[main olive]

not unless you remove it

This is why I always keep a copy of nix on a stick handy.

[tepid spoke]

no

wrong channel

sorry

[bronze flint]

e!help

?/

[main olive]

Hi, I get this weird error on startup: ata1.00: status: {DRDY ERR}, print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, and I'm told to run fsck manually. This has happened five times in the last two months (Debian 10 stable) and just now my computer randomly crashed (before it was just a startup problem). Does anyone know what is going on?

I've run fsck five times now to fix this, but it doesn't seem to be a permanent fix]

[foggy quiver]

I'm using the xfce desktop environment, and even though I turned off the setting. it automatically locks my computer after a period of time, how do I stop that?

[narrow sundial]

Hello,
Is anyone here willing to help with a small shell script error?

[warped nimbus]

Describe the error

I may be able to help

[narrow sundial]

@warped nimbus can I DM you?

[warped nimbus]

No. Please post your question in this server.

[narrow sundial]

@warped nimbus no worries see above thanks

[warped nimbus]

Do you know which line it's coming from?

You can put set -x at the start of your script, assuming your shell is bash. That will make it print out every command it executes

[narrow sundial]

It's probably coming from read command

I have that set and that's the error it is printing

[warped nimbus]

What is the result of the command substitution that uses the aws command?

[narrow sundial]

I am not sure what you mean

[warped nimbus]

If you ran ```bash
echo $(aws
sts
assume-role
--role-arn arn:aws:iam::123456789000:role/jenkins-deployment-role
--role-session-name jenkins-deployment-session
--query "Credentials"
--output text
awk '{print $1, $3, $4 }')

[narrow sundial]

It would print a json if the command was successful

[warped nimbus]

Never mind, I believe I spotted the issue

It was made evident by copying your code into my text editor

You have a trailing space after one of the slashes that break up the lines

After AWS_SESSION_TOKEN

[narrow sundial]

Ah I see

Sorry I am shell noob

[narrow sundial]

@warped nimbus are you there I have another question

[frigid solar]

just ask 😄

[wise forge]

hmm, is it possible making self trusted certificate, and adding it to trusted for my local machine (purely at console command level)
and this certificate would be caught by seleium with chrome driver?

hmm, perhaps I could make it simpler, by using real certificate

all I need, adding to my local machine, recognition of the necessary domain to my localhost!

then google chrome would ask for certification validation from whatever global servers as usual

all right, how to trick ubuntu resolving domain to localhost

[scarlet totem]

/etc/hosts may be what you are after

[wise forge]

yeah

already found, thanks

[glass oyster]

hey guys what is easyBCD ?
do we really need it to dual boot

[frigid solar]

That sure is a nice post, but not ideal for this channel, would be suited better in #python-discussion

[nimble panther]

hey @whole jacinth. As jason said, this is not the appropriate channel for that message. Please keep the channel's topic in mind before posting messages.

[dapper musk]

no it is not. maybe it was 10 years ago...

[glass oyster]

ohhh ok

[sharp nest]

is it possible for me to block access to a localhost flask server from other users who might also be logged into the same remote server?

[amber garnet]

How are you deploying Flask server?

[sharp nest]

I'm not "deploying" it, it's mostly just for personal use. I have an app I run which spins up a local server to communicate with the frontend

thing is I also need to run it on a remote university server because of reasons, but I don't just want anyone logged into the server to be able to hit the endpoints

would like to not implement some sort of authentication system if I don't have to

is there no unix-y way to stop other users from connecting to the server?

[amber garnet]

Are you using nginx or similar software to run your server?

[sharp nest]

nope, just the default flask one

I'm using it with pywebview so not sure if I can set up nginx easily

[amber garnet]

Then my first idea is to middleware both servers with nginx and return different answer when you are trying to access it from localhost

[sharp nest]

I want to access it from localhost

I just don't want others to access it from there

[amber garnet]

Then they should listen on different ports

Like 80 for localhost and 8080 for external one

[sharp nest]

there's no external connections.

[amber garnet]

So what is it?

thing is I also need to run it on a remote university server because of reasons, but I don't just want anyone logged into the server to be able to hit the endpoints

[sharp nest]

If I run it on port 80, any other user on the machine can still access my endpoints with localhost:80

I only want an app I have to be able to access the server

which is also running locally

everything's running on the server, the only issue is other people are using it too

and I'm serving up sensitive information which I'd like if other people couldn't access

[amber garnet]

Okay, once again because I am a little sleepy and I don't get it

You have your home server and you host your Flask app there, right?

[sharp nest]

Are you familiar with pywebview?

Or Electron? same idea. My app has a frontend and backend which both run locally and communicate with each other

I want to run this app on a machine that I share with other people

[amber garnet]

Unfortunately nope

[sharp nest]

Have you used jupyter notebooks? The app runs in the web browser but it spins up a local jupyter server

[amber garnet]

Can you use socket file to communicate frontend and backend?

You can prohibit reading and writing to this file using permissions

[sharp nest]

frontend is in Javascript, don't have access to the filesystem 😦

[amber garnet]

Then I don't have any other ideas 😦

[sharp nest]

thanks anyway!

[amber garnet]

https://giphy.com/gifs/youre-welcome-kmQREsvNQrhrHdkN7G

[rain spoke]

https://tenor.com/view/linux-users-antivirus-hacker-esmbot-gif-19576259

[rain spoke]

fun fact: a majority of us do not use anti-viruses

[eager spire]

hey.... so i learnt that adding autocmd BufWritePre * %s/\s\+$//e to your vimrc file can remove trailing spaces but can someone explain to me how this woks? would appreciate 🙂

[warped nimbus]

The command at the end is just a regex substitution

Replaces \s+$ with nothing

\s+ means match one or more whitesace. $ is the end of the line. So, match one or more whitespace preceding the end of the line.

[formal schooner]

• autocmd BufWritePre * means "before saving any file, do a command"
• %s/\s\+$//e is the :substitute command, substituting the regex \s\+$ with an empty replacement pattern; the e at the end means "don't report an error if there is nothing to substitute"; the % at the start means "do this for every line in the file

so putting it together with Mark's response above, this means:

Before saving any file, for every line in the file, if there is a sequence of one or more whitespace characters at the end of the line, remove those characters, and do not report an error if there are no such characters.

see :help autocmd and :help :s if you want to read more (there is a lot of material to read on both topics)

[wise forge]

Who needs installing antivirus, when you can reinstall OS every half of year?

[amber garnet]

I have same Windows instance since 2015 and I have antivirus

[frigid solar]

they were talking about linux iirc

[amber garnet]

Anyway, I cannot agree that reinstalling OS will fix your problem when you get some viruses - in the worst case you will have enemy in your system by half of the year

[wise forge]

the best policy of not getting viruses... is not using dubious services

because... mailware can be in any of them, and antivirus will not protect you against it anyway

because it would be classified as just 'annoying advertisement'

only reinstallation makes sure to make through PC software cleaning

[kind coral]

If reinstalling an operating system wont get rid of a virus, where the hell is it installing itself on the metal?

[amber garnet]

I mean that reinstalling OS is not the solution

[frigid solar]

agreed

[wise forge]

Looks fine solution ;b
To the end of a year I ll break my OS even without viruses anyway

[frigid solar]

lol so true

[summer trail]

There are viruses that survive OS reinstallation, though, by infecting the GPU or the UEFI or the BIOS. There's even been reports of malware that survives the disk drive being wiped and the BIOS being reflashed, https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/44750/malware-that-can-survive-bios-re-flashing

[kind coral]

wow, thats really quite impressive.

[molten narwhal]

Is there someone that can help me with this error:

[wise forge]

not sure for sure. but it looks like already broken OS
needs to be reinstalled

something is terribly wrong with file system

I had this before... when server was launched in some repair mod after file system got crashed

so in theory it can't be fixed without reinstall unless you have access to server hardware for user controlled reboot

otherwise you need request your provider for OS reinstalllation (if it is VPS provider)

possible crash of HDDs/SSDs btw

[molten narwhal]

I'm on VirtualBox

My main system crashed at some point yesterday

I wish I had done a snapshot after i got the thing setup

[main olive]

!mute 426347340241305611 Investigating

[shy yoke]

:x: According to my records, this user already has a mute infraction. See infraction #36809.

[twin orbit]

When in doubt, Timeshift.

It may not save your system, but it can save your sanity (and files)

[frigid solar]

try doing a fsck

fsck -yf

it would reconfigure your filesystem

[obsidian barn]

Anyone here?

[shrewd hill]

yes?

[obsidian barn]

I want to configure a dynamically drawn icon for a custom file format, which writes out the name extensions name and previews the text

[shy yoke]

Hey @ripe drum!

It looks like you tried to attach file type(s) that we do not allow (.zip). We currently allow the following file types: .gif, .jpg, .jpeg, .mov, .mp4, .mpg, .png, .mp3, .wav, .ogg, .webm, .webp, .flac, .m4a.

Feel free to ask in #community-meta if you think this is a mistake.

[ripe drum]

why cant i upload my zip file 😦

[lavish storm]

fishy fishy

[frigid solar]

which OS?

[lavish storm]

looks like MacOS

[frigid solar]

https://stackoverflow.com/a/120978/14863850

[quasi warren]

which terminal in Linux supports vertical and horizontal split?

[frigid solar]

tmux

[robust cave]

tmux isn't a terminal, rather a terminal multiplexer

if you want a terminal that supports splits check out kitty https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/

[frigid solar]

ah right

[quasi warren]

Came across Tilix, Deepin, and Terminator.

I had used Tilix before and liked it, but didnt see it in snapstore over a year ago. But it's on snapstore now.

Thanks for suggesting tmux and kitty

[dry bronze]

hey I am making a shell but for some reason this is double printing

in a vm hence cannot copy code

result

[final echo]

how do you delete all files in a folder using python

[frigid solar]

!d glob.glob you can use this to get all the files in a directory

[shy yoke]

glob.glob

glob.glob(pathname, *, recursive=False)```
Return a possibly-empty list of path names that match *pathname*, which must be a string containing a path specification. *pathname* can be either absolute (like `/usr/src/Python-1.5/Makefile`) or relative (like `../../Tools/*/*.gif`), and can contain shell-style wildcards. Broken symlinks are included in the results (as in the shell). Whether or not the results are sorted depends on the file system. If a file that satisfies conditions is removed or added during the call of this function, whether a path name for that file be included is unspecified.

[frigid solar]

!d os.remove to remove a file

[shy yoke]

os.remove

os.remove(path, *, dir_fd=None)```
Remove (delete) the file *path*. If *path* is a directory, an [`IsADirectoryError`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#IsADirectoryError "IsADirectoryError") is raised. Use [`rmdir()`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.rmdir "os.rmdir") to remove directories. If the file does not exist, a [`FileNotFoundError`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#FileNotFoundError "FileNotFoundError") is raised.

This function can support [paths relative to directory descriptors](https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#dir-fd).

On Windows, attempting to remove a file that is in use causes an exception to be raised; on Unix, the directory entry is removed but the storage allocated to the file is not made available until the original file is no longer in use.

This function is semantically identical to [`unlink()`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.unlink "os.unlink").

Raises an [auditing event](https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#auditing) `os.remove` with arguments `path`, `dir_fd`.

New in version 3.3: The *dir\_fd* argument...

[wise forge]

import shutil

if os.path.exists('docs'):
   shutil.rmtree('docs')

it deletes folder too, so I recreate it after that

if not os.path.exists('docs'):
        os.mkdir('docs')

[ripe drum]

what linux distro should i use?

I would perfer any distro besides from one with the GNOME DESKTOP

[untold abyss]

yo, how do we uninstall a specific version of python?

I have python3.9 and python3.6 installed. I want to purge the 3.9.6 one

if I try to uninstall python3 - I fear it might break ubuntu

[ripe drum]

i think it would be sudo apt remove then you type in the specific python package you dont want anymore?

[untold abyss]

says can't find python 3.9.6

or python3.9 for that matter

[ripe drum]

huh thats weird

well this might be incorrect but maybe sudo apt remove python3 and reinstall i dont think it will break ubuntu but do it at your own risk

[burnt flax]

Why and what is this? It reads like fuck

[kindred basin]

lmao

Google it or man fsck

Its a core UNIX utility used for correcting and optimizing (corrupted) filesystems

[formal schooner]

filesystem consistency check

not sure why they didnt call it fscc but maybe they were just having too much fun

[jaunty needle]

never noticed ^ lol

[quasi warren]

I'm trying to create a link shortcut on Ubuntu.
I'm using Firefox and Firefox has this grad and drop which works on Windows 10, but it doesnt work on Ubuntu.

[jaunty needle]

which drag and drop

[quasi warren]

https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/create-desktop-shortcut-website

[dapper musk]

just create .desktop file

and in Exec setction set it to firefox YourWebsite

[jaunty needle]

tony stark

firefox "https//myurl.com"

use that for command

[frigid solar]

Create a .desktop file in ~/.gnome/apps.

example:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Link to Rick Roll
Type=Link
URL=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ
Icon=text-html

Link will appear in your file explorer with the name Name you specificed

It will use the default browser you use

[quasi warren]

oh thanks.

wow didnt know about that firefox thing that's pretty neat

[frigid solar]

yeah i personally just use the firefox command to open urls

[main olive]

does anyone have experience with pfctl on macos?

used to use ufw on linux before buying a macos machine and am trying to block all inbound/outbound traffic that doesn't go through openvpn connection

[main olive]

nvm solved

[main olive]

is papirus/arc theme lightweight or is there better?

also...are any of these safe to disable?

[main olive]

I'm making a .sh script which takes a filename as an argument
How do I slice the string to get something like
"pythonfile.py" -> "pythonfile"
"path/to/pascal.pas" -> "path/to/pascal"?

In python i'd do string[:string.rfind(".")]

[main olive]

bash script has string comprehesion

[././.]

can;t remember exact

[main olive]

im outta ideas

regex \.[\w]+$ should work

[main olive]

uuh darn it, i hardcoded .pas extension and at least it works now

[opaque ginkgo]

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/965053/extract-filename-and-extension-in-bash @main olive

you dont need sed

[formal schooner]

i don't think all sed versions recognize \w even with -E turned on

also if you're in bash you can use <<< 'test.pas' instead of echo 'test.pas' |

sed -E 's/\.[0-9A-Za-z]+$//' <<< 'test.pas'
# test

[frigid solar]

so you want to just get the filename/path name without extensions?

[main olive]

thank y'all, will try later

[frigid solar]

this is how I do it, (use it for compiling and executing my c files)

[main olive]

thanks ;)

[wise forge]

Any good Linux compatible desktop version of remote file manager via ssh?
for a need to copy with comfort multiple configs from servers

basically Linux WinSCP analog

nvm, found

Krusader works fine

awesome, windows like total commander with remote access via ssh and other types of connections

quite comfortable to transfer files around between machines

mega powerful I would say

omg. it supports even remote IDE opening, at least visual studio code

(the list of supported integrations 20-30 items)

git diff instruments and e.t.c.

all right, all is left to find how to add myself to group which can copy /etc

folder permissions, here I go

[vast tulip]

how to adjust file/dir created by root .py script for uwsgi module user? os.chown() to such user after creation or add write permission to Others, will then uwsgi user be able to use it the same? Thanks

[wise forge]

well, scratch folder permissions. I just zipped/archived necessary folder

what would be necessary folders to restore server programs and its configurations from zero, besides /etc?
I have an instruction of installation, so I should be pretty good to reverse engineer necessary stuff

[wise forge]

you have several options, any option can be right

1. the most easiest, just launch your uwsgi from root, it will have permissions then
2. alternative option... you can modificate permissions of the file/folder to allow anyone writing rights
3. the last option is changing owner of file/folder which you suggested

I would recommend first choice, most easiest and most reliable

4. you can create your file/folder initially from the same user, it will have all the necessary rights from the beginning then

fourth option is nice too

[vast tulip]

thank you for options and clarification

[frozen kettle]

hello anyone here is familiar with BASH ?

have few question to ask

[pseudo moon]

fire away

[frozen kettle]

for grep in BASH

i wanna grep a two letter word

for example Donald Trump

does BASH find words with Donald & Trump / Donald/Trump

[pseudo moon]

did you try?

[frozen kettle]

yeah

[frigid solar]

What’s your grep code, both things are possible

[wise forge]

I think you are looking for Regular Expressions

although it can be probably done in a more dumb way with bash

[pseudo moon]

it can all be done with grep.

see $ man grep

[frozen kettle]

i did

but im still unsure abt it

[pseudo moon]

there a chapter: "repetition"

Let us know, else if you really want to get fancy you can use awk or sed.

[frozen kettle]

7. $ cat FB_Dataset | grep -i "Donald Trump" | awk -F ',' '{print $5}'

this is part of my command

if i wanna find the word from column 5

do i do awk first then only grep or this will work too

[pseudo moon]

first of | is piping one command to another

but you can try to do it first like this: grep -i "Donald Trump" FB_Dataset

you'll then grep the line in full

then apply awk to get the column part right 🙂

[frozen kettle]

ahh i see alright thank you

[formal schooner]

it's too bad awk doesn't let you do case-insensitive regex searching

[frozen kettle]

grep -i does right

?

[formal schooner]

otherwise you could omit grep entirely and write

awk -F ',' '$0 ~ /donald trump/ { print $5 }' FB_Dataset

yeah, that's what grep -i does.

[frozen kettle]

its fine ill just stick to grep haha

its part of my assignment but my lect didnt explain much abt BASH

[formal schooner]

note that "parsing" csv with awk and/or cut is potentially very messy if there are quoted fields with embedded commas

[frozen kettle]

im just dealing with txt files

shud be alright

[formal schooner]

yes, csv is text

but it's text with a specific format

also - if you want to capitalize it like a proper noun, write "Bash"; nobody writes "BASH"

i see a lot of people over-capitalizing tool names like "Git" as "GIT", etc.

[frozen kettle]

ah i see

[formal schooner]

the only one you really want to capitalize is AWK because it stands for 3 people's names, and even then you can write Awk

ironically "BASH" is an acronym ("bourne again shell") but nobody treats it that way 🤷‍♂️

[frozen kettle]

alright ill keep that in mind

thank you 🙂

[formal schooner]

a lot of people never capitalize them at all, but i think it can make text too difficult to read if you don't, because many of these names are just English words

[frozen kettle]

yeap true

[frozen kettle]

@formal schooner would u mind if i msg u privately ?

[formal schooner]

i'd rather keep discussion in this server, to help everyone else who might be reading

[frozen kettle]

grep -i -w "Donald Trump" FB_Dataset | awk -F ',' '{print $5}'

was wondering

is it searching for the word in column 5 only ? or

its searching for the word in the entire line of word but only output whatever is in column 5?

[formal schooner]

the latter @frozen kettle

you want to search in column 5 and only print matching values?

[frozen kettle]

yup

not searching in other columns which has Donald Trump in it and output the column 5

^ not taht

[crude abyss]

Is unix hard bois?

[jaunty needle]

not if you switch to linux full time

[formal schooner]

you can do this in python with pandas too... might be easier and/or faster depending on what you're actually trying to accomplish

[pseudo moon]

Linux... Linux is a perfect OS for a developer, are the tools are right there.

It assumes a person that understands his/her OS and does not assume you're a n00b.

[formal schooner]

That varies by Linux OS though as well

And it depends on what exactly you're developing

But there will always be the risk of additional troubleshooting that requires technical knowledge

[frozen kettle]

yea but im only to allow to use Bash

[lavish storm]

linux really isn't that hard

or demanding

a lot of distros offer GUI alternatives where you can just install and go

i think the main attraction is that 1) linux distros don't hog on RAM 2) no probey probey into your privacy

[pseudo moon]

Don't say that. I bought my house thanks to Linux 🙂

[violet hatch]

WSL 2 user here. Is miniconda preferable or should I install an exclusive version of Python though deadsnakes?

[frigid solar]

installing it through deadsnakes should be fine

[frozen kettle]

anyone knows what does unique pages mean

[jaunty needle]

context?

[feral lotus]

#web-development

[frozen kettle]

this is the head of my file

[main olive]

Please tell me how to specify the address

[jaunty needle]

which dbms

[formal schooner]

@frozen kettle if you have a list [A, A, A, B, B, A] there are 2 unique elements, A and B.

apply that definition to the websites in your data

[frozen kettle]

are u talking abt the unique pages thing ?

[formal schooner]

yes

[frozen kettle]

whats a yoru data

[formal schooner]

a typo

[frozen kettle]

oh

[formal schooner]

i meant to write "your"

sorry for the confusion

[frozen kettle]

np

i dont get it still

its asking for unique pages

is it like how many pages are there ?

[formal schooner]

yes. it is asking how many pages there are, after removing duplicates

[frozen kettle]

ahhh

but how do i count pages

[frigid solar]

Address of?

[frigid solar]

What do you mean by pages, I don’t really understand you

[frozen kettle]

yeah i dont either its part of my assignment to understand whats a page mean

[frigid solar]

Ask your professor 🧑🏽‍🏫

[frozen kettle]

he wouldnt tell

he say its up to us to interpret it

[frigid solar]

Welp, dunno 🤷‍♂️

[jaunty needle]

Derric

I asked you which dbms

that that looks like headers and data

simply count how many rows of post_name you have

page_name rather

[formal schooner]

it looks like each row corresponds to a single web url

so your job is to figure out what a "web page" should mean - is 1 page == 1 url? or something else?

[daring gazelle]

any idea why make python would throw "cannot find -lboost_python" although i have installed it?

[frozen kettle]

@formal schooner @jaunty needle ahh i get what yall mean now ill try it afterwards thank you so much

[sharp cove]

if I'm reading the screenshot correctly, it looks like a CSV where each row represents a post, and each post is on a page

so for each row you have page_name and page_id

my approach would probably be to collect and count all distinct page_ids

so for example if you had:

post_id,page_id,text
1      ,1      ,abcd
2      ,1      ,abcd
3      ,1      ,abcd
4      ,2      ,abcd
5      ,2      ,abcd

i'd interpret this as 5 posts on 2 pages (e.g. each page will display up to 3 posts)

[jaunty needle]

theres a much cleaner explanation ^

[frozen kettle]

ill look into it and msg here if i have any problems

once again thank you so much

[vivid path]

I got a little pissed off because i wanted create a alias able to create a file and open in vscode

touch <file name> && code <file name>

but i wanna be able to choose the name of the file

[wheat slate]

so you dont actually want an alias, you want a bash script/function that you feed an arg into

though you dont have to touch it to be able to code

you can just type code somenewfile and it'll open it

[vivid path]

I'll try here

i using ubuntu

20.4

how can i see it?

bash

ok

[warped nimbus]

It would have been simpler to define a function instead

# in ~/.bashrc
alias_name() {
    touch $1 && code $1
}```

In fact, it'd be good practice to do return touch $1 && code $1

Though I do not remember if they implicitly use the exit code of the last command or not

[vivid path]

Both ways works

I tried the first one and works, my friends tried the second one and works as well

Thanks u guys!

[alpine sigil]

I’m trying to check user password by hashing and comparing to /etc/shadow, but I haven’t been able to generate the correct hash. Is anyone familiar with how to do this?

The data in /etc/shadow is base64 encoded I believe but I don’t think I’m interpreting it correctly and haven’t been able to find a good resource that explains it

[keen sequoia]

https://serverfault.com/questions/330069/how-to-create-an-sha-512-hashed-password-for-shadow

https://linuxize.com/post/etc-shadow-file/

I just tried the solution in serverfault. works perfect

[alpine sigil]

Yeah I have been able to do it with the crypt module but I need to implement it in a different language and I don’t understand what crypt.crypt does

[keen sequoia]

which language?

its just a function that hashes given string + salt using said algorithm

i'm sure all mainstream languages have this basic support in libraries

as long as message text + salt + algorithm is same, it should match even on bash

[alpine sigil]

Go

I get a different result trying to do it with python hashlib

Compared to crypt

[keen sequoia]

you should post code

[alpine sigil]

def hash_passwd(passwd, salt):
    tohash = base64.b64decode(salt) + passwd.encode()
    h = hashlib.sha512(tohash).digest()
    return base64.b64encode(h)

Where salt is the string from /etc/shadow

I’ve done it with the salt after the password as well

[keen sequoia]

Salt is plain text in /etc/shadow and not base64

Hash in shadow is also not base64 encoded

[alpine sigil]

Ah

Hash is encoded somehow though

[keen sequoia]

On Ubuntu at least. That one liner from server fault produces exact same hash when I copied text as is. You should also include $ in the salt

[alpine sigil]

You mean the one liner that uses crypt? I’ve been able to get it to work with that but I can’t reproduce it with hashlib or otherwise so I don’t understand what it’s doing

And are you sure the hash isn’t base64? It definitely looks like it

[keen sequoia]

Yeah I am sure

[alpine sigil]

How is encoded then? Because it’s all printable characters

[keen sequoia]

https://linux.die.net/man/3/crypt

Please see glibc notes section

It’s late for me now

[main olive]

!warn 824602496742719498 Please don't drop WhatsApp invites to troll your friend. Do also note that we expect members to speak English to the best of their ability and stick to the channel topics.

[shy yoke]

:incoming_envelope: :ok_hand: applied warning to @bold fjord.

[amber garnet]

Next time you can report it with @tight thorn

[main olive]

Print( "hi guys")

[inland gulch]

print('hello Nolitop')

[tender plinth]

Hello , I wish to access my linux partition from windows wsl , i've tried using ext2fsd , to assign drive letter to linux partition , but windows still doesnt recognize it , I dont want to use a tool like linux disk internals as i wish to edit and access my files in linux partition , is there a better way to do this?
PS: I have also tried signing up for windows insider programme as there is a new feature to mount linux partition , but for some reason , the setting up takes really long so I prefer to do it without opting for the insiders build

[robust cave]

@tender plinth I don't use Windows so I can't give you a concrete recommendation, however you are free to try out any of the methods listed here if you haven't done so: https://superuser.com/questions/37512/how-to-read-ext4-partitions-on-windows

[tender plinth]

Yeah I've actually tried all of them , thanks anyways

[dapper musk]

i think you can mount it in WSL and cp files to windoge partiton

[barren temple]

can i attach to tmux session somehow with a python?

yes. Just need a lib. 🙂 Dum question.

[upbeat wing]

Hi, I want to backup (some files from) my WSL2 Ubuntu home dir so I've started on a Python script to run rsync and save files in time stamped dirs on the C drive. Is there a better way to do this? The script will be run as a scheduled Windows task. What are your WSL(2) backup solutions?

[frigid solar]

crontab -e

[keen sequoia]

This doesn’t help if everything is on the same partition. If / goes down, then /var /home also goes down

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/wsl/wsl-file-system-support

I guess you could update that crontab job to write to something at /mnt/foo so that your wsl data be backedup on windows drives

[rose ibex]

when i click on linux/unix download page on python.org, i just takes me to source code, anyone have a .appimage or .deb file?

[opaque ginkgo]

@rose ibex if you're on debian it should be apt installable

[rose ibex]

im on linux mint but thanks

it is a debian derivative

[opaque ginkgo]

yeah shouldn't apt install work then