web-development

[novel stream]

not only that but let's say yes

[hollow dragon]

I think it will work bcus my whole config and app was built for heroku, so PostgreSQL will have the "exact" DATABASE_URI

[novel stream]

yep, I'm also thinking in this way

[agile bison]

Hello guys,
I have a problem with updating json fields in flask sqlalchemy. Does anyone have any idea how to solve it. Thanks!

[novel stream]

I don't have XP with flask sqlachemy but can try. Can you post more context?

[agile bison]

@novel stream ```def campaign_detail(campaign_id, campaign_service=Provide[Container.services.campaign_service]): # campaign_service=Provide[Container.services.campaign_service]
try:
selected_campaigns = campaign_service.search_by_campaign_id(campaign_id)
except Exception as i:
print(i)
raise

if request.method == 'POST':
    active_from = request.form.get('active_from')
    active_to = request.form.get('active_to')
    new_values = {}
    results = request.form
    for key, value in results.items():
        new_values[key] = value
        print(value)
    try:
        campaign_value = CampaignService.updated_values(selected_campaigns["campaign_value"], new_values)
        selected_campaigns["campaign_value"] = campaign_value
        selected_campaigns["active_from"] = active_from
        selected_campaigns["active_to"] = active_to
        print('passed')
        return redirect(request.url)
    except Exception as i:
        print(i)
        print('i1')
        return ''
elif request.method == 'GET':
    try:
        campaign_value = CampaignService.extract_values(selected_campaigns["campaign_value"])
        return render_template("list.html", title = campaign_id, campaign=selected_campaigns, campaign_value=campaign_value)
    except Exception as i:
        print(i)
        print('i2')
        raise```

[novel stream]

and now what is the error you get?

[agile bison]

@novel stream @staticmethod def updated_values(campaign_value_old, updated_values): if isinstance(campaign_value_old, str): print('str') data = json.loads(campaign_value_old) if isinstance(campaign_value_old, dict): print('dict') data = campaign_value_old #print(type(campaign_value_old)) else: RuntimeError() try: print('+') for key, d in data['value'].items(): if type(d) == dict: var = d['variable'] if var[0] in updated_values: data['value'][key]['value'] = [updated_values[var[0]]] #print(type(data)) return data except Exception as i: print(i) return ''

[novel stream]

I mean, when you're running the code, do you get any error in your terminal?

[agile bison]

There is no error

[novel stream]

So the problem is that json field is not updating?

[agile bison]

In the terminal I have an output of new (updated) values ​​but they are not displayed in "list.html" when redirecting or not updated in the database.

[novel stream]

and it is in this updated_values that this should happen?

[agile bison]

Yes. the problem is with json-sqlalchemy relation and I saw on the sqlalchemy documentation that I need to use nested MutableDict but still there is no progress.

[novel stream]

yeah, this time I won't be able to help 😕 don't have much experience in the sqlalchemy world (it's in my list to study btw)

[agile bison]

@novel stream no problem mate 🙂
I am still learning also, thanks anyway.

[native tide]

Does anyone know how to change permissions on django? Can I do it from /admin or do I need to use code?
I cant figure it out

[novel stream]

What change specifically are you trying to do

[native tide]

I created a superuser which seems to have every permission, Id like it to only have access to a few permissions
Adding, changing, removing and viewing the models Game and Song

[novel stream]

You can remove its permissions in the Django admin area, removing the flag is super user as well as the permissions that you want. But I'd advise to have at least one superuser and another user with lower permissions

[native tide]

How do I remove a permission though
I can see the list of permissions but I can only seem to select them, no option to delete or change

Unless the orange selection is supposed to be how I pick permissions? If so thats very unintuitive

[novel stream]

A superuser normally won't need the permissions unless you explicitly use them in your views. Otherwise even tho it doesn't show any permissions in the right side, it will have access to pretty much everything

[native tide]

Alright I think I got it thanks

[hidden gulch]

hello, i've been trying to use sqlalchemy's regex pattern match to find all occurences of a certain word in the rows of a table in my DB.

Im doing something like select(myTable).filter(myTable.c.some_column.op('~')(r"\b{}\b".format("word")))

This however doesnt seem to work, is there something Im missing? Im using python3.10 btw

[hollow dragon]

yeah it works perfectly fine

[vivid whale]

Not so sure how to use this, is this incorporated with my IDE (pycharm) or is it an app to install?

[golden bone]

CI/CF available through GitHub as 'Actions" but for a simple app you might not need it. PyCharm can help you connect the remote repo and push and that may be all you need

[vivid whale]

Will pushing add or replace the code?

[golden bone]

The changes in your local repo will be pushed to the repo on GitHub.

[vivid whale]

So itll create a copy of the repo at first then any additons or subtractions will replace that code

I see

[golden bone]

Basically I guess. I wouldn't say "replaced" because you can always check out earlier commits... It's worth reading up thoroughly on how versioning works because it can get confusing

[vivid whale]

thanks

[hollow dragon]

Can anyone help me with flask, docker?

[frank shoal]

ask your question.

[hollow dragon]

Everything works fine, image is created but when I run the container it immediately stops

[frank shoal]

Can you post your Dockerfile? Maybe a log?

And the command you use to run it

[hollow dragon]

Should I call you or its fine here?

[frank shoal]

here is fine.

[hollow dragon]

its from a tutorial

FROM python:3.8-alpine

# copy the requirements file into the image
COPY ./requirements.txt /microblog/requirements.txt

# switch working directory
WORKDIR /app

# install the dependencies and packages in the requirements file
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

# copy every content from the local file to the image
COPY . /app

# configure the container to run in an executed manner
ENTRYPOINT ["./boot.sh"]

CMD ["app.py" ] ```

source venv/bin/activate
flask db upgrade
exec gunicorn -b :5000 --access-logfile - --error-logfile - microblog:app```

but I've tried without boot.sh and it still doesn't work

maybe because I use WSL? but it doesn't work with Docker Desktop either

[golden bone]

Both should work in theory. Use docker logs to see why the container is stopping

[hollow dragon]

Hopefully it will be still fine. My web app runs but docker somehow fuckd up. Im gonna have an internship interview tomorrow.

[novel stream]

how are you running the docker image?

[hollow dragon]

you mean the command?

[novel stream]

yes

[hollow dragon]

i think im just gonna give up, because deploying to heroku with docker a venv/flask/postgresql web app is quite pain in the a$$

i've learned enough docker imo for this internship lmao...hope i don't need this much complexity

as a "junior"

[ionic raft]

Does anyone have any experience with implementing Premium TinyMCE features in Django?

[native tide]

is there a way to hook up a domain with flask directly?

[elder walrus]

Hey guys, Is there a way to get the name of the uploaded file in django?

[crisp dragon]

hey i need some help in my django project

[dusk sonnet]

hey, iv been tryna figure out how to get connected users in Django Channels but havent made any progress. if anyone can help id really appreciate it, thanks!

[wind dove]

I believe that you would just point an a record to the ip of the flask server. With that, iirc you should be going through something such as an apache server for security reasons.

[mystic wyvern]

Like this newinstance.uplodedfile.name

The file name is stored in name attribute

[novel stream]

I was just typing that 😆 that should work

[mystic wyvern]

Lol

[lapis spear]

if i delete this file on my django project will i reset my database from scratch?

im learning django by creating the backend of a website and the further i advance i realize that the structure of my models are kinda off so i want to start from scratch of my database

if i delete that file and just edit my models.py and run makemigration and migrate will it be all ok?

[mystic wyvern]

Not from scratch, django automatically generate sqlite database when it's not found, if you delete it you just want to migrate not make migration

[novel stream]

There is the flush command but it doesn't clear the tables created from the migrations https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/django-admin/#flush so the best way is like @mystic wyvern said: delete this file and re-run the migrate command when you're done. Django will recreate the file

[lapis spear]

but i will be changing my models so i would need to makemigrations first right? or its not needed?

[mystic wyvern]

In this case yep you should

[high scarab]

what is the purpose of a nested Meta class in a django form class?

it seems to specify the model corresponding to the form and the field names, but for what purpose?

[lapis spear]

@mystic wyvern@novel streamalright thank you sirs

[novel stream]

A few days ago I was reading a SO answer that was talking about that. it might be useful for you https://stackoverflow.com/a/39476404/3716354

[novel stream]

🚀

[high scarab]

thank you that's perfect!

[weak blaze]

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import *

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
def init(self):
super(MainWindow, self).init()
self.browser = QWebEngineView()
self.browser.setUrl(QUrl('http://google.com'))
self.setCentralWidget(self.browser)
self.showMaximized()

    # navbar
    navbar = QToolBar()
    self.addToolBar(navbar)

    back_btn = QAction('Back', self)
    back_btn.triggered.connect(self.browser.back)
    navbar.addAction(back_btn)

    forward_btn = QAction('Forward', self)
    forward_btn.triggered.connect(self.browser.forward)
    navbar.addAction(forward_btn)

    reload_btn = QAction('Reload', self)
    reload_btn.triggered.connect(self.browser.reload)
    navbar.addAction(reload_btn)

    home_btn = QAction('Home', self)
    home_btn.triggered.connect(self.navigate_home)
    navbar.addAction(home_btn)

    self.url_bar = QLineEdit()
    self.url_bar.returnPressed.connect(self.navigate_to_url)
    navbar.addWidget(self.url_bar)

    self.browser.urlChanged.connect(self.update_url)

def navigate_home(self):
    self.browser.setUrl(QUrl('http://programming-hero.com'))

def navigate_to_url(self):
    url = self.url_bar.text()
    self.browser.setUrl(QUrl(url))

def update_url(self, q):
    self.url_bar.setText(q.toString())

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
QApplication.setApplicationName('My Cool Browser')
window = MainWindow()
app.exec_()

error:

:\Users\Laptop\Downloads\my_cool_browser-main\my_cool_browser-main\main.py", line 4, in <module>
from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import *
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets'

csn someone help

[urban dirge]

you need to install the module

[weak blaze]

how

@urban dirge

[urban dirge]

try to find it in pip

[weak blaze]

can you sebd

the code

pls

for the pip

install

webengie

engine

[urban dirge]

look up the module name in pip

[weak blaze]

oj

[urban dirge]

or look up the error in google

[weak blaze]

ty

[wide canyon]

Figured this out?

Hello. I'd like to share a Django package I created. Is that allowed ?

[dusk sonnet]

nope i gave up on it

cant find anything online on it as well

[novel stream]

I guess so

[wide canyon]

https://pypi.org/project/drf-admin/

Please check it out. I'd love contributions

[noble spoke]

what does tornado offer that would make anyone pick it over flask or fastapi for small APIs

[native tide]

Is Wordpress worth learning

[native tide]

Best web dev road map for noobie?

[mystic wyvern]

If you want to build a simple web site yep it is

[mystic wyvern]

Can you tell more details what you want to do

[gleaming frigate]

How do I do an inner join in django?

[mystic wyvern]

I believe that you can use select_related() in query statement ex:Model.objects.select_related('yourfield1', 'yourfield2', etc.. ) there is a different way but this is the simplest way

[dusk portal]

oh

[golden bone]

Uh, by pressing enter? Or am I not understanding the question?

[sudden sierra]

Probably they meant text wrapping

I'm not sure

[golden bone]

oh @native tide If you mean you want to automatically wrap after = instead of after ,, try #editors-ides (and tell them whether that's VS Code or what)

[ionic raft]

Does anyone have experience with setting up JWT Authentication in Django? I'm trying to connect with an external API that needs JWT Auth.

[uneven basin]

in flask is it possible to define routes in a module and import them into the main module?

[mystic wyvern]

Yes i do, what is your Problem

[ionic raft]

Inexperience with JWT Auth basically. I'm trying to connect to Tiny Drive. Their documentation has PHP covered but nothing on Django.

I'm at the point where I am trying to connect with Dropbox instead. Tutorials on jwt focus on user Auth. I don't need that. I need to Auth with the Tiny Drive API

[mystic wyvern]

You want to authenticate yourself to that drive and then return an jwt that can be authorize you to access data from this tiny drive?

[ionic raft]

I am not clear on this. Tiny Drive requires jwt Auth to access. Their documentation has an example for PHP. The django-tinymce library is third party and has nothing for premium features.

I've been trying to follow this. I have the key pair built through their app: https://www.tiny.cloud/docs/tinymce/6/tinydrive-jwt-authentication/

[ionic raft]

This comes back to my inexperience with JWT auth in Django. It appears that I need to setup a JWT endpoint. This apparently allows Tiny Drive to work.

[proper hinge]

Seems like you could do the same thing in Django using DRF to create the endpoint and pyjwt to encode the token with the private key

Disclaimer though, I've not attempted that.

[terse sorrel]

hey guys is there anyway i can build an admin interface ( with pretty much the same functionality as the one provided with django) using a frontend framework

[fair lichen]

Hi all,
Super noob level question here. I'm a working data scientist, and I'm happy working in python, and with coding in general. I've never built a website, and I'd really like to dip my toes. But I've got absolutely no idea where to start, and there seem to be so many options.
Netlify? Django? Flask? React?
I'd really appreciate any pointers on where's good to start. Thanks!

[ionic raft]

Interesting. On the plus side, Tiny have gotten back to me. I think they've realized there's no support for Django and may be looking into it.

[proper hinge]

I don't think it's a matter of whether Django is supported because they just define an interface which they expect the endpoint to have.

Any framework that can create a POST endpoint should work.

But it's their product and they know best presumably, so let's see what they have to say.

[proper hinge]

I think Flask is a good start to create a website. It has fewer features than e.g. Django so it's easier to get started I'd say.

[proper hinge]

I am not too familiar with netlify but I thought it was for hosting static sites. As for React, that's a front-end framework only. You can do a combination like React frontend + Flask backend if you wish, but that's a more complicated architecture so I wouldn't recommend it if you're just trying to build your first website.

[native tide]

If you're looking for pedagogy Flask is better.
If you're looking for something that looks good with good performances, without much initial effort go for Django.

Flask: you build everything from scratch or you download Flask components.
Django already comes with a bunch of features such as authentication, templating, orm. Makes your life easier.

I would suggest you start with flask, build everything you need by yourself, then when you get most topics/components, you go for django

[fair lichen]

OK that sounds great

And to deploy it, do I need to buy a domain name?

Or is there a netlify equivalent which will do it for free?

[proper hinge]

https://www.pythonanywhere.com/ I've heard of too

[fair lichen]

Ah great, thatnks!

[rich dove]

Hey guys, I've posted this on stack overflow so I won't repeat the question, but if anyone knows the answer help would be greatly appreciated! https://stackoverflow.com/questions/72555877/fetch-path-from-url-and-use-it-within-python-script

[native tide]

https://github.com/PARKER-X/Django/tree/main/ecommerce

Can anyone check my accounts models.py and store models.py
and plz fix my code

register and login /logout is not work

User has no customer.

[dusk sonnet]

so iv created a chat app and i want to display how many users (if any) are currently connected (online) to the chat. Now i understand that it must be done via the connect and disconnect functions because thats what detects when a user has connected to the websocket but im not sure how to store that. Iv tried using a manytomany field in my model to store the users who connect but i couldnt get it working

async def connect(self):
        self.room_group_name = 'chat_%s' % ''
        await self.channel_layer.group_add(
            self.room_group_name,
            self.channel_name
        )
        await self.accept()
    async def disconnect(self, close_code):
        # Leave room group
        await self.channel_layer.group_discard(
            self.room_group_name,
            self.channel_name
        )

[mystic wyvern]

You can set a status filed in your model like this

ONLINE = 'online'
   
   STATUS = (
       (ONLINE, 'online'),
       (OFFLINE, 'Offline '),
   ) 
status = models.CharField(
       max_lenght=10, choices=STATUS,
       default=ONLINE
   )```
and set true when the websocket is connect and false when it is not, or  make an online counter in your model and increase it by 1 when a websocket connect and decreaset by 1, if the counter equal to zero, then the user is offline

[mystic wyvern]

There is another method that dosent belong to channel, is to use signals like user_logged_in there a good answers here https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29663777/how-to-check-whether-a-user-is-online-in-django-template

[dusk sonnet]

fair enough that sounds pretty good ill see what i can do.

[dusk sonnet]

ok ill check it out as well

[stiff ferry]

is there a way to verify the django superuser email when created?

[dusk portal]

try to open admin panel and check?

[stiff ferry]

the superuser email doesn't appear on Email Addresses and I have to manually add that, I'm using dj-rest-auth so for normal user it's kinda easy for admin idk how I can make that happen

[gleaming frigate]

I had tried this way, but it doesn't show the columns of the other table, it only shows the columns of a Model

[mystic wyvern]

See the second answer that worked for me https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48128714/how-to-make-an-inner-join-in-django

[native tide]

Help me

[main jasper]

Flask - User file upload. Application factory setup; Windows.
config has:

UPLOAD_FOLDER = 'static/uploads'

Trying to save a file to path:
os.path.join(current_app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], filename)

save throws an error on path:
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'static/uploads\my_workbook.xlsx'

but works with:
os.path.join(current_app.root_path, current_app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], filename)

What's wrong with my setup? Most tutorials dont use root app path to build path.

[novel stream]

I still think the best way to extend the user model is following one of the approaches demonstrated here https://simpleisbetterthancomplex.com/tutorial/2016/07/22/how-to-extend-django-user-model.html

[native tide]

If I know the basics of html and css can I move on to js

[eternal blade]

Is there something like request.build_absolute_uri but for WebSockerConsumer's

[novel stream]

Totally

[native tide]

What should someone do if they aren’t a problem solver

[novel stream]

Problem solving is something that you will learn through the time

Take a look at these playlists, you might find something useful https://www.youtube.com/c/veryacademy/playlists

[spare lodge]

hlo

[cobalt creek]

Hi I need some help with WordPress
I displayed all the events and now I just wanted a search bar to search those events any body have any how to do so ?

[native tide]

In flask, can you only get the name and value of <input> elements using request.form?

If so, is there a way of getting the innerHTML value of a <button> in flask, using something like request.form?

[frank shoal]

If you use form.submit(), yes

[wooden ruin]

why might you need to?

[frank shoal]

Instead of using <button> try using <input type="button">

you can have multiple buttons with the same name and different values

[native tide]

I was creating new button elements for each new keyword entered, the buttons are just for design they aren't actually submitting anything. I'm just working around it by adding the innerHTML of each button to a js array, which i put into an invisible text input field that is then recieved by flask using the name. @wooden ruin

[wooden ruin]

why not use hidden input types?

[native tide]

I could, works the same doesn't it?

[daring isle]

In react , how are you guys handling api calls after log in for a user ?
I’m trying to decode JWT and use the user id to query related tables .

It’s working but I’ve had to useEffect catch it and refresh the page manually after log in - as the first runs are empty and the page doesn’t re-render

I’ve been stuck for like 3 days . I can’t find a solution online

[pulsar tendon]

i need help

im trying to do the unorderd list in html but when i try it it didnt work

this is the code
<html>
<body>
<img src = "pancake.jpg" title = "pancake" height = "350" width = "550">
<h2> Pancake Recipe</h2>
<h1>Ingredients</h1>
<ul>
<il>2 eggs, Large</il>
<il>1 small can, Alaska evaporada</il>
<il>1 1/4 cup, all purpose flour</il>
<il>2 tsps, baking powder</il>
<il>3 sticks, butter</il>
<il>1 cup, water</il>
</ul>
<p> Instructions</p>
<ol>

</ol>

[daring isle]

You need closing tags on html and body </body> </html>

[timber swan]

I think you need to use <li> instead of <il>

[pulsar tendon]

ooooo thanls

[lone jackal]

#game-development

[daring isle]

///for the JWT decode
  const [decoded, setDecoded] = useState('')

///for the user info i was trying to retrieve
  const [userinfo, setUserInfo] = useState([])

  
  useEffect(() => {    

    console.log("Trying decode")
    var token = jwt_decode(localStorage.getItem('refresh_token'))
    console.log(token.user_id)
    setDecoded(token.user_id);
    console.log(localStorage.getItem('refresh_token'))

  },[localStorage])


  useEffect(() => {

    async function fetchData() {      
      const request = await axios.get(`users/id/${decoded}`);
      console.log(request.data);
      setUserInfo(request.data)
      return request;
      
    }
    fetchData();
  }, [decoded]);

This works for my problem of auto refreshing

[ionic raft]

ah yes...just spent 2 days solving a problem to discover two more 🤪 The joys of development.
On the plus side, with experience I'll discover at least twice as many problems as I intend to solve. #WillAlwaysHaveSomethingToDo

[quiet cipher]

hi guys

is django for beginners by william s.vincent a good book?

does this work for you guys?

command to create a directory

for me it says

the system cannot find the specific path

when i input cd~/Desktop

[ionic raft]

I've not read that book. However, it looks like you're being walked through step by step to create a project. Whenever I get stuck on syntax problems it can be good to search Stack Overflow.

[quiet cipher]

yep...

[ionic raft]

I am a fan of including video tutorials in my learning experience. Here's a fav of mine:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmljXZIypDc&list=PL-osiE80TeTtoQCKZ03TU5fNfx2UY6U4p

[quiet cipher]

how did u learn django

did u use any books?

[quiet cipher]

ty

[ionic raft]

I started with that video...and then built projects. Started april 15, 2021. My profile has sharable projects I've deployed

[quiet cipher]

i prefer books or docs over vids 😅

[ionic raft]

I like books too. But when it comes to software engineering having someone cover a process step by step empowers how I learn

[quiet cipher]

thats true

alr ill go through the vids thx

[ionic raft]

Some software engineering concepts can be brutal to rely just on reading for. Seeing it done (how it should look), replaying...let's me dig in until i get it. Then books flesh out the theory 😉

Corey is solid. Laid a foundation for me that has influenced every Django project I've built or deployed

Also recommend: https://www.feldroy.com/books/two-scoops-of-django-3-x

[quiet cipher]

after the video series where did u continue learning django

[ionic raft]

But two scoops is definitely a read after you've been using Django for a while. Unless you're super-nerd-genius-savant of course.

[quiet cipher]

ah alr

[ionic raft]

I actually started with a Python bootcamp. Laid the foundations down, went to Flask, then to Django.

Never looked back. Been coding Django for most of a year solid now. Sometimes 12-14 hours a day...love it

The good news is when it comes to Python to get a lot from Django you don't need to be super-savant-genius coding Machine Learning systems and Neural Networks. The Django Framework is wizard tho.

if you're new to web development frameworks and web servers, then Flask is a good step towards Django as well.

Flask will get you thinking about Python in a particular way, leverage a lot of very clever work already done on a focused niche (web server/development).

Then if you're goal is complex web applications then Django will blow your mind, bruh 😉

[quiet cipher]

i see

[ionic raft]

You have much experience with python?

[quiet cipher]

uh not much tbh

[ionic raft]

Or with software engineering generally?

[quiet cipher]

prolly like 3 months

basics

like im not even good with oop

[ionic raft]

3 months is enough. So long as you've got core concepts down: Lists; dictionaries; logic; debugging; etc...

[quiet cipher]

yeh a basic idea

[ionic raft]

You don't need OOP really. Sure, classes are used for data modelling for example, but Django development is user-request driven. You'll expand your Python chops gradually, as you build web applications.

Cool. The great thing about Django is that you will continue to expand your knowledge of Python, but in a very focused way. Plus, there's a significant community, and many libraries getting stuff done.

[quiet cipher]

yep

[ionic raft]

Now. OOP is baked into Django. The point is, some clever peeps have done a lot of heavy lifting for you.

So custom building your own OOP isn't a gateway unless you find a solid use case for it to be.

[quiet cipher]

yeah along with django/flask ill be learning oop

[ionic raft]

Getting the concept of OOP will help you when read about the underlying framework and theory.

[quiet cipher]

like on weekends

[ionic raft]

Have lots o fun. It's a great community here. Take in Corey's tutorial and get some basics down. What he does with Class Based Views and some specific approaches continues to be relevant for me over a year later.

Oh. And don't worry about the profile pic part. You don't really want to be storing media files (files you upload) on your server.

The fist big project I did I literally had to decouple the profile pic part. Quite amusing when I look back on it. It's not that what he does is wrong. Rather, using your Django web server to store media files isn't optimal, mainly for security reasons. However, so long as you don't code that particular piece of knowledge into production it's good to see a particular use case covered

[quiet cipher]

uhh
so i created a django project using

python -m django --version startproject

since django-admin doesnt work for me

so i successfully created the project

but i cant find the folder

any way to find the path?

ohhhh i got it yay

thxx

hm il just move it to desktop

man why do i get so many problems

now when i input

cd django_project/

it says

The system cannot find the path specified.

[quiet cipher]

django_project is my project name

finally i launched my web server yay

[daring isle]

Same , at least once it’s solved it’s solved .
Until you forget and have to crawl through your own code looking for solutions

[thorny urchin]

Hello Guys. Anyone here?

[quiet cipher]

hi

[thorny urchin]

Hi. Well, I need help with respect to my project.

So, the thing is:

I have an assignment.

A group assignment.

Where in I am supposed to make a website, by using only the front end, that is HTML and CSS.

I am completely a noob to it, so I need help with the same.

Is anyone willing to help me?

[native tide]

hello im creating a personal website with flask and bootstrap , i learnt html 2 yrs ago so im kinda rusty, and for some reason the video which i add into this personal website isnt working

        <video src ="G:\Python\website\keyboard.mp4" width = '600' height="600" controls>
    </div>```

would someone help me

the indentation is fine discord is wack

[tiny snow]

Try using a relative path. Maybe the video file is not served, you can check the Sources in the dev tools

[hardy apex]

Hi everyone, new to using Flask and I want to send variable information to another script and then access it in the other, how would I go about doing this? Here is a picture of my routes.py that I am using

On line 20 is where I am trying to send variables 'name,email,message' to mailing.py but I am not sure how

if you have any idea please @ me

[ionic raft]

Indeed. Thank goodness for search and remembering enough, like a key word, or where it was done, to be able to go back for inspiration 😄

[ionic raft]

In my experience, software development has an abundance of problems. You're not alone. Only today I solved one problem to discover two more. And since then a third has reared its head.

[quiet cipher]

btw i checked your website
great job dude it looks lit

[ionic raft]

Which one? LanesFlow or Whurthy?

[quiet cipher]

lanesflow

[ionic raft]

Cool. Yes, that's a business consultant app. Got some real world clients using that as a part of training I deliver. However, it's missing a key piece that I will get back to (and requires me learning React)

[quiet cipher]

its an inspiration for me (im still not able to create a homepage app 😅 😭 )

[ionic raft]

Well, I'm 51 years old and hadn't written a line of Python as of April 15, 2021.

[lavish prism]

@rustic salmon Per Rule 6, your invite link has been removed. If you believe this was a mistake, please let staff know!

Our server rules can be found here: https://pythondiscord.com/pages/rules

[ionic raft]

It's never too late to start

I'm working on Whurthy right now. In alpha testing a client helped us realize we're missing a key feature. I'm going back in and adding the ability to have event types. Which offers a completely different track for event management.

[quiet cipher]

interesting

good luck :))

[ionic raft]

Yeah. A hair stylist pointed out that they have different types of event and timeblocks. We had missed that as a requirement completely.

So yes, software engineering is all about problems. Breaking down the big ones into lots of little ones, and discovering a pile more while you're at it

Managed to check to prevent double booking AND cancel timeblocks within the duration of the event type...and then realized a number of things that should be improved...

Tomorrow I'll be checking for timeslots that are available for the error message, and hiding events without enough time to be booked for an event type

[quiet cipher]

so far, did any company or professional individual register?

[ionic raft]

With Whurthy? We've got a couple of clients lined up for Alpha testing. That will help us fine tune. I'm adding event types for one of the clients - and because it expands the market potential significantly. One of those face palm moments missing the requirement to be honest

[quiet cipher]

oh great stuff

[ionic raft]

Which is why I love Django. Being able to retrofit this sort of requirement is exactly why I love the framework

[quiet cipher]

yep django is a beautiful framework

well im learning it for a school project

even though i can use flask i still wanna learn django

[ionic raft]

That's a good framework to be learning at school!

[ionic raft]

Django's ORM, admin panel and authentication really make it shine. Plus, it's much more suited to reusability given that you build apps. Flask's flat application layer makes sense for simplicity. But once you've worked out Django's model-forms-views-templates-urls structure it really comes together.

And of course, with a sprinkling of settings and admin 🙂

[wooden ruin]

not to mention the django rest framework too!

[ionic raft]

A lot of peeps talk about Django's REST Framework. But when I read about the security risks I'm glad I've spent time digging deep into ORM

[ionic raft]

Yeah. I keep hearing about it. Just make sure to protect for sql injection attacks

It's the kind of risk that really should be talked about a lot more. I had to bump into that risk through my own research.

[quiet cipher]

rest api? (maybe its a different thing)

[ionic raft]

Pretty much. Django has a very solid API framework.

However, if you use it access your own DB(s) it comes with...some risks.

[quiet cipher]

is it not secure

[wooden ruin]

the orm escapes all variables when you query them, i think vulnerabilities lie when you directly query the model with raw sql that might cause danger. however drf mostly communicates with the django orm by default so unless you dive deep into the roots, it shouldn't be that much of a security risk

[ionic raft]

That's a hard question...and I'm not an expert. Suffice to say, Django's ORM uses parameters to speak to the DB and has built in protection for vectors such as sql injection attacks.

[quiet cipher]

i see

[ionic raft]

I should find the article I read...they presented a case as more serious than that

The examples they gave weren't just about raw sql.
You can run raw sql with ORM too. But I wouldn't.

Never found a DB dance I couldn't do yet with ORM

But yes, if you're using the ORM to access the DB you've got built in security

Welcome 🙂

Also, I find deployed Django projects to be very, very fast

[wooden ruin]

nowadays you almost never need to use raw sql since there are orm's for every database and for many languages

[ionic raft]

And thank goodness for that!

I kind of get SQL...but I've had no interest in becoming a SQL expert. ORM lets me off of that chore 😉

[wooden ruin]

the only thing i wish django could implement is a more modular approach. like choosing your own orm, if there was prismajs for python that would be amazing

[ionic raft]

Running PGAdmin for PostgreSQL on my PC was quite a move for me 😄

[quiet cipher]

anyways,
so i successfully setup my django webpage and i got the congratulations page on localhost:8000

next i wanted to create an app
so i created an app called 'pages' (for a homepage)
then i followed the instructions:
first: in views.py

from django.http import HttpResponse
def homePageView(request):
return HttpResponse('Hello, World!')

next: i create a file 'urls.py'

from django.urls import path
from .views import homePageView
urlpatterns = [
path('', homePageView, name='home')
]

then in the main folder (project-level)
i updated the urls.py file

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('', include('pages.urls')),
]

[ionic raft]

I don't know what prismajs is, but I'm building a number of different apps. I've just launched a pilot digital library for an org that will be linked to a DB for other service web apps

[wooden ruin]

that's cool!

[ionic raft]

So I guess I'm saying that Django native can be architectured in a modular fashion

@quiet cipher Looks like progress, bruh 🙂

[wooden ruin]

besides if there's something that you need that django doesn't have out of the box, there's probably a library for that

[ionic raft]

THere you go 🙂

[quiet cipher]

then i did 'python manage.py runserver'

[ionic raft]

True story!

[quiet cipher]

but i still get the same congrats page

:((

[quiet cipher]

a tiny bit of progress

[ionic raft]

Did you import the view into urls?

[quiet cipher]

into urls.py file?

[ionic raft]

So to display a view you need to import it into urls.py and then use in the pattern

Oh I see

I'd do urls differently than that

I import the views at the top of urls.py

then I add the view to the pattern in urls.py

[quiet cipher]

this ?

[ionic raft]

Not quite...sec

[unkempt temple]

I have this django model setup for the backend of my video game ```py
class Player(Model):
pass # other stuff

class SaveSlot(Model):
player = ForeignKey(
Player,
on_delete=CASCADE,
related_name='slots'
)

players can have up to 5 save slots

index = PositiveIntegerField(null=False)

save slot data is stored in a separate table since it contains huge amounts

of data that I do not want to load every time that I read info about slots

class SaveSlotData(Model):
slot = OneToOneField(
SaveSlot,
on_delete=CASCADE,
primary_key=True,
related_name='data',
)

json = JSONField(null=False, default=dict)

When a user creates a new slot, I would like to do this ```py
save_slot = SaveSlot(
  player=player,
  index=params.index,
  data=SaveSlotData(
    json=params.data
  )
)
save_slot.save()
``` but it doesn't work, and the `SaveSlotData` does not ever get created

why not?

[ionic raft]

urls.py

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.home, name='home'),```

[unkempt temple]

also, why doesn't the FK on the OneToOneField prevent this model from persisting?

[quiet cipher]

one sec lemme check

from django.urls import path
from .views import homePageView

urlpatterns=[
    path('',homePageView, name='home')
]

yeah i did this^

[ionic raft]

And you need to ensure you're importing the view

from views import view_name```

[ionic raft]

That appears solid for urls.py

[quiet cipher]

yeah i guess

i wonder why it doesnt work hm

[ionic raft]

views.py looks right...no model needed...hmmm

[ionic raft]

This is why I like tutorials...at least the good ones 🙂

[quiet cipher]

maybe ill go through corey's tutorial once again

[ionic raft]

Remember that the tutorial is 11 parts or so.

Not just the first vid

[quiet cipher]

yeah but the place where i am stuck is covered in first and second vid

[ionic raft]

Then you're in good hands. If you follow step by step you'll get there, and the sticky bits will be the teaching moments 😄

Ok. Good luck all. Off to bed.

[quiet cipher]

good night :))

[unkempt temple]

bump

[ionic raft]

Solid bump, bruh. I'm looking at the model and seeing if anything jumps out at me

[ionic raft]

To understand why SaveSlotData isn't being saved would need to see the application layer.

[unkempt temple]

huh? why?

that second block is nearly identical to what's in my code

[ionic raft]

Because logic, at least when I use Django, is what drives CRUD. And I like to have logic in the application layer for the most part. Although, there are different schools of thought about fat data layers

[unkempt temple]

I still don't really see how that's relevant

but this is my code exactly

[ionic raft]

You were asking why a save wasn't happening. Ahh...you hadn't included that snippet

I responded that in order for there to be a save, something had to trigger the data event

[unkempt temple]

that line save_slot.create() is not saving the data

[ionic raft]

Right. Because there is more required than that.

[unkempt temple]

.create() is just a shortcut that I made: ```py
class SemanticSaveModel(Model):
class Meta:
abstract = True

def create(self, *args, **kwargs):
    kwargs['force_insert'] = True
    kwargs['force_update'] = False
    return self.save(*args, **kwargs)

def update(self, *args, **kwargs):
    kwargs['force_insert'] = False
    kwargs['force_update'] = True
    return self.save(*args, **kwargs)```

[ionic raft]

Helpful tip Questioning relevance when someone is trying to help you isn't going to encourage more help. Just sayin'

[unkempt temple]

well I had already sent the code snippet above

which is the only part involved with record insertion

[ionic raft]

There you go. I was asking about the logic. I hadn't seen it. Questioning relevance seemed...strange

OK. So you're going for a fat data layer...which is cool.

That's interesting...I've not seen DB CU done that way before...

[unkempt temple]

by default django's Model::save function will either create or update the record

[ionic raft]

I'm used to using views.py with function or Class Based Views

[unkempt temple]

so forcing a creation or update makes sure that you don't duplicate records

this is in a view

def save is a view

[ionic raft]

🙂 interesting...I've never had a problem duplicating records. My point, I do the CRUD work in views.py

not models.py

[unkempt temple]

what?

I am doing crud in the views

[ionic raft]

You are calling models class in views.py?

[unkempt temple]

save_slot.create() is the C in CRUD

[ionic raft]

You're putting your data model and doing CRUD in views.py?

I put the data model in models.py and application logic in views.py. Separating function from form

[unkempt temple]

I have 3 separate files:

1. app/models.py which contains my class Player(Model): and others
2. app/views.py which has def save():
3. app/urls.py which defines the route to the save view

[ionic raft]

But this snippet calls Models and has CRUD functions.

[unkempt temple]

"save" is the name of the view

[ocean slate]

hey

[unkempt temple]

that might be causing some confusion

[ocean slate]

anyone knows Flask

[ionic raft]

Right. But it's invoking the Models class

[unkempt temple]

that's just a shortcut to save

like how save itself is a shortcut to raw_save

[ionic raft]

That's not answering my question. I don't get what you mean by shortcut

[unkempt temple]

I call model.create, that function calls model.save

thus, create is a shortcut to save

[ionic raft]

The snippet you posted has a Models Class, and includes functional views.

[unkempt temple]

no it doesn't?

[unkempt temple]

there are no views in this snippet

[ionic raft]

class SemanticSaveModel(Model): is a class invoking Models

[unkempt temple]

do you mean subclassing?

you invoke methods

[ionic raft]

Never mind...I was off to bed 20 mins ago. Good luck

[unkempt temple]

Model is a class

I moved my question to #help-lemon #help-lemon message

[quiet cipher]

guys i have an error when im trying to create an app

 The included URLconf '<module 'polls.urls' from 'C:\\Users\\Israr Ahmed\\Desktop\\django_SchoolProject\\polls\\urls.py'>' does not appear to have any patterns in it. If you see the 'urlpatterns' variable with valid patterns in the file then the issue is probably caused by a circular import.

error^

should i send the code?

[dim rover]

is this for django?

[quiet cipher]

yes django

[dim rover]

can you show that file

[quiet cipher]

ight ill send the code...

the project-level urls.py :

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('polls/', include('polls.urls')),
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

app-level urls.py :

from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
]

views.py file:

from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
]

i am supposed to get this output in the webpage

“Hello, world. You’re at the polls index.”

[dim rover]

views.py doesnt look right

[quiet cipher]

hm what else shud be there (im following the official docs)

[dim rover]

you have the same content as in urls.py above

it should have the index function

[quiet cipher]

the app level urls.py right?

[dim rover]

yeah

its currently a copy of that

[dim rover]

write it just like you see in that example here

[quiet cipher]

yeah i literally copy pasted it 😅

[dim rover]

lmao

[quiet cipher]

weird

[dim rover]

i think it tried to import itself

from . import views from views py

[quiet cipher]

ahh i tried some stuff but i still get the error

but ill keep trying ig

nicee now i am getting new error

 module 'polls.views' has no attribute 'index'

im trying to create an app since like 6 hours 💀

im still stuck

[dusk portal]

@inland oak

sorry for the ping

can i plz get ur 1 min?

im unable to serve my static files (rn using nginx)

/home/ubuntu/project/sai/media

^^ this is my pwd result for

media files

    alias /home/ubuntu/project/sai/media;
    access_log off;
}

im using this inside

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/myproject

still not getting media files

@ionic raft ^^

[rigid mist]

I wanna execute code in backend ~2 seconds after return statement for Flask template is executed. How can I do that?

[atomic sinew]

I don't understand why my html file is not accessing my static css file.

HTML FILE

{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>Django Begins</title>
    <!-- <link
      href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.0-beta1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
      rel="stylesheet"
      integrity="sha384-0evHe/X+R7YkIZDRvuzKMRqM+OrBnVFBL6DOitfPri4tjfHxaWutUpFmBp4vmVor"
      crossorigin="anonymous"
    /> -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/blog.css' %}" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <header>
      <h1><a href="/">My Django Blog</a></h1>
    </header>

    {% for post in posts %}
    <article>
      <time>published: {{ post.published_date }}</time>
      <h2><a href="">{{ post.title }}</a></h2>
      <p>{{ post.text|linebreaksbr }}</p>
    </article>
    {% endfor %}
  </body>
</html>

[lavish prism]

Hey @atomic sinew!

It looks like you tried to attach file type(s) that we do not allow (.svg). We currently allow the following file types: .gif, .jpg, .jpeg, .mov, .mp4, .mpg, .png, .mp3, .wav, .ogg, .webm, .webp, .flac, .m4a, .csv, .json.

Feel free to ask in #community-meta if you think this is a mistake.

[atomic sinew]

Settings File

STATIC_URL = 'static/'
STATIC_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'static'

[serene matrix]

Your static folder is named stactic

[visual gull]

hey guys i made an api using FastAPI

it can send mock codes

it has many modes

for ex: alphanum, alphasign, alpha, alphanumsign, num, numsign

Code:

from fastapi import FastAPI
import random

app = FastAPI()

ltrs = sorted('qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm')
nums = list('123456789')
signs = list('!@#$%*?<>&')
 
@app.get("/{type}")
async def root(type, count: int):
 code = ''
 if type == 'alpha':
     for i in range(count):
         code += random.choice(ltrs)
 
 elif type == 'alphanum':
     for i in range(count):
         code += random.choice(ltrs + nums)
 
 elif type == 'alphanumsign':
     for i in range(count):
         code += random.choice(ltrs + nums + signs)
 
 elif type == 'alphasign':
     for i in range(count):
         code += random.choice(ltrs + signs)

 elif type == 'num':
     for i in range(count):
         code += random.choice(nums)
 
 elif type == 'numsign':
     for i in range(count):
         code += random.choice(nums + signs)
     
 return {'code': code}

Code Editor Used: Spyder
Libraries Used: Random, FastAPI

[atomic sinew]

My bad, thanku so much.

[daring isle]

submitChecklistButton(e) {

    const data = {
      'status':'closed',
    }

    axios.patch(`reporting/checklist/${branch_id}/`,data)
      .then((data) => {
        console.log(data);
    })
    .catch((err) => {
      console.log(err);
    })
  }

Anybody know what the syntax error is here?

its underlining the first curly bracket {

nevermind - it might be this

function submitChecklistButton(e) {

didnt say function

[dusk portal]

Still waiting

[jaunty depot]

hey guys
is there a way to redirect user to login page after registering?
as with LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = 'home' redirects you to 'home' view, is it possible to redirect user to login page?

I tried to do it with REGISTER_REDIRECT_URL = 'login' but it does not work, on https://docs.djangoproject.com/ there is also no info about it. Does that mean that it is impossible to make it so?

[daring isle]

On the register button press put return redirect to your login page after your functions run , maybe

[daring isle]

But it will be redundant …

What you really need to do is make any unauthenticated user get redirected to the login page .

That way it would catch them after reg even if you don’t explicitly say

def register_user(request):

    #your register stuff here
    
    return redirect('login')

or just try this

make sure you import redirect too in your view

from django.shortcuts import redirect

[hardy apex]

anyone have any familiarity with smtp (with gmail) for python?

[eager hull]

I've used it. What's your question? I know there have been tons of headaches with it due to Google disallowing unsecure apps, then allowing it again

[hardy apex]

I actually figured it out sorry, but I do have another question if youre available

[eager hull]

Sure

[hardy apex]

I have a React Frontend with a form that does a post request on a python backend which sends an email out. however after the email my screen is changed when i would rather just send back an update, would i need a get request here? not sure where to go

(images are swapped)

here is my python code for all of the backend

and my frontend form

[eager hull]

I'm a Django guy, so I'm probably not the best resource for this, but after your email is sent, your are literally returning the word "success". You should replace that with a redirect or a reverse redirect or something,. Ot sure what the react terminology is.

[hardy apex]

I was thinking something like that, I would have preffered to return nothing but that wasnt an option that would compile

So I guess the question is, is there no way to submit a form using post that wont redirect your page?

[eager hull]

If you just use return,won't it leave you on this contact page?

[hardy apex]

let me try

[eager hull]

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41270855/flask-redirect-to-same-page-after-form-submission

This might help

[daring isle]

You likely have a history.push(/success) in your api function

Or something or other . Are you using fetch or axio?

[daring isle]

In react *

[azure pelican]

What should i know in Python to learn Django

[hardy apex]

i wasnt using either, i figured it out though thank you, i just had to return ('',204)

[ionic raft]

I would not deploy Django to production including the management of Media. It can technically be done, but I won't for two reasons. First, media files are a security vector for malicious files. Second, including media files on a Django web server means it won't be stateless anymore. This will present load balancing issues in the future.

I learned this the hard way when following Corey's tutorial for uploading profile pics. It seems like a good idea, and is for learning about this as a feature. However, using Django to manage media files is not ideal. I'm researching connecting to an S3 server to manage media on another server.

[ionic raft]

I got through the basics of Python over a couple of months. Having a solid grasp of lists, dictionaries, variables, logical loops and a grasp of what OOP is will help. Exposure to core Python libraries (dates, math, etc.) will help as well. In short, you need Python to make the application layer really work. You'll use Python to build the data model (Classes), to code the logic into the application layer (CRUD with the DB and sending context dictionaries/variables to the front-end templates), and will work with Jinja2 and html to build the html templates that Django will use to present web pages.

[serene prawn]

I don't think scaling would matter here

[ionic raft]

Maybe not if your project isn't going to need to scale. But uploading media files is a security vector and risk.

[serene prawn]

It is, also you still can scale vertically to some extent

[ionic raft]

Sure. But it will become a greater risk with greater growth. #FirstWorldProblems
Personally, I'm working out ways to integrate media uploads to an S3 server, and let it manage the media footprint.

[serene prawn]

yagni

It's a small/personal projects, there's no reason to use something like this, though, for bigger or commercial applications you can use S3

[ionic raft]

I don't do small/personal projects 😄

[serene prawn]

Well, they do

Should they use s3?

[ionic raft]

IIRC, media can be configured through nginx

You can create a media volume along similar lines to serving up static files.

[serene prawn]

Maybe an issue with using alias instead of root? Don't remember which does what but it might be this

[ionic raft]

I used root...

[serene prawn]

Well they use alias 🤔

[ionic raft]

server {
  listen 4000 ssl;
  # # location of SSL certificates
  ssl_certificate /app/web/ssl/ssl.crt;
  ssl_certificate_key /app/web/ssl/ssl.key;

  location / {
    proxy_pass http://django;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_redirect off;
  }

  location /media/ {
    root /app/web/build/media/;
  }

  location /static/ {
    alias /app/web/build/static/;

    if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';

        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true';
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, OPTIONS';

        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'DNT,X-CustomHeader,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type';

        add_header 'Access-Control-Max-Age' 86400;
        add_header 'Content-Type' 'text/plain charset=UTF-8';
        add_header 'Content-Length' 0;
        return 204; break;
     }

     if ($request_method = 'POST') {
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true';
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, OPTIONS';
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'DNT,X-CustomHeader,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type';
     }
     if ($request_method = 'GET') {
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true';
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, OPTIONS';
        add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'DNT,X-CustomHeader,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type';
     }
  }
}```

^ is the original nginx file from a while back. it was working until I deprecated for the project

[serene prawn]

@ionic raft I never had to deal with media files before btw, mainly do some db operations/data processing

[ionic raft]

That was also within a docker container. So, the dockerfile also did some legwork for environment setup (such as building the media directories so the above could work)

[serene prawn]

You use django or some other framework?

[ionic raft]

Django inside Docker

[serene prawn]

Don't really like using django for rest apis

[ionic raft]

But I used ngnix to serve static and media.

[ionic raft]

I've managed to avoid using REST APIs for speaking with the DB. I go fully through ORM for my projects.

[serene prawn]

Rest api is interface between server (django) and usually a frontend client (e.g. react)

Doesn't have anything to do with db or orm

You might have an api that doesn't use db

[ionic raft]

Yah. I have used API libraries for things like sending text messages

[serene prawn]

Did you try fastapi or similar frameworks?

[ionic raft]

Not needed to as yet. I tend to focus on techs applicable to problems I have to solve. As yet, I've not had working with REST APIs as a need to solve the problems I've had. I've also stayed away from frontend frameworks like React for now.

I'm kind of forcing myself to do as much as I can server-side. That way, it keeps the projects super fast, more secure, and still gets the job done.

[serene prawn]

It's harder to work on frontend this way

Since most people use some kind of framework on frontend

[ionic raft]

I've not found it hard to work on the frontend. Bootstrap 5 for css framework (because I find vanilla css to be a ghastly language), and every problem I've needed to solve I've been able to do pretty much with Django. There's a bit of JS for things like jquery, Bootstrap and some form field conditional filtering.

Oh and htmx for inline forms (partial page refreshing for parent-child forms)

[serene prawn]

It's just kind of better to use rest api's imo because you can separate backend logic from your representation/templates, also it allows you to add more clients in the future (for example a mobile app)

And you still can use bootstrap with things like react

[ionic raft]

I'm not sure I completely agree with that premise. But then, I suppose I've chosen to dive really deep into Django to see how far I can take it.

views.py is my application layer, forms.py controls input and validation, models.py is my backend, and templates are my front end. Seems pretty N-tier to me

And app design within the Django project allows me to modularize apps

[daring isle]

i was the same. started with flask then django , now react and django api

im still not sure i can pull off some of the stuff i did in django , its a rabbit hole

[ionic raft]

My concern is I see way too many websites functioning very, very slowly with a JS frontend

[serene prawn]

template rendering really fell out of favor when declarative frameworks like react, vue or angular popped out

Depends on how you code them 🙂

[ionic raft]

My point exactly

[daring isle]

using jinja is a win, jsx is powerful but doesnt seem as efficient

[ionic raft]

What I know is, the projects I build are crazy fast.

[serene prawn]

jinja is really powerful, you can use it with stuff other than html too

like yaml

[ionic raft]

I've done some funky stuff with Jinja

[serene prawn]

You don't know for sure until you deploy and stress test it 😉

My angular projects are fast too, on my machine

[daring isle]

can you use it in react lol, because i got some crazy for loop logic i need to migrate to the new site

[serene prawn]

"It works on my machine"

[ionic raft]

Indeed. Which is what we've been doing. Stupid fast. And, when there's a need for app integration then REST API all the way

[serene prawn]

What are you using btw?

For stress/load testing

[ionic raft]

What you want to do is to have is create hundreds of thousands of records on a prod web server and DB server (I use PostgreSQL), and see how pages render. I continue to be blown away by how fast Django is

[serene prawn]

Ehm, how? 😅

[ionic raft]

I have an event management app where users can create 1000s of events (through a recurring event creation feature) years into the future. The page displays with pure Django in production is astonishingly fast for me.

[serene prawn]

Aslo rest api's are easier to test imo

[ionic raft]

I'd say the same thing for Django...but then I'm diving deep 🙂

I will get to React. Just not right now. More Django mastery first

[serene prawn]

django has drf (django rest framework) but i find it outdated compared to fastapi and similar frameworks

[daring isle]

im asking, because im legit scared of what lies ahead doing my django project in react

[serene prawn]

When using some kind of frontend framework you usually just create api (might be REST, GraphQL, etc) and use it in your frontend app, backend implementation/language/etc shouldn't matter

And there's no place for jinja2 sadly

[daring isle]

yeah but i (maybe stupidly) was doing a lot of the for loop logic to disect data.
Well actually it wasnt too stupid, id have a few filtered tables that were related but needed to display the data together

[ionic raft]

I've come to really like PostgreSQL as the DB for the backend

[serene prawn]

Do most operations on db side, it would be faster 😉

[serene prawn]

Yeah, postgres is one of the most advanced sql db's right now

[ionic raft]

Rock frickin' solid too!

It's all I these days.

[serene prawn]

I mostly used it with sqlalchemy since it's more flexible than django orm

[ionic raft]

I've heard good things.
I use postgres with Django's ORM and have a lot of fun doing the Django-tango 😉

Got an project with 30+ tables. Very complex data model, but it's wicked fast and clients are super happy with the end result.

[serene prawn]

I used django orm too, but it's kind of a nightmare to write a complex query

And there's no built-in support for cte's for example

[ionic raft]

That's why I decided to dive deep.

[serene prawn]

Try sqlalchemy 😅

[ionic raft]

The more experience I get with ORM, the more I use it, the easier I find it. That combined with PyCharm has made ORM my beech

PyCharm really is wizard for learning ORM

Put it this way, I've yet to encounter a query I couldn't build. And once I worked out how it worked I never looked back

[serene prawn]

I don't really like the fact that django orm uses strings for all operations
Imo this is much better:

select(Book).where(Book.title.like("Some Title"))

[daring isle]

i think im going to have to now, the speed was ok its just about how it was displayed to the user

from this

as an example

[serene prawn]

Just saying that if you iterate over large chunks of data instead of doing that in db then you're most likely doing something wrong

It depends ofc though

[daring isle]

ohhh no, the data was filtered beforehand!

[serene prawn]

In most cases all you want to do on python side is to transform your data a bit

And perform some business logic

[daring isle]

I used sqlalchemy and then raw sql before coming to the conclusion the django orm is so much more straight forward

[serene prawn]

😦

What's wrong with sqlalchemy though?

[ionic raft]

I stuck with ORM. A year+ later, and working out Postgres and like I said...very happy

[daring isle]

saying that, sometimes i found myself sat for hours trying to solve issues which raw sql might have been easier

[ionic raft]

Another thing to factor is data model design.

[serene prawn]

sqlalchemy is an orm too

[serene prawn]

Also sqlalchemy is really close to raw sql, but it depends

[ionic raft]

Well, when Django's ORM hits a wall I'll be sure to branch out. Until then, I'm diving deep

My goal is to master Django and dive deep. That's why I'm hesitant to branch out. The main challenge with any language/framework is often, "You don't know what you don't know."

[ionic raft]

I also have zero experience with SQL (well mostly zero). So ORM really pulled me in.

[serene prawn]

You should get some experience with sql then, orms abstract a lot of things

[ionic raft]

I just get the Django ORM. I have a need, design the data model, code the application layer.

[serene prawn]

Depends on orm though

[ionic raft]

On that note...back to coding 🙂

[serene prawn]

There's no much difference between

class Post(db.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)

and

class Post(Base):
    __tablename__ = "post"
    
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    title = Column(String(100), nullable=False)

[hardy apex]

Please read this and let me know if you have any suggestions

[daring isle]

i cant see it

[hardy apex]

which part

[daring isle]

my eyesight isnt that good

[hardy apex]

i dont want to spam channel, can i DM the snippets zoomed in?

[daring isle]

can you type three backticks then jsx then your code then three back ticks

code here

` these

not \

under the esc button

[hardy apex]

import './contact.css'
import {AiOutlineMail} from 'react-icons/ai'
import { useRef } from 'react'

const Contact = () => {

  const nameRef = useRef(null);
  const emailRef = useRef(null);
  const msgRef = useRef(null);

  const handleSubmit = event => {
    event.preventDefault();
    event.target.reset();
  };

  return (
    <section id='contact'>
      <h5>Let's get in touch</h5>
      <h2>Contact Me</h2>
      <div className="container contact__container">
        <div className="contact__options">
          <article className='contact__option'>
            <AiOutlineMail className='contact__icons'></AiOutlineMail>
            <h4>Email</h4>
            <h5>[e-mail]</h5>
            <a href="mailto:[e-mail]" target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>
              Send a message</a>
          </article>
        </div>
        <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} id='passContact' name="passContact" action="." method='post'>
          <input ref={nameRef} type="text" name='name' placeholder='Full Name' required/>
          <input ref={emailRef} name='email' placeholder='Email' required/>
          <textarea ref={msgRef} autocomplete="off" name="message" rows="10" placeholder='Message' required></textarea>
          <button type='submit' className='btn btn-primary'>Send Message</button>
        </form>
      </div>
    </section>
  )
}

export default Contact```

this portion has code that will setup a form and on submit will reset the form, however it is not POSTing properly

I think the problem is that I am resetting the form before it is done POSTing and I am getting a POST error

import './contact.css'
import {AiOutlineMail} from 'react-icons/ai'

const Contact = () => {
  return (
    <section id='contact'>
      <h5>Let's get in touch</h5>
      <h2>Contact Me</h2>
      <div className="container contact__container">
        <div className="contact__options">
          <article className='contact__option'>
            <AiOutlineMail className='contact__icons'></AiOutlineMail>
            <h4>Email</h4>
            <h5></h5>
            <a href="." target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>
              Send a message</a>
          </article>
        </div>
        <form id='passContact' name="passContact" action="." method='post'>
          <input type="text" name='name' placeholder='Full Name' required/>
          <input type="email" name='email' placeholder='Email' required/>
          <textarea autocomplete="off" name="message" rows="10" placeholder='Message' required></textarea>
          <button type='submit' className='btn btn-primary'>Send Message</button>
        </form>
      </div>
    </section>
  )
}

export default Contact```

This section works properly but will not reset my form after submitting and POSTing information

[daring isle]

import { useForm, useState } from "react-hook-form";
import....


  const [formState, setFormState] = useState({})

  
  const { email, handleSubmit, errors } = useForm();

  const onSubmit = (data) => {
    if (data) {
      setFormState(data)
      
    }
form.reset()

  

maybe something like this?

im still a bit unclear on whats going on tho, are you sending your submission to an api?

because you could maybe use async to wait for it to finish

[hardy apex]

import smtplib
from flask import Flask, send_from_directory, request, redirect

#all this information is stored on server under os.environ
# EMAIL_ADDRESS = os.environ.get('EMAIL_USER')
# EMAIL_PASSWORD = os.environ.get('EMAIL_PASS')
# PERSONAL_EMAIL = os.environ.get('PERSONAL_EMAIL')
EMAIL_ADDRESS = ''
SMTP_PASSWORD = ''
PERSONAL_EMAIL = ''

app = Flask(__name__, static_folder='../react-portfolio/build/')

@app.route("/", methods=['post'])
def getValue():
    USER_ADDRESS = request.form['email'] #contact email

    with smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587) as smtp: #587 is for gmail servers
        smtp.ehlo() #identify connection
        smtp.starttls() #encrypt traffic
        smtp.ehlo() #reidentify encrypted connection
        
        smtp.login(EMAIL_ADDRESS, SMTP_PASSWORD) #login using email and password
        
        contact_name = request.form['name'] #contact name
        contact_message = request.form['message'] #contact message
        
        email_contact = (f'Subject: Contact Form Submission\n\nThank you for sending in your contact information' 
                            f' via . A copy of what you sent is below, thank you!\n\nSincerely,'
                            f'\n\n\n\n[Your Form information]\nName: {contact_name}\nMessage: {contact_message}')
        email_personal = f'Subject: Contact Submission\n\nName: {contact_name}\nEmail: {USER_ADDRESS}\nMessage: {contact_message}'
        
        #smtp.sendmail(SENDER,RECEIVER, msg)
        smtp.sendmail(EMAIL_ADDRESS, USER_ADDRESS, email_contact)
        smtp.sendmail(EMAIL_ADDRESS, PERSONAL_EMAIL, email_personal)
    return ('', 204)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(use_reloader=True, port=5000, threaded=True)

this is what im using for backend

[daring isle]

maybe make your onClick update the form state, have your api useEffect have the formstate as a listener , and have the form clean after the api post in the useEffect

im not v good with react atm so im not sure if that will work but worth a try

[native tide]

Hi there, anyone have advance python web development video tutorial share with me

[gray shore]

Hi, i need your help. when i try to install gatsby it gives me this error

[zealous elk]

I am getting an error in a flask website I am working on. The details are in #help-apple, please help me.

[astral bramble]

do you know any good proxy list or api ?

[quiet cipher]

api for webdev?

[astral bramble]

api to make a proxy list using that
or get a new working proxy every miniute

[quiet cipher]

can you do that with fastapi?

[brisk mortar]

Can you please tell me how to make the same border ?

Here's what happened to me

[proper hinge]

For starters you can use css to set a margin/padding.

I would probably use flexbox to make this, but that's just cause it's what I am most familiar with.

[slate narwhal]

Hello everyone, does anyone here have experience connecting to MySQL through PHP? I'm having trouble connecting on my Mac and I'm looking for some guidance.

[ionic raft]

Not I. Also, with this being a Python server, the web dev frameworks covered here don't include PHP. However, this is a DB question, so maybe someone in #databases has an idea?

[ionic raft]

You could also use a css framework such as Bootstrap (or Tailwinds). Bootstrap would allow you to fairly easily set padding and borders. Plus, Bootstrap offers an easy way to build grids (based on flex in vanilla css).

[brisk mortar]

This module has not yet opened in my courses, I'm just starting to learn html x css

[ionic raft]

I got started with Flask and then Django (the main Python web development frameworks). I would advise starting with Flask unless you're VERY familiar with back-end web development. I recommend Corey Schafer's tutorials.
Flask: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MwZwr5Tvyxo&list=PL-osiE80TeTs4UjLw5MM6OjgkjFeUxCYH

[ionic raft]

You have two options. Self-learn/teach or wait for the course.
If you self-learn Bootstrap will give you a very powerful shortcut for css.
HOWEVER, you'd probably be better of researching the raw css to build borders.

[brisk mortar]

I signed up for a special course

[ionic raft]

If you're new to css, Flex is quite advanced. I'd focus on borders first.

[ionic raft]

If you're trying to replicate the border on another website and can inspect the page source, then you can reverse engineer.
If you're looking for help here you'll need to share your html and css code snippets.

[ionic raft]

And bear in mind, that trying to replicate style from another page really requires inspecting the html and css files.

[brisk mortar]

To be honest, I don’t understand what this is about, because, as I said earlier, I’m just starting to figure it out

[ionic raft]

I'm going to assume that the course has given you assignments based on the knowledge you've learned so far. Look to what you've been shown and try to identify what you can do

This discord won't solve problems for you. We will try and point you towards directions that with some research and application will support you in solving the problem yourself

[brisk mortar]

And there is

[ionic raft]

So when you look at the html and css so far, have you been shown how to build borders around elements on a page?

[brisk mortar]

I have not reached this video yet, I am a person who first does something, and then looks at how it is done

[ionic raft]

Then you'll be well served to sharpen your research skills. Stack Overflow is a great resource. I'd google along the lines of:
[Stack overflow build border with css]

[ionic raft]

As someone who taught myself html, css, some js, Python, Flask, Django, htmx, I can tell you that effective research for software development concepts is a powerful skill.

[brisk mortar]

This is what I'm learning in courses.

[ionic raft]

🙂 Well, if you want to be on the leading edge, you'll have to do the research to self-teach in the course. Or, wait til the concepts are covered.

[ionic raft]

Looking at those images this is a matter of consistent padding around the text. css has the answers. The advice on "Flex" was solid, and Flex is complex. And, css is also a...less than clear language.

[brisk mortar]

Okay, I understand you. Thanks

[ionic raft]

I do get the urge to ask someone else to solve the problem for you. However, by pointing you in the right direction and not showing you the solution you get to refine the most useful skill in software development...

...problem solving 😄

[brisk mortar]

That's for sure

[ionic raft]

I just spent four days on a logic problem...there comes a point in software development where it's less about research and more about breaking down the problem effectively and building the right logic. For four days I had an assumption in a query that meant it would never work. I don't see it as four long days now, rather, as four days to learn an important lesson about queries and what you include or exclude from the query.

Four days to get this error message working correctly...

It turns out, having a list of services (or event types), a bunch of timeslots to book within, and ensuring that customers don't double book, while you automate conditional discounting is quite tricky 😄 but accomplished in 68 lines of Python 😉 And I'm sure it could be refactored to be quicker...but not today 😄

In this case, the customer can either book for themselves, or staff can book for the customer. Lots of FUN 😄

[native tide]

Please recommend me a tutorial series or something to learn how to fill forms and retrieve data or basically web scrape but without using something heavy like selenium.

My goal rn is to login to https://zoro.tutoreva.com/ and then retrieve the current updates. I did make it possible using selenium but it was not worth it at all. Someone in the server before recommended me that it can be done using requests or urllib only since the thing is just a form but being a complete beginners, I need to learn it from scratch and self-teaching via docs was tough.

[ionic raft]

I'd look out for tutorials on Beautiful Soup for scraping.
Do you want to build forms and retrieve data? You could build that sort of web app in Flask or Django. For either framework, search for Corey Schafer on You Tube. And yes, with json API requests and urllib definitely workable. Depends on their endpoint

[native tide]

I don't want to make web apps. Rather I want to make a script which can access websites, log into it and use it.

[ionic raft]

Hmmm...then you could do that with pure Python. Ask in #python-discussion

[native tide]

I did. No one replied :p

[ionic raft]

Have patience. Keep asking

[native tide]

Alright

[ionic raft]

It's also late in North America. Come back tomorrow.

[native tide]

Ah, good idea.

[inland oak]

https://mastery.games/flexboxzombies/
All u need is killing zombies, and u will be flexing through muscle memory in no time at all

[inland oak]

That is called web scraping.
Limited web scraping available with just requests library and beautiful soup 4

Fully powered web scraping, working with over javascripted web sites should be done in selenium
(At the cost of higher CPU/RAM and etc consumption)

The book is nice overview of all the stuff. Sharpens the 🔪.

Availability of non selenium solutions depends on the site

Its components should not be rendered through JavaScript.
So non selenium solutions aren't usually available to modern solutions like React/Vue/Angular

Regular web sites, which are build with just html/CSS are perfectly scrapable without selenium.
As example sites built in Django or other backend Frameworks directly
As long as Dev did not use js for more dynamic stuff

Web scraping without site owner permissions is highly unethical also, and in some countries against the law
(Because the web site owner wastes additional electricity / CPU / memory / ram and eventually extra money just to accommodate your inhuman bot actions which were not intended for site to be used in its ToS.
A single bot could be consuming web site owner's money intended to accommodate thousands of regular users)

[somber plover]

It's probably worth pointing out the difference here between badly behaved resource hogging web scraping vs. occasional and lightweight scraping (e.g. many moons ago before there were library book reminders, I wrote a python scraper to do a once-a-day overnight job to check library due dates).

The latter kind of scraper poses no ethical problems.

[inland oak]

https://youtu.be/Hh_gIxTitMM

[native tide]

What would you say about this one?
https://zoro.tutoreva.com/
If you have doubts about the website, maybe run it in virtual browser first.

Well, TutorEva app is also available in PlayStore or AppStore if you are from the US so the link is safe but your choice.

I think the website does not have any sort of JavaScript. Maybe pure HTML and CSS.

[inland oak]

Some say it is bad, I say it is great
Because with SQLalchemy we use alembic stuff and having our migrations as a code version controlled in git

And all the removed complexity by using python instead of SQL

U don't want to know how the code is messy in apps who don't use it. It is just pure horror from ancient times.

In the right clean architecture, and with usage of stuff like flyway, we can afford using not ORMs I think, but those are things much less known, more demanding to skills

[serene prawn]

You have to commit your migrations in django applications too 🤔

[astral ledge]

hey guys, i have a generics.createAPIView in django. It works as intended, but how do i make it give PK of the new object in the success response

[serene prawn]

I don't really remember but shouldn't it return whole model back?

[astral ledge]

not sure, I have added fields all to my serializer

but PK field is not there

[serene prawn]

It's probably id and not pk

[astral ledge]

it seems to work actually if I pass in fields

all only returns the editable fields i guess

[serene prawn]

Hm, no, it should return all fields 🤔

[inland oak]

Yup. Django ORM is super similar

[sudden sierra]

It should return the id of the new object in the response, are you using post() or create() in the view?

[astral ledge]

ye i just fucked up with fields, works fine now 🙂

[native tide]

so im making an android app which will communicate with django backend thru a REST api, I need to login users and keep track if they are logged in like django does on web app, now ik django uses a cookie based session system to check logged in users, my question is should i use the same for app as well or go with alternatives like JWT? which one is better in general

[distant panther]

i am working in flask-socketio and getting a error io is not defined

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
    <script defer src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/socket.io/4.0.1/socket.io.js"></script>
    <script defer src="socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>
    <script defer src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.7.1.min.js"></script>
    <title>Website</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="container">
      <div class="messages">
        <div class="msg">Hello There! My name is Steven</div>
      </div>
      <form>
        <input type="text">
        <button type="button" name="button">Send</button>
      </form>
    </div>
  </body>
  <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">
      var socket = io();
      name = prompt("Enter your Name!!")

      socket.on('connect', function(name) {
        console.log(`${name} Joined the Chat!`)
        // socket.emit('joined_', name=name});
      });
  </script>
</html>

code

[molten comet]

Are there any resources on how to learn full stack web development with python, like videos or a website or anything? Preferably free obvious but I'd take any information you guys have.

[quiet cipher]

Cs50 has a web development series

But its not very detailed

But its worth a shot

[round shard]

I have my main.py that is the file that I run. Is there something like discord.py cogs that lets you open routes in another file so that -->

main.py ```py
@app.route("/main")

extra_route.py ```py
@app.route("/extra")

and extra also runs? I can reformulate

[daring isle]

what level you at atm? as theres so much online

import Dialog from '@mui/material/Dialog';
import DialogContent from '@mui/material/DialogContent';
import DialogTitle from '@mui/material/DialogTitle';
import React from 'react'
import { createContext } from "react";

function PopUp(props) {
   
    const PopUpContext = createContext(null);
    const{title, children, openPopup, setOpenPopup} = {...props};


  return (
    <PopUpContext.Provider value={props.openChecklist}>
        
    <Dialog open={openPopup} >
        <DialogTitle>
            {title}
            </DialogTitle>
            <DialogContent>
                {props.children}
                
            </DialogContent>
        
    </Dialog>
    </PopUpContext.Provider>
  )
}

export default PopUp

Im trying to pass data to a children form in a modal.
im doing something wrong because the form component cant find the context.

any ideas

[molten comet]

well i know python a bit, and I have used html, css and JS before, although JS knowledge isnt really too great, and I would like to use django as the backend with sqlite or smth else as the database, I guess I am looking for smth where i get some infos about JS and django

And i guess how you bring the backend and the frontend together exaclty

[molten comet]

.

[daring isle]

pure django is pretty good. Theres a bnging tutorial by codemy on youtube to get you started

[daring isle]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBqJ0-imSMU&t=12035s

[soft nacelle]

h

[daring isle]

or this one is a pretty decent Rest API / React Video. Its pretty long tho

[frank shoal]

react, boo! vue, yay!

[molten comet]

okay thanks! I will look into those

[daring isle]

const handleSubmit = () => {
   
        
        (!props.checkList ? 
            async function postReport() {
                const request = await axios.post(`reporting/checklist/`,values)
        console.log(request.data);        
        forceUpdate();
        return request
        .then(console.log('posted'))
        
        }
        
        : (
            async function putReport() {
                const request = await axios.put(`reporting/checklist/${props.checkList.id}`,values)
            console.log(request.data);        
            forceUpdate();
            return request
            .then(console.log(`putted ID: ${props.checkList.id}`))
                }
            )
        )
          .then((res) => {
            console.log(res);
            
                  
        })
        .catch((err) => {
          console.log('Error Response')
          console.log(err.response)
          console.log('Data package')
          console.log(values);
          
        })
  
  
      
      handleClose()
  
  
  
    };

Can somebody check my syntax

getting this error

im trying to post if theres no object and put if there is

[rustic wigeon]

Your .then is literally hanging off of an else statement - i suggest you use if statements more rather than ternary operators, makes the code a lot cleaner:

const handleSubmit = () => {
  if (!props.checkList) {
      async function postReport() {
      const request = await axios.post(`reporting/checklist/`,values)
      console.log(request.data);
      forceUpdate();
      // something like .then(() => console.log("posted")) is better anyway
      // and EITHER RETURN the request or LOG IT. not both.
      return request
      .then(console.log('posted'))
        
    }
  } else {
    async function putReport() {
        const request = await axios.put(`reporting/checklist/${props.checkList.id}`,values)
      console.log(request.data);
      forceUpdate();
      // don't do this... either console.log the request or return it!
      return request.then(console.log(`putted ID: ${props.checkList.id}`))
    }
    // what goes here?
    .then((res) => {
        console.log(res);              
    })
    .catch((err) => {
      console.log('Error Response')
      console.log(err.response)
      console.log('Data package')
      console.log(values);  
    })

    handleClose()
};

@daring isle

[daring isle]

all the logs is just so i can debug

[daring isle]

thanks for the help, i copied the code but im getting some syntax errors, just trying to resolve

[daring isle]

its saying both my async functions are declared but never read

[daring isle]

const handleSubmit = () => {
   
        try {
        if (!props.checkList) {
            console.log('New Report')
            async function postReport() {
                console.log("Posting")
                console.log(values)
                const request = await axios.post(`reporting/checklist/`,values);
                console.log(request.data);
                console.log("Posted")
                handlePopUpClose(false);        
                props.forceUpdate()
                return request
                
                        
                };
        postReport();
    }
        
        else {
            console.log('Existing Report')
            async function putReport() {
                console.log("Putting")
                const request = await axios.put(`reporting/checklist/${props.checkList.id}`,values);
                console.log(request.data); 
                console.log("Putted")
                handlePopUpClose(false);        
                props.forceUpdate();
                return request;
                
                };
        putReport();
    }      
}
catch (err) {
    console.log(err.response);
    };
    
};

Finally got it working. Thanks for the help dude you really pointed me in the right direction

ill change the console logs to loading gifs or something.
and that catch err is prob redundant but idk. it kept saying not in stack before i got it working

[wooden ruin]

where's a good place to learn about the microservice architecture?

[dusk totem]

https://fullstackpython.com/microservices.html may have the answer for ya

Is Django framework named after a Belgarian-born jazz player? I got curious as to why its called Django.

[proper hinge]

Belgian, but yes it is.

[honest oxide]

Why people don't like horizontal scrolls? they are actually really cool

[dusk totem]

Our mouse doesn't generally and typically have horizontal scrolls.

Unless the site treats vertical scrolls as horizontal events, sure

[wooden ruin]

the only thing i would say about it is that it needs to be properly implemented. horizontal scroll where you have to manually click and drag can be annoying

[native tide]

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')

app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=81)```

i am having problem in rendering index.html

[obtuse robin]

is it in a templates folder

[plucky wadi]

How do i serve media files in django in production (i'm using nginx as my web server and gunicorn as my application server ) whitenoise works for static files , but not for media files.

[outer vortex]

You forgot to import the render_template function:

from flask import Flask, render_template

[late gale]

can someone help me here

@api_view(['POST'])
def user_update(request,pk):
    if request.method == "POST":
        user = User.objects.get(pk=pk)
        try:
            user_p = UserProfile.objects.get(user=user)
        except:
            user_p = UserProfile.objects.create(user=user)

        serializer = UserUpdateSerializer(instance = user_p , data = request.data)

        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()

        return Response(serializer.data)

I'm trying to update user profile but im getting an error
"UserProfile.user" must be a "User" instance.

oh fixed it ty

[native tide]

and the html should be kept in a template folder..... i searched it on google for 1 hour wondering what's wrong with the code

[late gale]

@api_view(['POST'])
def user_update(request,pk):
    if request.method == "POST":
        user = User.objects.get(pk=pk)
        
        try:
            user_p = UserProfile.objects.get(user=user)
        except:
            user_p = UserProfile.objects.create(user=user)
        
        serializer1 = UserSerializer(instance = user , data = request.data)

        serializer2 = UserProfileSerializer(instance = user_p , data = request.data)

        if serializer1.is_valid() and serializer2.is_valid():
            serializer1.save()
            serializer2.save()

        Serializer_list = [serializer1.data, serializer2.data]
        

        return Response(Serializer_list)

Why don't the serializers save the data

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['id', 'username', 'email']


class UserProfileSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = UserProfile
        fields = '__all__'

[late gale]

here's my console

Method Not Allowed: /api/user/update/1
[14/Jun/2022 17:11:14] "GET /api/user/update/1 HTTP/1.1" 405 5631
[14/Jun/2022 17:11:16] "POST /api/user/update/1 HTTP/1.1" 200 5811

[late gale]

I printed out the serializer1.validated_data and got the data but when I printed out serializer2.validated_data I got an empty braces

found an error
The submitted data was not a file. Check the encoding type on the form.

{
    "id": 1,
    "username": "user4",
    "email": "[e-mail]",
    "image": "/media/default.png"
}

That's the json Im giving

[charred cedar]

what language mode do you guys use when writing flask/django templates?
it seems i can only have emmet shortcuts OR have jinja shortcuts.

[thorny quartz]

is it possible to get data on popup without ajax but using javascript in django

[sudden sierra]

Use Base64ImageField from this package if you want to submit an image
https://github.com/Hipo/drf-extra-fields

[late gale]

gonna try it

ty

[ionic raft]

jinja all the way. I've not needed to use a templating language other than jinja.

[ionic raft]

The joys of learning a new web dev framework. You won't forget that lesson learned 😄

[ionic raft]

In a webpage? I wouldn't use horizontal scroll (99% of the time) because of UX. You lose design coherence, interrupt the flow of information, and inconvenience the user to scroll. Plus, if your page width already leads to a horizontal flow I can only imagine what the mobile responsive view is like.

Now I'm not saying there is never a use case for horizontal flow. But I cannot think of an instance in any web project I've coded where it struck me as something required or that would enhance the user experience. But then, I guess I'm fussy about creating web applications that place a premium on the UX.

[ionic raft]

Lazy answer: You can configure a media volume in nginx.
Better answer: Don't use a Django to serve media files for a production project. There are security issues with doing so, and it will mean Django is no longer stateless. If your project grows this will present big load balancing issues down the road.

[thorny quartz]

what's jinja bro ? can you explain it for me

[golden bone]

https://realpython.com/primer-on-jinja-templating/

[ionic raft]

It's actually quite intuitive. Jinja allows you to manage presentation logic so that a web page can be dynamically built. You can do for loops, conditional ifs, call variables, and build urls on the fly. The link above will get you started.

I've pulled off some pretty funky presentation tricks with jinja. Solid AF

[golden bone]

Haven't actually used it but looks similar to Flask https://realpython.com/fastapi-python-web-apis/

[thorny quartz]

basically means better than django templates

tags

[ionic raft]

They should have made her hair "ginger" tho...just sayin 😉

[golden bone]

I've always kind of wondered if it's named for https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinja,_Uganda

[viscid valley]

The new Django 4.0 seems a huge mess. My urls.py don't seem to work, just the entry one for the project. Any way to remedy this?

[charred cedar]

I'm sorry, I meant to ask what extension is used in vscode. When I toggle the file to, "Django html" I lose all of my emmet commands

[ionic raft]

I'm on django 4.0. Can you share your urls.py?

[ionic raft]

Whatduyaknow! A place called, Jinja.
Still makes me think of ginger hair tho

[paper yacht]

I've tried the example in official django documentation for version 4.1 no problem

[ionic raft]

I've got a couple of projects on the go for Django==4.0.4. All good here

[viscid valley]

They're split into apps the only one ever seeming to be searched seems to be main

Worked fine <4.0 seems

[ionic raft]

Have you included the new apps in the project's urls.py? All my existing and new url structures are working just fine. I'd also check that the url patterns are built correctly.

[viscid valley]

How do you include them?

thanks for the help btw.

[ionic raft]

Then I'd check that the views are calling the correct templates and are imported into the patterns

[thorny quartz]

wow

[viscid valley]

I mean, a simple import of urls from each?

This wasn't required before.

[ionic raft]

from django.urls import include

urlpatterns = [

    # App includes
    path('', include('app_name.urls')),
]```

[thorny quartz]

are you serious ? i am doing this from django 3.6

[viscid valley]

Very serious

[paper yacht]

i suppose it was introduced in version even 2.x

[ionic raft]

Basically, each app's urls need to be included in the project's urls.py file to be included in the search...

[viscid valley]

I'm happy for you though, if you're not going to contribute to the discussion no need to chime in thank you though.

[thorny quartz]

yeah

[viscid valley]

I see thanks a ton. Can you provide any docs?

[thorny quartz]

open the djangodocs

everything is there

[ionic raft]

The ROOT_URLCONF = in settings.py will identify the project's urls.py file. The includes will add each app's url patterns into the search

[viscid valley]

Right on making sense now, thanks a lot man 🙂

[ionic raft]

That structure was as true for 3.6 as it is for 4.0 🙂 Good luck

[viscid valley]

Thanks man, my project is quite out, got a lot of tinkering to do! A lot worked that suddenly doesn't. Thank you for the help!

Working fine by the way.

[thorny quartz]

@ionic raft jinja looks same as django tags

[ionic raft]

Yah. Basically, the project's urls.py will be used for the build of all routes. The includes will bring all urls from all apps in. When you add an app, you want to add the include to the project's urls.py file to your to-do list for configuring the app

[ionic raft]

Yes. Django templating is based off of jinja 🙂

[thorny quartz]

But whats the point then ?

[ionic raft]

The point?

[thorny quartz]

I mean what’s the benifit ?

Benefit

[ionic raft]

Many! Jinja let's you build dynamic webpages with presentation logic. Jinja is a core component of django web apps. Wouldn't work without a way of handling presentation logic

[viscid valley]

How are urls with regex handled now?

I see url has changed to path.

[steel delta]

Can we ask for help or guide here?

[thorny quartz]

Ok one more thing can i get data in popup box in django template without ajax but using javascript

[ionic raft]

I'd check https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ for deeper questions 🙂

As a rule of thumb, I start with documentation and find the answers I need 80% of the time. Then I come here

Actually, I go to Stack Overflow 2nd...THEN come here 😄

Plus, by referring to the docs you bypass bad advice...which happens

[ionic raft]

Certainly. Ask away. We won't solve problems, but we'll do our best to point you in the right direction. That way you learn. 🙂

[thorny quartz]

Always remember google is your best friend

[ionic raft]

I'll include the words "stack overflow" in my searches for code issues

[thorny quartz]

Hey @ionic raft answer this

[ionic raft]

I shy away from pop ups... I use the messages library instead. I dislike them in general. So can't help I'm sad to say...

pop ups have been abused by scammers and have come to make my teeth ache

[steel delta]

Any guide on how do I pass an integer value into foreign key value, I keep getting value error of instance, thanks!

[ionic raft]

Can you share the error here?

[thorny quartz]

Is htmx is useful ?

To use in template ?

[ionic raft]

I LOVE htmx!

[ionic raft]

I've been making HUGE use of htmx for inline forms (Parent and child in same form). AMAZING to have ajax without having ajax. Very dynamic and fast!

[ionic raft]

You need to store the object, not the id. Are you following?

[thorny quartz]

Can you give any docs or something so i can learn ?

[ionic raft]

Basically, it looks like you're sending the id attribute. Go one level higher and pass the object.

[steel delta]

I need to like reference the the integer to the id

[ionic raft]

A FK is actually the object (or queryset)

[ionic raft]

If you're filling an FK you need to pass the object (queryset).

[steel delta]

Thanks for the guide!😁

[ionic raft]

It helps to think like a DB. The FK from the ORM's perspective is actually a link to the related instance (the record on the other table). You'll be glad of this in the long run because by accessing the reference you can get at all the FK's attributes through a query directly.

If you need the id/pk then you call on the .id attribute.

And to think, I only started with Django last July. Amazing how much i've learned in close to a year 😄

[thorny quartz]

Bro give me any best link or docs something to learn htmx please

[thorny quartz]

Good to you bro

[ionic raft]

hmm....I am not a pro at htmx...but I found a solid youtube tutorial...I searched for htmx and django. A couple of banger vids came up.

[thorny quartz]

Ok

[ionic raft]

I watched what they did, then adapted.

Setting up htmx to replace inline forms is a bit tricky at first. But it's amazing when you get it working. Django's inlineformfactories are kind of arse TBH

[thorny quartz]

Thanks bro 😊

[ionic raft]

Good luck. I've got 3 projects with htmx in them. I keep the base htmx script in my base.py file for all projects. Wouldn't build a Django app without htmx now 😄

[viscid valley]

With urls.py urls aren't without / what's the proper regex to remedy this?

[ionic raft]

I started with Django 3.x and have never used regex for patterns. Just thinking of it makes my teeth ache. I'd check the django docs and then stack overflow for that question (unless someone else pipes up here of course).

[viscid valley]

I feel you, how do you pull specific pk's and such?

[ionic raft]

In the view/query?

[native tide]

I guess

[viscid valley]

Crazy static files show up in brave, but not chrome or firefox.

Says not found 404.

but appears fine in brave.

Oh turns out all static is foobar oopps

[blazing sage]

how do I scroll down a table in selenium?

[viscid valley]

@blazing sage ```py
element = driver.find_element_by_id('some_id')
element.location_once_scrolled_into_view

Can also inject js

[blazing sage]

thanks

but I also have another problem

When I use headless for selenium it won't return any info. What do I do?

[slate narwhal]

Hello everyone, I'm just looking for some guidance here
I'm trying to create a website, when a button is pressed I want to pull information from a database and display it on the users screen.
How would I make the button pull information from the database after it is clicked?
I already have my PHP connected to a MYSQL database

[ionic raft]

As this is a Python discord, most experience here will be with Flask and Django. I have no experience with PHP but maybe someone else does.
On the plus side, if you've got a connection between PHP and MySQL, maybe you could google "Stack Overflow PHP MySQL read and display data"

[wind dove]

I need opinions, does that look like it's a scam? Obviously I know it's not since I made it but do you think your average user would be sketched out by that?
I will make the css better eventually but it might end up like this on the initial release

[proper hinge]

The styling of the buttons is too tacky for my tastes. I think it would look more legit if you used the logo of the service. That's what most websites do. Some examples:

These are sign ins but a pairing function would also fall under a similar style I think

[wind dove]

Alright yeah I agree with that! I tried doing something like that initially but was going for something more like a single image instead of the text & image. Thank you so much!

[slate narwhal]

Thank you!

[proper hinge]

No problem. Good luck.

[wind dove]

While still far from perfect this looks 1 billion times better tysm!

Just going to mess with the size of the images probably

and possibly the font

[proper hinge]

Yeah it's a good start.

[proper hinge]

Not possibly. Definitely change it.

It's very out of place

[wind dove]

Yeah true ty :D

I prefer backend lol

[proper hinge]

Me too.

I tend to just make something decent, but uninspired/generic. Typically relying on default styling of the frontend framework

[wind dove]

You see, when I started this project about a month ago I challenged myself to do it with bare css because I wanted to learn at least the basics, now I'm strongly regretting it but trying to implement a framework now will either a.) require me redoing all of the styling (which sounds like hell) or b.) just randomly start using it which would make the stylings not match too well and also just code wise a horrorshow

Goddamn I forgot how to write in english while typing that at first lol.

Then again, with how I'm writing my css it's already a horror show lol

[proper hinge]

Doing it from scratch certainly is a challenge, and can be fun in some sense. But it doesn't result in nearly as much productivity. I am perhaps one of the few people who likes CSS but I admit it has its fair share of confusing and frustrating things.

At least you learn a lot, I hope.

[wind dove]

I hope I do too lol, I think I have learned atleast something.

[wind dove]

Yeah, I'm used to ditching a project after a few days because of school messing with my schedule, but with summer I never got that excuse so now this challenge went from a one week challenge to a everlasting challenge

[proper hinge]

In an introductory course in uni we were given an HTML file and had to style it without changing the HTML. I went really far and learned a lot of relatively advanced things like using psuedo elements. It's surprising how far you can get with just CSS.

[wind dove]

That sounds both really informative and really painful, though I bet once you get the hang of it it feels very rewarding.

[dusk sonnet]

Hi, how can i force a element's scrollbar to always be at the bottom everytime the page is loaded?

[obtuse robin]

i think making all the boxes match the width of the about me box would also make it look more clean

but don’t change the ones that are already smaller than the about me box

[obtuse robin]

css is very fun for me too lol, seems like not many ppl like it though

[obtuse robin]

some javascript to automatically move the page down?

i’m not quite sure what you mean though

[dusk sonnet]

ye

[dusk sonnet]

ok so i have a div in the middle of my page with an overflow: scroll; and what i want to do in JS is everytime that div is loaded, automatically force the scrollbar to be at the bottom

[obtuse robin]

how long is the div? is it a constant value or a percentage

[dusk sonnet]

vh

[obtuse robin]

oh i see

you can probably make a vh to pixel converter in javascript

and using that

move the page down that much when it’s automatically loaded

[dusk sonnet]

i dont know what that is lol

or how to even do that

[obtuse robin]

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18387490/how-do-i-convert-a-height-of-an-element-given-in-vh-to-pixels

or

grab the length of the div instead of converting

and move the scroll bar down that way

[dusk sonnet]

by length do u mean scrollHeight?

Iv tried doing something like this but it doesnt work

const bottom_scroll = (node) => {
    node.scrollTop = node.scrollHeight
}

it only works if you do a hard reload/refresh of the page lol

[obtuse robin]

could it work if you specifically refresh the div

?

or do you also not want thst

[dusk sonnet]

na

[obtuse robin]

hm i see

[dusk sonnet]

can u explain abit more

i thought u were asking if my current method works

[obtuse robin]

instead of refreshing the page, you can refresh specific parts of a page

[dusk sonnet]

na that wouldnt suffice because when the user clicks on the link to go to that page, i want the scrollbar to be at the bottom

because if its not at the bottom the user will first see the older messages rather than the most recent

[obtuse robin]

what are you making?

a chat app

[dusk sonnet]

ye

pretty much almost done just tweaking things

[timber jungle]

Hello
How do i allow javascript with Flask Talisman ( https://pypi.org/project/flask-talisman ), please?

[dusk sonnet]

anyone know if developer tools affect functionality? i have a function where window.onload = scroll to bottom of div however this function only works if the developer tools are opened. If they are not opened the function doesnt work.

its so odd

[daring isle]

using React/Django : wheres the best place to make API calls for user info?
I have them in a home page component atm, but i'll need user data across the app.

Should i be just making my calls from Index?

This is likely v opinion based

[wind dove]

I'm assuming you're referencing the one's with the Twitter and Snapchat label, if so I do plan on that, just I'm procrastinating adding OAuth for them :D

And the School one will be changed too, though I don't know how I'm going to implement that yet as I don't want users being able to type a random school. I'll probably do some school email authentication or something

[obtuse robin]

oh alright i see

[viscid valley]

After spending days upgrading to Django 4.0 nothing seems to work. Especially path(r'auth/', include('accounts.urls')), Nothing from auth seems to work. Any way to remedy this? Perhaps a working example.

[wind dove]

Despite the jokes I said in the messages prior to that, I honestly don't completely hate it. The times I do hate it however is when some styling you add requires you to add like 5 things prior to being able to use it.

[wind dove]

Is accounts in your installed apps?

[wind dove]

Also any errors? Or is it just a 404?

[viscid valley]

Yes it is

[viscid valley]

Just a 404, says it can't find it in any urls

Current urls.py ```py
urlpatterns = [
path(r'', Index.as_view(), name='index'),
path(r'grappelli', include('grappelli.urls')), # grappelli URLS
path(r'ckeditor', include('ckeditor_uploader.urls')),
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path(r'auth/', include('accounts.urls')),
path('accounts/', include('django.contrib.auth.urls')),
path(r'^payment/', include('payment.urls')),
path(r'^tracking/', include('tracking.urls')),
path(r'^', include('main.urls')),

# Main App Include
path('', include('main.urls')),
# Auth

]``` excuse the mess

@wind dove

[wind dove]

Just another thing I saw, I forget which order it reads it but wouldn't one of these not work?

    path(r'', Index.as_view(), name='index'),
    path('', include('main.urls')),

Could be wrong as your urls.py is more complex than any I've used before

[viscid valley]

the url I'm trying is

http://localhost:8000/auth/log_out/

[wind dove]

Could you send the accounts.urls?

[viscid valley]

Somehow it works, I was wondering the same.

Switching from url without use of regex to path has really killed me dude.

[wind dove]

Oh wait, I understand how that works now, one is an include one is just a single page.

[viscid valley]

It just werks.

Ah ok, one is a view, one is just including another urls.py

[wind dove]

if it was the other way around it wouldn't work though lol

I think

Yeah, could you send the accounts.urls?

[viscid valley]

from django.urls import path
from accounts.views import *

from accounts.views import AuthLogin
from django.urls import path, re_path

urlpatterns = [
    re_path(r'^log_in/$', AuthLogin.as_view(), name='log_in'),
    path(r'^sign_up/$', SignUp.as_view(), name='sign_up'),
    path(r'^activate/(?P<key>.+)$', Activate, name='activate'),

    path(r'^premium/$', Premium_check.as_view(), name='premium_check'),

    path(r'^log_out/$', auth_logout, name='log_out'),

    path(r'^pass_recovery/$', PasswordRecovery.as_view(), name='pass_recovery'),
    path(r'^pass_reset/(?P<key>.+)$', PasswordReset.as_view(), name='pass_reset'),

]

Thanks a lot for the help bro

Oh, no regex, fixed

[wind dove]

?

Is it working? If not, I apologize as I don't think im going to be of much help

[viscid valley]

Well, it's using path.

but contains regex, so I simply used re_path instead.

[wind dove]

Oh

[viscid valley]

url supported regex

Path doesn't

As far as I know.

[wind dove]

Yeah, I don't think I can really help as I have always put off learning regex and this is too confusing for me now lol

[viscid valley]

Oh, go learn some LISP.

It was one of my first languages I'm really fond of it, but kids these days aren't. Don't blame em.

[wind dove]

I'm currently learning both Java and the c family; I already got way too much on my plate, I will look into it though!

c family as in c/c++, and lightly on c#.

[viscid valley]

What're you doing in all of them?

I've been using C# since it came out, been using it to make crappy Unity games. Took a stance to stop gaming and spend time creating them instead. Curious how long I'll last. Elden Ring is looking pretty juicy!

[craggy flax]

import numpy as np

def keygen(chaos_func, length, *args):
xn = chaos_map(chaos_func, length, args)
key = np.around(xn1e9) % 256
return key.astype(int)

def chaos_map(func, length, x0, *args, **kwargs):

generated_map = [x0]

x_n = x0

for i in range(length):
    x_next = func(x_n, *args)
    generated_map.append(x_next)
    x_n = x_next
    
return np.array(generated_map[:-1])

def diffuse(key, image, inv=False):
ciphertext = np.bitwise_xor(key, image.flatten()) % 256
return ciphertext

def encrypt(image, key, iterations=1):
confused = arnold_cat(image, iterations)
ciphertext = np.bitwise_xor(key, confused.flatten()) % 256
return ciphertext.reshape(image.shape)

def arnold_cat(img, iterations=1, inv=False):
try:
image = img.clone()
except AttributeError:
image = img.copy()

N = image.shape[0]
x,y = np.meshgrid(range(N), range(N))
xmap = (2*x+y) % N
ymap = (x+y) % N

if inv:
    xmap = (2*x-y) % N
    ymap = (-x+y) % N
    
for i in range(iterations):
    image = image[xmap, ymap]
    
return image

def decrypt(ciphertext, key, iterations=1):
inv_diffusion = np.bitwise_xor(ciphertext.flatten(), key) % 256
recovered = arnold_cat(inv_diffusion.reshape(ciphertext.shape), iterations, inv=True)
return recovered

def improved_sine(x, alpha):
assert 2 < alpha
coeff = (alpha-2) / (alpha * (1 - np.sin(np.pi/alpha) ) )
const = (alpha-1) / alpha
return coeff * (np.sin(np.pi*x) - 1) + const

def sine_map(x, sigma):
return sigma * np.sin(np.pi * x)

def logistic_map(x, r):
return r * x * (1-x)

Can anyone tell me how this code works please

[ionic raft]

If you use backticks your code will be much easier to read:

if backticks:
    print("`")```

[ionic raft]

Is there a reason you're still using regex in paths?

[native tide]

anyone can help with parsing args in py flask?

[native tide]

i made this todo list for my future

[golden bone]

Don't feel like you need to master all those things before you can get an engineering job. If you can complete one decent and original project in Django or even Flask or FastAPI, it's not implausible to get a job