j’ai but not je ai

[paper hearth]

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j’ai but not je ai

[compact shell]

this is because of elision
elision is the process causing certain specific words to have their last vowel replaced by an apostrophe when followed by a vowel or mute h.
Such words include: je, ne, le, la, de, que, me, te, se...

[timber panther]

french doesnt like having two vowels in a row and that elision is standardized

[half estuary]

so can i use j' viens de Paris ? instead of je viens de Paris

[compact shell]

no, "je" doesn't elide in that case because the next word "viens" doesn't start vith a vowel
(you may see natives use that as a way to mimic fast oral speech but that's not how it normally works)

the reason you have "j'ai" instead of "je ai" is because "ai", the word following "je", starts with a vowel

[half estuary]

a,e,i,o,u are vowels right?

[compact shell]

yeah

[half estuary]

then why we write j'ai habite but not je habite

[compact shell]

j'habite (present tense)
j'ai habité (past tense)

if your question is still on the elision, it's because habiter starts with a mute h with basically acts as a vowel when it comes to elision

[half estuary]

can you explain why il without e but elle with e at the end?

il est amusant, elle est amusante

[compact shell]

"amusant(e)(s)" is an adjective.
Adjectives in French have 4 forms (masculine singular, feminine singular, masculine plural, feminine plural)
They have to agree with the noun they're qualifying, meaning they have to match the gender and number of that noun. Because "il" is masculine, "amusant" uses the masculine form. Because "elle" is feminine, "amusante" uses the feminine form

[half estuary]

thank you so much, it est très useful

[half estuary]

@compact shell when we use salut and when we use bonjour