dondondonki0390

[icy hemlock]

Please be patient

Our volunteers look into many questions every day; sometimes it takes them a little while to answer.

Pro tip: you can rename the thread title with `.tr <thread name>`

Make it descriptive, including relevant context, but also to the point. This way you improve your chances of getting a more relevant and specific answer.

[pliant moat]

destroyed by the bombardements

[toxic basin]

Is it a past pasticiple?

[waxen linden]

Yep

Détruire is the verb meaning “to destroy”

J’ai détruit

• Détruit is the past participle

Détruites just makes agreement with the gender

Celle is used before détruites because it means “those.”

“… water treatment stations to replace those destroyed by the bombardments.”

[shell cypress]

You seem to ask this type of question a lot so just for that, past participles are technically adjectives and can be used as such.

[toxic basin]

So celles can be used on its own without que?

[toxic basin]

Yeah I am not good at identifying past participles

Sorry

[shell cypress]

That’s fine

[waxen linden]

Yeah and it’s sometimes easier than writing:

• Celles qui ont été détruites par les bombardements.

Another example is like:

“The photos destroyed by my father” (passive voice)

You can say:

• Les photos détruites par mon père.
  or
• Les photos qui ont été détruites par mon père.

of course the first one would sound better in that sense.

[toxic basin]

Ohh I see, thank you!

[pliant moat]

It’ll come with more practice man the more words u know the more you u can pick out just keep putting in the work you’ll see the results

[toxic basin]

Is there a pattern for past participle?

[shell cypress]

(1) For -er verbs, replace the ending with -é
parler > parlé
aller -> allé
manger -> mangé

(2a) For most -ir verbs, remove the -r to get just -i
finir -> fini
partir -> parti
applaudir - applaudi
(2b) Some -ir verbs are irregular, particularly -oir which are… unstable
tenir -> tenu (pattern also followed by venir)
mourir -> mort
souffrir -> souffert (pattern followed by couvrir, découvrir, offrir)
voir -> vu
pouvoir -> pu
apercevoir -> aperçu

(3a) -re verbs are irregular but follow some patterns: most -re replaces it by -u
mordre -> mordu
rendre -> rendu
prétendre -> prétendu
(3b) prendre and its derivatives take take pris
prendre -> pris
apprendre -> appris
comprendre -> compris
(3c) mettre and its derivatives take mis
mettre -> mis
admettre -> admis
commettre-> commis
(3d) -indre takes -int
atteindre -> atteint
peindre -> peint
contraindre -> contraint
(3d) -ire tends to be -it
conduire -> conduit
dire -> dit
construire -> construit

[toxic basin]

So if I would like to differentiate which part of speech does the past participle act in a sentence, I would have to see if there is an auxillary verb or not and if the p.p. itself acts like an adjective?

[shell cypress]

Yup

If there’s no auxiliary, it’s going to be acting as an adjective