1): I think it might be easier to first show the computer and how powerful it is before talking about how its built. Kinda like how Veritasium might show in a thumbnail or intro of the cool subject matter, then work their way backwards to explain how its so cool. You have to REALLY grab the viewer's attention in the first couple of seconds, they're making a snap judgment as to whether to spend the next 12 minutes of their life on the vid or not. This doesn't mean you need mr beast style editing or some super zoomer stuff, just means that you have to engage and reward the viewer early on before proceeding to educate them. It took a long time to show
2): im not really sure why there are so many jumps in scenery? maybe it was just a cool filming location but for me it gets a bit distracting personally
3): You don't actually explain why Von Neumann architecture is so important or necessary for a computer, you explain what it is (and it could use some on-screen text since there's the list of 5 things you're mentioning) but to a layperson who doesnt know computing (or to a CS grad like me who forgot to pay attention during computer architecture LOL) im kinda left confused as to why I should care. If anything, it makes me think that I am not the target audience for this - only people with a background in computing who knows about Von Neumann are supposed to watch. Turing completeness was explained better but it still wasn't clear WHY it's such a big deal to be Turing complete
4): its visibly very difficult to understand whats going on with the register, I wonder if there's a more colorful or clearer design that could be used for a viewer to see whats currently stored in the register
5): I don't think you needed to bring up 2's complement at all, especially because it's not clear to a layperson what 2's complement is and why it's so essential for computing versus unsigned/1's complement. Again, gotta remember the target audience
6): As big and objectively cool the device is, to a viewer it's not clear why this is such a cool deal. Okay, it adds and subtracts, so what?
Overall I think the biggest huge important thing to work on is really the scriptwriting - communicating these topics it's important to remember that the target audience is probably working from very little, and you have to not only handhold them but to convince them to not let go of your hand to play Fortnite instead. For example, you use the word CPU around 9:30ish but before that I believe you were only calling the device a "computer", so to a layperson they're probably wondering where the CPU is and not making the connection that this whole device is the CPU.