Daily Chemical | Formula One | Page 1

zealous violet Dec 30, 2022, 5:35 PM

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ok good

unkempt mist Dec 30, 2022, 5:35 PM

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⚗️

shut canyon Dec 30, 2022, 5:35 PM

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HCL

glad violet Dec 30, 2022, 5:35 PM

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the what

zealous violet Dec 30, 2022, 5:35 PM

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Bupivacaine is an amide agent capable of producing long-lasting anesthesia.
It is one of the n-alkyl-substituted pipecholy xylidines. Bupivacaine is widely used as a local anesthetic and extensively works for infiltration, peripheral nerve block, and epidural and spinal anesthesia. However, the unintended intravascular injection of bupivacine might cause seizures leading to a cardiovascular collapse.

shut canyon Dec 30, 2022, 5:35 PM

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PES_Exit

glad violet Dec 30, 2022, 5:35 PM

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thank you for this information i did not need to know

indigo acorn Dec 30, 2022, 5:35 PM

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Oxygen

glad violet Dec 30, 2022, 5:36 PM

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i shall continue forwards in life having gained this fragment of knowledge

glad violet Dec 30, 2022, 5:36 PM

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indigo acorn Oxygen

that's an element

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hidethepaincarlos

zealous violet Dec 30, 2022, 5:36 PM

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thank you I will come back tomorrow with a new chemical

unkempt mist Dec 30, 2022, 5:36 PM

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@jaunty solstice

indigo acorn Dec 30, 2022, 5:36 PM

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glad violet that's an element

chemical element cheekytoto

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I’m too stoopid for this, lets go back to cereal milk

glad violet Dec 30, 2022, 5:36 PM

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but
like

oxygen is just an element

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hidethepaincarlos

zealous violet Dec 30, 2022, 5:37 PM

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I will tag our chemistry lovers in this too

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@jade adder @mossy thicket

fickle crane Dec 30, 2022, 5:40 PM

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When Benzo[k]fluoranthene

zealous violet Dec 30, 2022, 5:40 PM

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fickle crane When Benzo[k]fluoranthene

maybe tomorrow

jaunty solstice Dec 30, 2022, 5:41 PM

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unkempt mist <@335935177438134272>

What?

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I am the powerhouse of the cell.

unkempt mist Dec 30, 2022, 5:44 PM

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jaunty solstice What?

I thought you like chemistry

glad violet Dec 30, 2022, 5:44 PM

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well, she is the powerhouse of the cell

jaunty solstice Dec 30, 2022, 5:45 PM

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unkempt mist I thought you like chemistry

I do like chemistry.

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I especially liked it in high school.

zealous violet Dec 31, 2022, 11:04 AM

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daily chemical #2

Caffeic acid is an organic compound that is classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid.
It is found in all plants as it is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of lignin, one of the principal components of woody plant biomass and its residues. Free caffeic acid can be found in a variety of beverages, including brewed coffee and red wine. It is found at relatively high levels in herbs of the mint family, especially thyme, sage and spearmint, and in spices, such as Ceylon cinnamon and star anise.

mossy thicket Dec 31, 2022, 12:10 PM

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I’m very glad you mentioned caffeic acid, it’s one of the major flavour spice molecules

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Cinnamon mainly, hence hydroxycinnamic and as you mentioned found in abundance in Ceylon (Sri Lankan) cinnamon

zealous violet Jan 1, 2023, 11:18 AM

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daily chemical #3

as the new year begins, hopefully you can leave this chemical behind from your life.
Acetaldehyde is a colorless liquid or gas, boiling near room temperature. It is one of the most important aldehydes, occurring widely in nature and being produced on a large scale in industry. It is also produced by the partial oxidation of ethanol by the liver enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase and is a contributing cause of hangover after alcohol consumption.

zealous violet Jan 2, 2023, 12:36 PM

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daily chemical #4

Diethyl malonate, also known as DEM, is the diethyl ester of malonic acid.
It occurs naturally in grapes and strawberries as a colourless liquid with an apple-like odour, and is used in perfumes. DEM has a sweet and fruity taste with apple and pineapple nuances, and is therefore used in many artificial flavourings. It is also used to synthesise other compounds such as Vitamin B1 and B6.

zealous violet Jan 3, 2023, 10:42 AM

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daily chemical #5

Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color.
Historically, indigo was a natural dye extracted from the leaves of Indigofera tinctoria. The primary use for indigo is as a dye for cotton yarn, mainly used in the production of denim cloth suitable for blue jeans; on average, a pair of blue jeans requires just 3 grams to 12 grams of dye. Smaller quantities are used in the dyeing of wool and silk. Most indigo dye produced today is synthetic, constituting several thousand tons each year. It is most commonly associated with the production of denim cloth and blue jeans, where its properties allow for effects such as stone washing and acid washing to be applied quickly.

zealous violet Jan 4, 2023, 8:41 AM

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daily chemical #6

Cinnamic acid is an organic compound which can be obtained from cinnamon oil.
It is a white crystalline compound that is slightly soluble in water, and freely soluble in many organic solvents. Cinnamic acid has a honey-like odor, and is used in flavorings, synthetic indigo, and certain pharmaceuticals. A major use is as a precursor to produce various cinnamates for the perfume industry.

jaunty solstice Jan 4, 2023, 7:20 PM

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zealous violet daily chemical #6 Cinnamic acid is an organic compound which can be obtained f...

Hmmm used in synthetic indigo...

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While indigo dye was your last chemical...

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https://tenor.com/view/hmm-dot-dot-dot-stick-figure-intresting-gif-23376515

Tenor

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https://tenor.com/view/megan-interesting-gif-14176736

Tenor

zealous violet Jan 4, 2023, 7:22 PM

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jaunty solstice Hmmm used in synthetic indigo...

synthetic indigo is a liquid, not just the pure dye, and lots of flavonoids and oils are used to make it useable for dyeing

jaunty solstice Jan 4, 2023, 7:22 PM

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zealous violet synthetic indigo is a liquid, not just the pure dye, and lots of flavonoids and ...

INTERESTING

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I SENSE A CONSPIRACY THAT YOU'RE TRYING TO COVER UP

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I'LL GET TO THE BOTTOM OF THIS

zealous violet Jan 4, 2023, 7:23 PM

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it’s also vaguely similar to a precursor for indigo dye apparently

jaunty solstice Jan 4, 2023, 7:23 PM

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So you don't even need leaves from Indigofera tinctoria to make indigo dye.

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You can use that as a precursor, add some stuff, and make it anyway.

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This knowledge will cause the entire indigo dye industry to collapse.

zealous violet Jan 4, 2023, 7:24 PM

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uh

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not that

jaunty solstice Jan 4, 2023, 7:25 PM

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zealous violet not that

The truth is already out.

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There's no use hiding it.

zealous violet Jan 4, 2023, 7:25 PM

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there’s the process

jaunty solstice Jan 4, 2023, 7:26 PM

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Seems easy.

zealous violet Jan 4, 2023, 7:26 PM

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that’s trans-cinnamic acid though

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double bond’s on the other side

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makes it easier for steric reasons apparently

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oh no it literally doesn’t even matter lol

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they just used a different diagram

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trans-cinnamic acid (left) vs cis-cinnamic acid (right)

onyx portal Jan 4, 2023, 9:10 PM

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cinematic acid when

zealous violet Jan 5, 2023, 9:11 AM

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daily chemical #7

Theobromine is the principal alkaloid of the cacao plant (Theobroma cacao).
It is slightly water-soluble and has a bitter taste. Though theobromine is the primary alkaloid found in cocoa and chocolate, it is also found in tea leaves and kola nut. Cocoa butter only contains trace amounts of theobromine. There are usually higher concentrations of theobromine found in dark chocolate than in milk chocolate, contributing to the more bitter flavour associated with dark chocolate. Theobromine has no significant stimulating effects on the human body.

zealous violet Jan 5, 2023, 9:22 AM

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zealous violet daily chemical #7 Theobromine is the principal alkaloid of the cacao plant (*T...

appendix (i): on theobromine and caffeine

Perhaps one reason why chocolate and coffee go so well together is because of the similar structures of their respective molecules. Within the body, caffeine is metabolised to form primarily paraxanthene, and also theobromine. The similarity of their structures can be seen in the diagram below, with theobromine on the left and caffeine on the right.

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appendix (ii): on the name “theobromine”

The name “theobromine” itself comes from the plant it is derived from, *Theobroma cacao,” with the suffix “-ine” given to alkaloids and other basic nitrogen-containing compounds. Theobroma itself is made up of the Greek roots theo ("god") and broma ("food"), meaning "food of the gods.”

Despite containing the word “bromine” in the name, theobromine contains no bromine.

jaunty solstice Jan 6, 2023, 7:51 AM

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HEY

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WHERE'S MY DAILY CHEMICAL?

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SHOWCASE DICYANOACETYLENE @zealous violet

zealous violet Jan 6, 2023, 7:52 AM

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jaunty solstice WHERE'S MY DAILY CHEMICAL?

coming soon™️

zealous violet Jan 6, 2023, 7:52 AM

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jaunty solstice SHOWCASE DICYANOACETYLENE <@232770059645353985>

I shall take it into consideration

jaunty solstice Jan 6, 2023, 7:54 AM

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Dicyanoacetylene is my favorite because it's super hot and created cyanide as a byproduct.

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That cyanide then easily bonds with hydrogen in the atmosphere and becomes hydrogen cyanide.

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Hydrogen cyanide then kills people by disrupting the electronics of your body.

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What a great compound.

zealous violet Jan 6, 2023, 7:58 AM

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eh I’d rather do chromyl chloride if I was doing dangerous compounds

zealous violet Jan 6, 2023, 9:24 AM

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daily chemical #8

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an aminopolycarboxylic acid.
It is a white, water-soluble solid, commonly used to bind metal ions such as Fe2+, Fe3+, Ca2+, and Mn2+. In industries such as paper and textile, EDTA is used to inhibit metal ions from catalysing oxidative decomposition. For this reason, some foods also contain trace amounts of EDTA, such as in soft drinks, where EDTA prevents ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate from forming benzene, a carcinogen.

EDTA is also used in the water softening industry due to its ability to bind metal ions, which makes precipitates less likely to form in water and interfere with filtration systems, detergents, and soaps. For similar reasons, cleaning solutions often contain EDTA. EDTA also finds use in agriculture, where Fe3+ ions can be bound and dissolved in water, increasing bioavailability of essential metal ions for plants.

zealous violet Jan 7, 2023, 9:10 AM

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daily chemical #9

Myristicin is a naturally occurring compound found in common herbs and spices.
Myristicin was first discovered in the nutmeg family, but can also be found in black pepper, carrots, anise, and celery. Myristicin is also a precursor for amphetamine-derived compounds, and is structurally related to MMDA (methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) and MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Myristicin can be converted to MMDMA in controlled chemical synthesis, which has similar effects in the body to the drug MDMA. It is also cytotoxic to many cells within the body.

jaunty solstice Jan 7, 2023, 4:33 PM

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MDMA?

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Drugs.

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Cytotoxin is not rad.

zealous violet Jan 8, 2023, 5:43 AM

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cytotoxins are not rad indeed

fickle crane Jan 8, 2023, 6:07 AM

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New chemical when

jaunty solstice Jan 8, 2023, 7:17 AM

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fickle crane New chemical when

He normally does it around 3am cst.

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That's like 4 in your shitty time zone.

zealous violet Jan 8, 2023, 11:55 AM

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daily chemical #10

Benzene is an organic hydrocarbon.
Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. It is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is partially responsible for the aroma of gasoline. It is used primarily as a precursor to the manufacture of chemicals with more complex structure. Although benzene is a major industrial chemical, it finds limited use in consumer items because of its toxicity, and is classed as a carcinogen.

Benzene has multiple uses, such as an anti-knock agent added to gasoline, as well as a starting molecule to produce compounds used in textiles, plastics, detergents, drugs, explosives, rubbers, and pesticides.

fickle crane Jan 8, 2023, 3:19 PM

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Wait is this what makes up benzo[k]whatever

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Benzo[k]fluoranthene

zealous violet Jan 8, 2023, 3:23 PM

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the suffix “benzo” indeed comes from our good friend, benzene

zealous violet Jan 9, 2023, 8:48 AM

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daily chemical #11

Thymol is a natural monoterpenoid phenol.
Thymol is found in oil of thyme, and extracted from Thymus vulgaris and various other plants. It is a white crystalline substance with a pleasant aromatic odor and strong antiseptic properties. Thymol is one of the main molecules that gives thyme its flavour. Thymol is only slightly soluble in water at neutral pH, but it is extremely soluble in alcohols and other organic solvents. Thyme essential oils have long been known to preserve food, and is likely due to the antiseptic and antifungal properties of thymol.

zealous violet Jan 9, 2023, 8:51 AM

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zealous violet daily chemical #11 Thymol is a natural monoterpenoid phenol. Thymol is found i...

appendix (i): on the historical use of thymol by proxy of thyme

Thyme has widely been recognised as a preservation agent across civilisations. Ancient Egyptians used thyme for embalming; Greeks used it in their baths and burned it as incense in their temples. The spread of thyme throughout Europe is likely due to the Romans, as they used it to purify their rooms and to give an aromatic flavour to cheese and liqueurs.

The Blackfoot Native Americans recognized these plants' strong antiseptic action and used poultices of the plants for skin infections and minor wounds. A tisane (an immersion of herbs and other leaves, generally tea) made from them was also used to treat mouth and throat infections caused by dental caries and gingivitis.

zealous violet Jan 9, 2023, 8:51 AM

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zealous violet daily chemical #11 Thymol is a natural monoterpenoid phenol. Thymol is found i...

appendix (ii): on the other uses of thyme

In the European Middle Ages, the herb was placed beneath pillows to aid sleep and ward off nightmares. In this period, women also often gave knights and warriors gifts that included thyme leaves, because it was believed to bring courage to the bearer. Thyme was also used as incense and placed on coffins during funerals, because it was supposed to ensure passage into the next life.

zealous violet Jan 9, 2023, 8:55 AM

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zealous violet daily chemical #11 Thymol is a natural monoterpenoid phenol. Thymol is found i...

appendix (iii): on the modern uses of thymol

Thymol during the 1910s was the treatment of choice for hookworm infection in the United States. In the Middle East, za'atar—a delicacy made with large amounts of thyme—is used to reduce and eliminate internal parasites. It is also used as a preservative in many anaesthetics and mouthwashes. When used to reduce plaque and gingivitis, thymol has been found to be more effective when used in combination with chlorhexidine than when used purely by itself. For these reasons, Thymol is also the active antiseptic ingredient in many toothpastes.

Thymol has been used to successfully control mites and prevent fermentation and the growth of mold in bee colonies. Thymol can also be used as a medical disinfectant and general purpose disinfectant, though less commonly used today for this purpose.

zealous violet Jan 10, 2023, 12:14 PM

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daily chemical #12

Benzyl acetate is an organic ester.
Similar to most other esters, it possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma. Benzyl acetate is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli. It has an aroma reminiscent of jasmine. Further as a flavoring agent it is also used to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions and hair creams. Natural sources of benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear and apple.

It is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees. In apiculture, benzyl acetate is used as a bait to collect bees. Benzyl acetate finds applications in personal hygiene and healthcare products.

zealous violet Jan 11, 2023, 9:29 AM

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daily chemical #13

Alizarin is an organic compound.
Alizarin has been used throughout history as a prominent red dye, principally for dyeing textile fabrics. Historically it was derived from the roots of plants of the genus Madder. In 1869, it became the first natural dye to be produced synthetically, when the German chemists Carl Gräbe and Carl Liebermann, working for BASF, found a way to produce it from anthracene.

Alizarin is the main ingredient of the pigments rose madder and alizarin crimson. Alizarin continues to be used commercially as a red textile dye, but to a lesser extent than in the past. More modern uses of Alizarin are found within labs, where it is used as a biological stain to dye calcium-containing compounds a deep shade of red. In medicine, it is used to stain synovial fluid to asses for the formation of calcium phosphate crystals. For the same reason, alizarin is also used in geology to assess rock formations and fossils.

zealous violet Jan 12, 2023, 8:54 AM

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daily chemical #14

Crystal violet or gentian violet is a triarylmethane dye.
Crystal violet, commonly sold under the lab name “methyl violet 10B” is commonly used as a histological stain in Gram's method of classifying bacteria. Crystal violet has antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties, and was formerly important as a topical antiseptic. The most common use of it is as an antiseptic, though this has been largely superseded by more modern drugs.

Crystal violet is used in the textile and paper dyeing industry, and is a component of navy blue and black inks for printing. It is sometimes used to colourize diverse products such as fertilizer, antifreeze, detergent, and leather. In the laboratory, solutions containing crystal violet are often used to simultaneously fix and stain cells grown in tissue culture to preserve them and make them easily visible, since most cells are colourless. It is also sometimes used as a cheap way to put identification markings on laboratory mice; since many strains of lab mice are albino, the purple colour stays on their fur for several weeks.

fickle crane Jan 12, 2023, 12:48 PM

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zealous violet daily chemical #14 Crystal violet or gentian violet is a triarylmethane dye. C...

What does anti septic mean again

zealous violet Jan 12, 2023, 12:49 PM

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fickle crane What does anti septic mean again

anti (“against”) septic (“putrefaction/sepsis”)

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something you apply to reduce the risk of infection and/or sepsis

fickle crane Jan 12, 2023, 12:51 PM

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Ok so like an anti infection thing

zealous violet Jan 12, 2023, 12:51 PM

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yes

zealous violet Jan 13, 2023, 8:21 AM

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daily chemical #15

Naringenin is a flavanone.
It is a colourless, tasteless compound; a type of flavonoid. It is the predominant flavanone in grapefruit, and is found in a variety of fruits and herbs, including grapefruit, bergamot, sour orange, tart cherries, tomatoes, cocoa, Greek oregano, water mint, as well as in beans.

Naringenin is being researched as a potential treatment for many diseases, such as various cancers and Alzheimer's disease. Naringenin has been demonstrated to improve memory and reduce amyloid and tau proteins in a study using a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. It has also been shown to be cytotoxic to cancerous cells within the breast, stomach, liver, cervix, and pancreas. Naringenin also has recorded antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

zealous violet Jan 14, 2023, 2:45 PM

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daily chemical #16

Geosmin is an irregular sesquiterpenoid.
Geosmin has a distinct earthy or musty odor, which most people can easily smell. The geosmin odor detection threshold in humans is very low, ranging from 0.006 to 0.01 micrograms per liter in water. Geosmin is also responsible for the earthy taste of beetroots and a contributor to the strong scent (petrichor) that occurs in the air when rain falls after a spell of dry weather or when soil is disturbed.

The human olfactory system is extremely sensitive to geosmin and is able to detect it at concentrations as low as 0.4 parts per billion. It is also one of the many chemicals responsible for the bad smell of water, and is generally classified as a component of hard water. Geosmin cannot be removed with regular water filters.

jaunty solstice Jan 14, 2023, 5:01 PM

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zealous violet daily chemical #16 Geosmin is an irregular sesquiterpenoid. Geosmin has a dis...

Actually my dog farts.

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oh

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Wait, very low detection.

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nvm

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The opposite of my dog farts.

fickle crane Jan 14, 2023, 5:27 PM

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jaunty solstice Actually my dog farts.

Huh

jaunty solstice Jan 14, 2023, 5:28 PM

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fickle crane Huh

Because I misread it as being a highly detectable scent.

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And my dog's ass is toxic.

mossy thicket Jan 14, 2023, 6:29 PM

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jaunty solstice Because I misread it as being a highly detectable scent.

That is what it says

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The geosmin odour detection threshold in humans is very low

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So the concentration where it can be detected is very low

zealous violet Jan 14, 2023, 8:03 PM

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jaunty solstice Because I misread it as being a highly detectable scent.

Geosmin is highly detectable

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it’s the smell of earth, essentially. humans are hard-wired to detect it

zealous violet Jan 14, 2023, 8:03 PM

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mossy thicket So the concentration where it can be detected is very low

this

zealous violet Jan 15, 2023, 1:50 PM

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daily chemical #17

Tetracene, also called naphthacene, is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
Tetracene has the appearance of a pale orange powder when solid. Tetracene is the four-ringed member of the series of acenes-class of chemicals.

Tetracene is most famous as a molecular organic semiconductor, used in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Tetracene can be also used as a gain medium in dye lasers as a sensitiser in chemoluminescence.

During his time at Bell Labs, Jan Hendrik Schön claimed to have developed an electrically-driven laser based on tetracene crystals given to him by his co-researcher, Christian Kloc. However, his results could not be reproduced, and is considered as scientific fraud today. Schön would later be involved in a scientific investigation where he was found to have faked almost the entirety of his dataset.

mossy thicket Jan 15, 2023, 3:34 PM

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Ah Jan Hendrik Schön

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He also used pentacene, another one of the acenes

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Pentacene on the daily chemical when

zealous violet Jan 15, 2023, 4:52 PM

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mossy thicket Pentacene on the daily chemical when

soon™️

zealous violet Jan 16, 2023, 9:19 AM

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daily chemical #18

Taurolidine is an organic compound.
It is derived from the endogenous amino acid derivative taurine. Taurolidine finds common use in the medical field, and is commonly used as an antimicrobial that is used to prevent infections in catheters. It functions by inhibiting bacterial function and releasing methylol groups which inhibit bacterial endotoxins. It is also being studied as a treatment for cancer.

jaunty solstice Jan 16, 2023, 9:09 PM

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zealous violet soon™️

WOW, TAKE THEIR SUGGESTION BUT NOT MINE OF DICYANOACETYLENE

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😠

zealous violet Jan 17, 2023, 4:59 AM

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soon™️

unkempt mist Jan 17, 2023, 5:03 AM

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Spoken like a software dev

zealous violet Jan 17, 2023, 8:24 AM

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daily chemical #19

Isoamyl acetate is an organic compound.
Isoamyl acetate is the ester formed from isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid. It is a colorless liquid that is only slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in most organic solvents. Isoamyl acetate has a strong odor which is described as similar to both banana and pear. Pure isoamyl acetate may be referred to as banana oil, and finds use as a flavouring agent in many mass-produced products which resemble banana.

In the early days of aviation, it was extensively used in the aircraft industry for stiffening and wind-proofing fabric flying surfaces on wings, where it and its derivatives were generally known as “aircraft dope.” The use of metal wings has since caused isoamyl acetate to fall out of this industry. Because of its intense, pleasant odor and its low toxicity, isoamyl acetate is used to test the effectiveness of respirators or gas masks commonly in the medical field.

zealous violet Jan 18, 2023, 8:03 AM

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daily chemical #20

Bornyl acetate is a chemical compound.
Bornyl acetate is the acetate ester of Borneol. At room temperature, it is a semi-transparent crystalline solid, which may present as white under certain light conditions. It is noted for its strong, pleasant aroma of pine trees. It is also noted for other herbaceous smells and flavours. It is found in nature within pine cones, pine needles, and oil of pine.

Bornyl acetate finds use in the chemical flavouring and scenting industry, where it is used to create a strong pine smell. Bornyl acetate has been found to induce autonomic relaxation and can reduces arousal post-stimulation. It also has been found to have anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, and sedative properties. For this reason, many European and Native American civilisations used it as part of indigenous treatments.

zealous violet Jan 19, 2023, 9:00 AM

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daily chemical #21

Nitrocellulose is a highly flammable compound.
It is formed by nitrating cellulose through exposure to a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. It has been used extensively in the past as a substitute for other explosive and/or flammable chemicals. One of its first major uses was as “guncotton,” a replacement for gunpowder as propellant in firearms.

In the form of collodion it was also a critical component in an early photographic emulsion, the use of which revolutionized photography in the 1860s. For space flight, nitrocellulose was used by Copenhagen Suborbitals on several missions as a means of jettisoning components of the rocket/space capsule and deploying recovery systems. It has since fallen out of favour after 2014, when the Philae comet lander failed to deploy its harpoons due to its 0.3 grams of nitrocellulose propulsion charges failing to fire during the landing.

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appendix (i): on the use of nitrocellulose as lacquer

Nitrocellulose lacquers have been used as a finish on furniture and musical instruments. Nitrocellulose has been used both as a clear finish over wood-stained guitars, dissolved at about 25% in acetone. This mixture forms a lacquer used in preliminary stages of wood finishing to develop a hard finish with a deep lustre. It is normally the first coat applied, sanded and followed by other coatings that bond to it.

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appendix (ii): on the filmography uses

Nitrocellulose was used as the first flexible film base, beginning with Eastman Kodak products in August 1889. Camphor is used as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose film, often called nitrate film. Goodwin's patent was sold to Ansco, which successfully sued Eastman Kodak for infringement of the patent and was awarded $5,000,000 in 1914 to Goodwin Film.

Disastrous fires related to "nitrate film" became regular occurrences in the motion picture industry throughout the silent era and for many years after the arrival of sound film. Projector fires and spontaneous combustion of nitrate footage stored in studio vaults and in other structures were often blamed during the early to mid 20th century for destroying or heavily damaging cinemas, inflicting many serious injuries and deaths.

The use of volatile nitrocellulose film for motion pictures led many cinemas to fireproof their projection rooms with wall coverings made of asbestos.

zealous violet Jan 20, 2023, 12:07 PM

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daily chemical #22

Carbonyldiimidazole is an organic compound.
It is a white, crystalline solid at room temperature. It is often used for the coupling of amino acids for peptide synthesis and as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is highly corrosive and toxic, though relatively stable.

jaunty solstice Jan 21, 2023, 12:50 PM

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https://tenor.com/view/aqua-gif-21201616

Tenor

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HERE IT COMES

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THE NEW DAILY CHEMICAL

zealous violet Jan 21, 2023, 12:58 PM

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daily chemical #23

Cadaverine is a diamine.
Classified as a biogenic diamine, it is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. It is present in small quantities in living organisms but is often associated with the putrefaction of animal tissue, and is the predominant smell of a “rotting corpse.”

When products such as cheese undergo fermentation, they form these types of compounds known as biogenic diamines. Some of these diamines, such as cadaverine, can be toxic at high levels, and kill you if ingested. Researchers and analytical chemists use compounds such as cadaverine as standard references for high performance chromatography tests in food, making sure that the cheese and fermented products you eat don’t contain any harmful diamines.

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who would’ve thought that cheese and rotting flesh have something in common

mossy thicket Jan 21, 2023, 1:03 PM

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Can I just say I love the colours on these posts

zealous violet Jan 21, 2023, 1:04 PM

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thank you

jaunty solstice Jan 22, 2023, 6:16 AM

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mossy thicket Can I just say I love the colours on these posts

I do, too.

zealous violet Jan 22, 2023, 12:11 PM

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I try my best to make them look cool because nobody would read them otherwise 😎

zealous violet Jan 22, 2023, 2:14 PM

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daily chemical #24

Pentacene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
Consisting of five linearly-fused benzene rings, this highly conjugated compound is an organic semiconductor. The compound presents as a purple powder, however this colour deteriorates incredibly quickly once pentacene is exposed to light. It is most notable for its uses in organic semiconductors and related materials.

Structurally, pentacene is part of the acene class of chemicals, which involved multiple fused benzene rings together. Combined with buckminsterfullerene, pentacene has been proven effective at creating organic photovoltaic cells. It is also a choice material for research on organic field effect transistors, with an electron mobility of 5.5 square centimetres per volt second, exceeding that of amorphous silicon.

It has been the subject of much scrutiny after Jan Hendrik Schön fraudulently claimed it to an organic semiconductor. Schön’s work has since been debunked and is considered one of the largest scientific frauds in the history of science.

mossy thicket Jan 22, 2023, 2:18 PM

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zealous violet daily chemical #24 Pentacene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Consisting ...

Slight correction, pentacene + buckminsterfullerene is not used for organic transistors (we haven’t succeeded at making them yet to a high degree)

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It’s used for OPVCs or organic photovoltaic cells

zealous violet Jan 22, 2023, 2:19 PM

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aha you’re right

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that’s my bad

mossy thicket Jan 22, 2023, 2:19 PM

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No problem

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Materials is basically my nerd out subject if it’s not music

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Also pentacene + buckminsterfullerene could genuinely be one of the largest steps in OPVCs since their invention

zealous violet Jan 22, 2023, 2:22 PM

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time to start making them and steal the market share /s

mossy thicket Jan 22, 2023, 2:23 PM

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Real

zealous violet Jan 23, 2023, 9:41 AM

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daily chemical #25

Dicyanoacetylene is an organic compound.
It is made of carbon and nitrogen and has a linear molecular structure, with alternating triple and single covalent bonds. It can be viewed as acetylene with the two hydrogen atoms replaced by cyanide groups.

At room temperature, dicyanoacetylene is a clear liquid with a strong smell. It is an extremely flammable substance, and therefore must be handled with great care. It is toxic, corrosive, cytotoxic, explosive, and is considered as a carcinogen by certain sources, though this is disagreed upon. Upon explosion, it forms carbon powder, carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, and nitrogen gas, burning with a brilliant blue-white flame. It has been called one of the most toxic and dangerous chemicals.

Dicyanoacetylene has also been found in the atmosphere of Titan.

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for this very special 25th post, I dedicate this to @jaunty solstice, who suggested this incredible cytotoxic and carcinogenic compound

mossy thicket Jan 23, 2023, 12:40 PM

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zealous violet daily chemical #25 Dicyanoacetylene is an organic compound. It is made of carb...

Also in the same vein is cyanogen

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Maybe you can cover that soon

zealous violet Jan 23, 2023, 12:41 PM

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maybe

jaunty solstice Jan 23, 2023, 6:46 PM

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zealous violet for this very special 25th post, I dedicate this to <@335935177438134272>, who s...

YEAHHHHH

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LET'S GOOOO

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You forgot to mention that it burns with the hottest flame.

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almost 5,000°C and 9,000°F

zealous violet Jan 23, 2023, 6:50 PM

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aha

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now that I should have written indeed

zealous violet Jan 24, 2023, 11:24 AM

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daily chemical #26

Mellitic acid is an organic molecule.
It is an acid first discovered in 1799 by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in the mineral mellite (honeystone), which is the aluminium salt of the acid. It is notable for being one of the most stable compounds to exist, and can form infinite connections with metals due to its carboxylate groups. In addition, Mellitic acid’s crystal structure is one of the most linear and stable to exist, due to its unique shape and bonding properties. For this reason, it has been used as a ligand for metallic ion synthesis.

It is a beige powder, and crystallizes in fine silky needles and is soluble in water and alcohol. Due to the fact that it is so incredibly stable, and is an end product of the oxidation of polycyclic aromatic compounds, Mellitic acid is proposed to be in relative abundance in Martian soil, and could have been part of the primordial soup which gave the early bacteria their nutrition.

zealous violet Jan 25, 2023, 3:03 PM

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daily chemical #27

Tannic acid is a naturally-occurring polyphenol.
Known as the acid form of the phenol Tannin, tannic acid is one of many tannins found within woods which give them their distinct colour. Tannic acid is a weak acid, with an acid dissociation constant of 6, and this is likely due to the presence of multiple phenol groups within the structure. It is a tan-yellow solid found as flakes and powder at room temperature and has almost no smell, though some sources report a faint oak smell from the compound.

Tannic acid finds common use in the tanning industry, where it is used to impart a tan colour to cloth and leather. It is also an important medicine, and is commonly used for fever, cold sores, diaper rashes, minor burns such as sunburn, and prickly heat. It is also less commonly used for inflamed tonsils and acute dermatitis.

zealous violet Jan 26, 2023, 10:29 AM

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daily chemical #28

Aniline is an organic compound.
Derived from the Portuguese for “indigo plants,” aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. It is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starting material for chemical synthesis. Its main use is in the manufacture of precursors to polyurethane, dyes, and other industrial chemicals. Like most volatile amines, it has the odor of rotten fish. It ignites readily, burning with a smoky flame characteristic of aromatic compounds.

Aniline first found commercial use as a dye, and was used to create shades of deep purple, blue, and navy. It was the starting molecule to the first synthetic dye, and is used today as a starting molecule to create dyes too. It was involved in controversy when it was used as a cancer treatment and as an anti-fungal and antibacterial compound during World War II by the Americans.

Some early rockets used aniline along with furfuryl alcohol along with fuming nitric acid as a fuel for propulsion, though many serious health risks associated with this have made such a process obsolete.

jaunty solstice Jan 27, 2023, 2:16 AM

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It seems like a lot of these that you send are used as dyes and stuff.

swift oracle Jan 27, 2023, 3:06 AM

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do you want him to send poisons, terra?

unkempt mist Jan 27, 2023, 5:08 AM

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swift oracle do you want him to send poisons, terra?

yes

jaunty solstice Jan 27, 2023, 6:54 AM

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swift oracle do you want him to send poisons, terra?

Preferably.

zealous violet Jan 27, 2023, 8:33 AM

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jaunty solstice Preferably.

ask and you shall receive

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daily chemical #29

Saxitoxin is a potent neurotoxin.
It is the best-known component of paralytic shellfish toxin, a potent combination of different chemicals. Ingestion of saxitoxin by humans, usually by consumption of shellfish contaminated by toxic algal blooms, is responsible for the illness known as paralytic shellfish poisoning. It is produced by Cyanobacteria or dinoflagellates which contaminate shellfish.

It is one of the most potent, naturally-occurring neurotoxins, which inhibits voltage-gated sodium-potassium channels within the body and the brain, causing paralysis. There are currently no known antidotes for Saxitoxin, though 4-aminopyridine is currently being investigated.

jaunty solstice Jan 27, 2023, 8:41 AM

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No known antidotes, huh...

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https://tenor.com/view/megan-interesting-gif-14176736

Tenor

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Is there a specific shellfish one would need?

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@zealous violet

zealous violet Jan 27, 2023, 8:52 AM

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jaunty solstice <@232770059645353985>

not really, just one that was contaminated by Cyanobacteria and/or Dinoflagellates

unkempt mist Jan 27, 2023, 9:00 AM

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jaunty solstice Is there a specific shellfish one would need?

For what 🫥

jaunty solstice Jan 27, 2023, 9:00 AM

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zealous violet not really, just one that was contaminated by Cyanobacteria and/or Dinoflagellat...

And where could one acquire one of these contaminated shellfish? Asking for a friend.

zealous violet Jan 27, 2023, 9:00 AM

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shellfish farm

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they don’t sell them because it’s illegal to

jaunty solstice Jan 27, 2023, 9:01 AM

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...

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Of course they don't.

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FUCKING

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PEOPLE

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TRYIN TO TAKE AWAY MAI RITES

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LEEMME JUS BUY A SHELLFISH TO POYZIN SOMONE

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FIRST THEY TAKE OUR AUTOMATIC RIFLES

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NOW THEY TAKEN R SHELLFISH

unkempt mist Jan 27, 2023, 9:03 AM

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Obstruction to free trade

jaunty solstice Jan 27, 2023, 9:03 AM

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DON'T TREAD ON ME

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1776!

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THIS IS LITERALLY 1984

carmine bridgeBOT Jan 27, 2023, 9:08 AM

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https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/418152690044895242/977867299316973608/1984.mp4

▶ Play video

jaunty solstice Jan 27, 2023, 9:18 AM

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@zealous violet, why don't you send a chemical next time that can easily be acquired and is poisonous.

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Shaking my smh.

zealous violet Jan 27, 2023, 10:27 AM

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jaunty solstice <@232770059645353985>, why don't you send a chemical next time that can easily b...

soon™️

jaunty solstice Jan 27, 2023, 10:29 AM

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zealous violet soon™️

Please make it soon.

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I have...pressing matters to attend to tied up in my basement.

unkempt mist Jan 27, 2023, 10:31 AM

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🤨 📸

jaunty solstice Jan 27, 2023, 10:38 AM

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unkempt mist 🤨 📸

Do you want to visit my basement?

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Put that camera away.

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I have extra rope.

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My basement is over a 1,200 square feet.

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I promise there's enough space for another.

unkempt mist Jan 27, 2023, 10:48 AM

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https://tenor.com/view/spongebob-scared-scary-sad-gif-26439591

Tenor

jaunty solstice Jan 27, 2023, 10:53 AM

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That's what I thought.

zealous violet Jan 28, 2023, 2:56 PM

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daily chemical #30

Skatole is an organic indole.
It occurs naturally in the feces of mammals and birds and is the primary contributor to fecal odor. It is produced by the decomposition of tryptophan in the digestive tract. In low concentrations, it has a flowery smell and is found in several flowers and essential oils, including those of orange blossoms and jasmine. In high concentrations, it smells like excrement. At room temperature, it occurs as a white-brown solid and/or flakes with a faecal odour. As a dilute liquid, it smells flowery and pleasant.

Skatole is one of many compounds that are attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, which apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; it is commonly used as bait for these bees for study.

Skatole is one of the major ingredients in “US government standard bathroom malodor,” a mix of many foul-smelling chemicals, which emulates the smell of a badly-maintained bathroom. It is said to be one of the worst smelling concoctions of all time.

unkempt mist Jan 28, 2023, 2:57 PM

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no fatality :(

zealous violet Jan 28, 2023, 2:58 PM

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smell it for enough time and you’ll pass out and/or vomit

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it is literal excrement smell right in your nose

unkempt mist Jan 28, 2023, 3:02 PM

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@jaunty solstice useful advice

zealous violet Jan 29, 2023, 12:21 PM

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daily chemical #31

Batrachotoxin is an organic compound.
It is an extremely potent cardio and neurotoxic steroidal alkaloid found in certain species of beetles, birds, and frogs. Batrachotoxin binds to and irreversibly opens the sodium channels of nerve cells and prevents them from closing, resulting in paralysis and death. No antidote is known.

As a neurotoxin, it affects the nervous system. Neurological function depends on depolarization of nerve and muscle fibres due to increased sodium ion permeability of the excitable cell membrane. Batrachotoxin has marked effects on heart muscles and its effects are mediated through sodium channel activation.

zealous violet Jan 30, 2023, 2:12 PM

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daily chemical #32

Nerol is a monoterpenoid alcohol.
It is found in many essential oils such as lemongrass and rose. It was originally isolated from neroli oil, hence its name. This colourless liquid is used in perfumery to impart a pleasant, earthy smell resembling rose flower and lemongrass. Like geraniol, nerol has a sweet rose odor but it is considered to be “fresher.” At room temperature, it presents as a colourless liquid with a strong but pleasant odour.

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am busy today, do excuse the shorter write-up

zealous violet Jan 31, 2023, 9:02 AM

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daily chemical #33

Xylose is a monosaccharide.
First isolated from wood in 1881, Xylose is classified as a pentose sugar. It has a free aldehyde group, which makes it a reducing sugar. It is the building block of the hemicellulose molecule xylan, found in plant cell walls. Due to its structural stability and polymer properties, Xylose is the third most abundant sugar in plant biomass.

Xylose is metabolised by humans, although it is not considered a major nutrient and is mostly removed and excreted by the kidney. Animals have a much higher absorption for Xylose. Xylose finds major use in the artificial sweetener industry, where catalytic hydrogenation produces xylitol.

zealous violet Feb 1, 2023, 11:30 AM

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daily chemical #34

Vanillin is an organic compound.
It is a phenolic aldehyde. Vanillin is the primary component of the extract of the vanilla bean, and is used to impart a vanilla flavour into foods and beverages. The largest use of vanillin is as a flavoring, usually in sweet foods which require a vanilla flavour. Vanillin is also used in the perfumery industry, and to mask unpleasant odors or tastes in medicines and cleaning products.

Vanillin can be derived from the plant polymer lignin, which is present in plants, and is a natural breakdown of the lignin structure. Lignin is also the major component in paper, which is derived from tree bark and pulp. For this reason, the smell of old paper and books resembles that of vanillin.

zealous violet Feb 2, 2023, 8:46 AM

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daily chemical #35

Firefly luciferin is a Luciferin.
This light-emitting compound is responsible for bioluminescence in fireflies and some species of beetles. Upon oxidation and action with the corresponding enzymes, firefly luciferin emits the typical yellow-red lights that fireflies are known for.

jaunty solstice Feb 2, 2023, 11:03 AM

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Oh, rad.

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Bioluminescence is my favorite facet of nature.

zealous violet Feb 2, 2023, 7:38 PM

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it is quite epic

zealous violet Feb 3, 2023, 4:30 PM

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daily chemical #36

Cellulose is an organic compound.
This polysaccharide, consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of D-glucose units, is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants. Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth, and is found in many plants and plant-derived substances, such as cotton, paper, and many others. It has been greatly studied since its discovery and has provided important insights into polymerisation.

Cellulose finds major industrial use to create paper; cellulose is the major constituent of paper, paperboard, and card stock. It is also used in the textile industry; cotton and synthetic fabrics each have about 40% market by volume.

While humans cannot digest cellulose due to its long and complex structures, there are certain species of insects, particularly termites, that can digest this compound due to symbiotic bacteria in their gut.

zealous violet Feb 4, 2023, 6:59 PM

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daily chemical #37

Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is an organic phthalate.
Used as a plasticizer, DINP is an important chemical for the synthesis of various polymers used in industries. DINP finds major use in the creation of plastic gloves, artificial leather, tubing, wires, rubber, sealants, and coating.

DINP has also been found to be an endocrine inhibitor. It is a regulated chemical in many parts of the world due to its toxicity. It is also harmful to aquatic species. Studies find that exposure to DINP in zebrafish affect reproduction in a gender specific manner, and have other adverse effects on aquatic organisms.

fickle crane Feb 5, 2023, 2:39 PM

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I find the pictures to be very aesthetically pleasing

unkempt mist Feb 5, 2023, 4:02 PM

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fickle crane I find the pictures to be very aesthetically pleasing

I think Johann should use a bit more o' margins /s

zealous violet Feb 5, 2023, 6:26 PM

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daily chemical #38

Aconitine is an alkaloid toxin.
Produced by various plant species belonging to the genus Aconitum, known commonly by the names wolfsbane and monkshood, aconitine is noted for its toxic properties. Though toxic, aconitine exhibits analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties too, and is used as sparingly in alternative medicine and herbal medicine, though this is tricky to get right.

Aconitine has been part of many poisoning attempts in history, most notably in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, when 3 cooks attempted to poison British officers using aconitine. Aconitine poisoning results in reflex bradycardia, arrhythmia, and muscle weakness.

zealous violet Feb 6, 2023, 6:35 PM

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daily chemical #39

Cyclopentanone is an organic compound.
This cyclic ketone is a volatile, flammable, and colourless liquid at room temperature. It finds major uses in the medical industry as a precursor to drugs such as cyclopentobarbital and others. Other common uses in industry are those relating to the production of fungicides, rubbers, flavours, and cosmetics. It is also used as a starting molecule to synthesise fragrances, especially those related to jasmine and jasmone. It is also used in the electronics industry as a special solvent.

unkempt mist Feb 6, 2023, 6:36 PM

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so simple, yet so amazing.

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https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/854821126475350037.gif?size=48&quality=lossless

jaunty solstice Feb 7, 2023, 5:15 AM

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fickle crane I find the pictures to be very aesthetically pleasing

It's kinda cute.

zealous violet Feb 7, 2023, 6:45 PM

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daily chemical #40

Epibatidine is a chlorinated alkaloid.
Secreted by the Ecuadoran frog, Epibatidine is toxic. Its toxicity stems from its ability to interact with nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. These receptors are involved in the transmission of painful sensations, and in movement, among other functions. Epibatidine then causes numbness, and, eventually, paralysis. Doses are lethal when the paralysis causes respiratory arrest.

Originally, it was thought that epibatidine could be useful as a drug. However, because of its unacceptable therapeutic index, it is no longer being researched for potential therapeutic uses. Epibatidine has a high analgesic potency. As the compound was not addictive, it was initially thought to be very promising to replace morphine as a painkiller. However, the therapeutic concentration is very close to the toxic concentration.

radiant hedge Feb 7, 2023, 7:45 PM

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thank you johann

zealous violet Feb 8, 2023, 9:42 AM

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daily chemical #41

Theophylline is a methylxanthine.
Found in tea, theophylline is a common organic compound found in nature. As a member of the xanthine family, Theophylline bears structural resemblance to theobromine (found in cacao) and caffeine (found in coffee). It is currently a drug of major medical and pharmaceutical interest, and is a drug used in therapy for respiratory diseases and asthma.

Theophylline blocks the action of adenosine, a compound within the body which induces sleep. It increases the heart rate slightly, relaxes the bronchial smooth muscle, increases renal blood flow, and has been found to have anti-inflammatory properties too.

jaunty solstice Feb 9, 2023, 7:27 AM

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zealous violet daily chemical #41 Theophylline is a methylxanthine. Found in tea, theophylli...

Tea...

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Reminds me of my favorite day of the year...

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December 16th.

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The day before my birthday.

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Birthday Eve, if you will.

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It also happens to be the day of this

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party

Boston Tea Party

The Boston Tea Party was an American political and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. The target was the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, which allowed the British East India Company to sell tea from China in American colonies without paying taxes apart from those imposed by the Townshend Acts. The ...

zealous violet Feb 9, 2023, 6:43 PM

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daily chemical #42

Methyl tert-butyl ether is an organic compound.
MTBE is a volatile, flammable, and colorless liquid that is sparingly soluble in water. Primarily used as a fuel additive, MTBE is blended into gasoline to increase its octane rating and knock resistance, and reduce unwanted emissions.

MBTE is classed as an oxygenate: a compound which raises the oxygen content of a substance. Oxygenates such as MBTE help gasoline burn more completely, therefore reducing harmful emissions such as carbon monoxide, the result of incomplete combustion. It is also used as a solvent in academic research due to its inability to form peroxides, a common issue with other solves such as diethyl ether.

fickle crane Feb 9, 2023, 7:36 PM

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Looks like a falling stick figure

zealous violet Feb 9, 2023, 7:38 PM

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true

zealous violet Feb 10, 2023, 8:43 AM

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daily chemical #43

18-crown-6 ether is an polyether.
Used commonly in the laboratory, 18-crown-6 ether is a white, crystalline solid with a low melting point. Like other crown ethers, 18-crown-6 functions as a ligand for some metal cations, with a particular affinity for potassium cations.

18-Crown-6 binds to a variety of small cations, using all six oxygens as donor atoms. Crown ethers are used in the laboratory as phase transfer catalysts, increasing the speed at which one molecule changes phase from an unreactive state to a reactive state. Salts which are normally insoluble in organic solvents are made soluble by crown ether. Potassium permanganate is one such compound which is generally insoluble in benzene but is made soluble by crown ether, which yields the common laboratory reagent “purple benzene,” which can be used for a variety of organic syntheses.

The synthesis of the crown ethers led to the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Charles J. Pedersen.

jaunty solstice Feb 10, 2023, 5:44 PM

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zealous violet daily chemical #43 18-crown-6 ether is an polyether. Used commonly in the lab...

It's a human worm.

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like a human centipede but without arms and legs.

zealous violet Feb 10, 2023, 6:16 PM

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jaunty solstice It's a human worm.

crown ethers are often like that

unkempt mist Feb 10, 2023, 6:25 PM

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zealous violet daily chemical #43 18-crown-6 ether is an polyether. Used commonly in the lab...

what's the IUPAC name lmao

zealous violet Feb 10, 2023, 6:33 PM

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unkempt mist what's the IUPAC name lmao

1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane

unkempt mist Feb 10, 2023, 6:34 PM

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zealous violet 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane

ah, neat, I feel stupid now.

zealous violet Feb 11, 2023, 5:41 PM

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daily chemical #44

Maleic anhydride is an organic compound.
The acid anhydride of maleic acid, it is a colorless or white solid with an acrid odour. Primarily used in plastics and polymerisation, this compound is most famous for being a classic substrate for the famous Diels-Alder reaction, for which Otto Diels and Kurt Alder were awarded the Nobel prize for.

Around 50% of world maleic anhydride output is used in the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resins, which are used in a wide range of applications such as pleasure boats, bathroom fixtures, automobiles, tanks, and pipes. Maleic anhydride also dimerises to form cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, which is used as an alignment agent for liquid crystal displays.

Maleic anhydride is also a precursor to compounds used for water treatment detergents, insecticides and fungicides, pharmaceuticals, and other copolymers.

fickle crane Feb 11, 2023, 6:15 PM

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Looks like a person trying to hug you

zealous violet Feb 12, 2023, 4:31 PM

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daily chemical #45

Naloxone is a medication.
Sold under the brand name Narcan amongst others, naloxone is used to reverse or reduce the effects of opioids, and is commonly used to counter decreased breathing in opioid overdose. It acts within 2 minutes if administered intravenously, within 5 minutes if administered intramuscularly, and within 7 if administered intranasaly. Naloxone commonly blocks the effects of opioids for 30-90 minutes.

Administration to opioid-dependent individuals may cause symptoms of opioid withdrawal. To counter this, naloxone can be administered regularly in small doses until the desired effect is reached. In recent years, naloxone has been made stronger and more effective by creating naloxone hydrochloride, which can counter the effects of fentanyl overdose and other strong opioids.

Naloxone is on the World Health Organisation’s “List of Essential Medicines.”

fickle crane Feb 12, 2023, 6:00 PM

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What do all the lines mean

zealous violet Feb 12, 2023, 6:04 PM

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bonds

fickle crane Feb 12, 2023, 6:06 PM

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And The different line types?

zealous violet Feb 12, 2023, 6:07 PM

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those are ways of representing 3D structure in a 2D domain

mossy thicket Feb 12, 2023, 6:08 PM

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Imagine you’re viewing the chemical diagram from the top down

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The thick lines project out at you

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The dotted lines go backwards into the paper

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The regular lines lay flat

zealous violet Feb 12, 2023, 6:08 PM

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yeah that’s a good way of thinking about it

unkempt mist Feb 12, 2023, 6:10 PM

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~~ref: cis-trans isomerism.~~

mossy thicket Feb 12, 2023, 6:10 PM

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Cis/trans has very little to do with this rn

unkempt mist Feb 12, 2023, 6:11 PM

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fickle crane What do all the lines mean

the end of each line is a carbon (except where it specifically mentions another element)

mossy thicket Feb 12, 2023, 6:11 PM

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That’s just which side of the double bond groups are at

unkempt mist Feb 12, 2023, 6:11 PM

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mossy thicket Cis/trans has very little to do with this rn

But it's the first topic in most books that covers this notation in my experience.

mossy thicket Feb 12, 2023, 6:11 PM

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unkempt mist the end of each line is a carbon (except where it specifically mentions another ...

And implied hydrogens attached to it of course

unkempt mist Feb 12, 2023, 6:11 PM

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Adam's in school so that is likely where he'll come by it.

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That's why I mentioned ref:

mossy thicket Feb 12, 2023, 6:11 PM

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That’s more confusing than just explaining how it works

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It’s an unrelated topic

unkempt mist Feb 12, 2023, 6:12 PM

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fair enough ig

zealous violet Feb 12, 2023, 6:12 PM

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yeah idk why cis/trans is being brought up here

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if anything it’s organic chemistry notation

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the explanation given was a pretty good one

unkempt mist Feb 12, 2023, 6:13 PM

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actually, this is a better reference: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry/gen-chem-review/bond-line-structures/v/three-dimensional-bond-line-structures-new

zealous violet Feb 12, 2023, 6:13 PM

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imagine you’re viewing it from the top down, perspective becomes much clearer

mossy thicket Feb 12, 2023, 6:14 PM

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unkempt mist actually, this is a better reference: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organi...

Yeah that’s a pretty good resource

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Ignore the sp3 hybridisation stuff obviously but yeah

fickle crane Feb 12, 2023, 8:06 PM

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zealous violet imagine you’re viewing it from the top down, perspective becomes much clearer

Okay ty

zealous violet Feb 13, 2023, 7:16 PM

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daily chemical #46

Benzyl benzoate is an organic compound.
An ester of benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate is used as a medication and insect repellent. It is considered one of the “first line” drugs for the worthwhile treatment of scabies, though other drugs are preferred. It is also used to treat lice. As an insect repellent, benzyl benzoate effectively repels ticks and mosquitos amongst others.

It is on the World Health Organisation’s list of essential medicines.

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do excuse the shorter write up today, and likely the next few daily chemical posts will be handled by @mossy thicket until I’m more free to do them regularly again. I’ve spoken to them about it, and they have very graciously agreed to follow the pattern of previous posts

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thank you, Sid, for helping out with the daily chemical

mossy thicket Feb 14, 2023, 1:16 PM

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Daily Chemical #47

Zingiberene is a monocyclic sesquiterpene.
A great component of ginger essential oil, this compound is found within the ginger plants Zingiber, from which it gets its name. It is one of the major flavour molecules of ginger, and is bitter and harsh to the taste, with some sources reporting a burning sensation to the tongue. At room temperature, Zingiberene is a solid powder and has a relatively high melting point of 136 C.

Zingiberene has been reported to have insect repellant properties, for which its use has been common by both humans and plants. Plants produce Zingiberene a defence mechanism, and oil of ginger was used throughout history as a type of home insect repellant.

Pure Zingiberene smells nothing like dried ginger root, and only faintly resembles the smell of the plant itself.

mossy thicket Feb 15, 2023, 4:07 PM

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Daily Chemical #48

2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one is an organic compound.
Commonly called “maple lactone” (due to its presence is maple syrup; it is not actually a lactone), this cyclic compound is used widely in the perfumery industry for its maple and caramel notes. It contributes to the flavor or odor of many foods including wines, coffee, paprika, and salmon. It is also a precursor to more complex polymers, such as those of biodegradable plastic, and is used widely to manufacture dissolvable & degradable packaging.

At room temperature it presents as a colourless solid with a strong aroma classified as that of maple. It has a melting point similar to that of water.

unkempt mist Feb 15, 2023, 5:03 PM

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https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/902555980376727633.webp?size=48&quality=lossless

mossy thicket Feb 16, 2023, 3:43 PM

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Daily Chemical #49

Diacetyl is an organic compound.
Many people love the taste of butter, caramel, butterscotch, and related flavours. This is thanks to this humble compound, diacetyl. It serves as a key flavouring agent in foods, and is used to impart a butter flavour into food such as popcorn, cakes, and cookies, and in artificial flavourings such as in e-cigarettes and vapes.

Diacetyl naturally occurs in many alcoholic beverages, with concentrations higher in beer than in most other alcohols. It is produced by lactic acid bacteria upon fermentation of dairy products.

At room temperature, it presents as a yellow liquid, with an intense buttery flavour and rich smell.

mossy thicket Feb 17, 2023, 7:57 AM

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Daily Chemical #50

A quintuple bond in chemistry is exceedingly rare.
Single, double, and triple bonds are commonplace in chemistry. Many compounds show triple bonding, such as diatomic nitrogen, which is abundant in our atmosphere. Quadruple bonding, where 2 elements share 8 electrons, is rare, but has been observed in the transition metals, such as chromium, tungsten, and molybdenum. However, there have only been a few cases of quintuple bonding, such as the compound shown below, [CrC6H3-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-(CHMe2)2)2]2, also called “Big Five.”

This exceedingly type of special bond is facilitated by ligands supporting and shortening the bond length between the two metal centres. It was first reported in 2005, and has remained one of the only examples of quintuple bonding. It has no real usage apart from studying interactions of electron bonding, and research has been carried out to create even shorter quintuple bonds.

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I dedicate this post to @zealous violet, who started this wonderful journey for everyone here

unkempt mist Feb 17, 2023, 8:02 AM

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mossy thicket Daily Chemical #50 A quintuple bond in chemistry is exceedingly rare. Single,...

Wow, I didn't even realise quintuple bonds existed

zealous violet Feb 17, 2023, 9:44 AM

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mossy thicket I dedicate this post to <@232770059645353985>, who started this wonderful journe...

thanks so much man, wouldn’t have been possible without you stepping in for the last few days

exotic wedge Feb 18, 2023, 1:29 PM

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zealous violet I will tag our chemistry lovers in this too

whoaaaa pogio I didn't expect this channel to be THAT inn-therr-esting charles

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how did i even click on dis ting

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https://tenor.com/view/this-is-how-we-bingham-treasure-hunt-treasure-got-it-happy-gif-12511761

Tenor

mossy thicket Feb 18, 2023, 2:05 PM

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exotic wedge whoaaaa <:pogio:784123452767731772> I didn't expect this channel to be THAT inn-...

Chemistry is super interesting

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It’s all around us and we don’t even realise it most of the time

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It’s kinda hard to believe this series has been going on for 50 days now tbh

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Daily Chemical #51

Artemether is an organic compound.
Commonly used as a medication, artemether plays a crucial role in preventing and treating malaria. It was introduced nearly 50 years ago. It is derived from artemisinin, which is an excellent treatment for malaria. Unfortunately, production has always been shaky; its sole source is the sweet wormwood plant (Artemisia annua) that grows in Southeast Asia; but farmers grow the plant only when prices are high.

It played a key role in the malaria outbreaks across the world in the last 40 years, and has been extensively researched. It is safe and well-tolerated by adults and children. Its success has earned it a place in the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

unkempt mist Feb 18, 2023, 2:26 PM

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https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/902555980376727633.webp?size=48&quality=lossless

exotic wedge Feb 18, 2023, 3:44 PM

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mossy thicket It’s kinda hard to believe this series has been going on for 50 days now tbh

1 chemical a day?

mossy thicket Feb 18, 2023, 4:41 PM

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exotic wedge 1 chemical a day?

Yep

mossy thicket Feb 19, 2023, 6:34 PM

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Daily Chemical #52

Cholecalciferol is an organic compound.
Commonly referred to as vitamin D3, cholecalciferol is actually the inactive form of the vitamin D3, and is found in fish oils, beef liver, and is photosynthesized in human skin by sunlight. Cholecalciferol can be taken as an oral dietary supplement to prevent vitamin D deficiency or as a medication to treat associated diseases, including rickets. It is also used for familial hypophosphatemia, hypoparathyroidism that is causing low blood calcium, and Fanconi syndrome.

It was one of the most prescribed drugs in 2020, and its success has earned it a place on the World Health Organisation’s List of Essential Medicines.

mossy thicket Feb 20, 2023, 5:22 PM

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Daily Chemical #53

“I’m tasty, but dangerous; abundant, yet astronomical. What am I?”

Ethyl formate is an ester.
Created when ethanol reacts with formic acid, this compound is a clear, slightly oily liquid. It has a pleasant rum-like odor, and the flavor of raspberries. It occurs in many food substances, including fruits, coffee, tea, and grains, as well as in living organisms, such as the stingers of bees. In its pure form, it is highly flammable, causes eye irritation, and is highly flammable, and vaporises readily.

In 2009, researchers at Cornell University and the University of Cologne detected ethyl formate in the Sagittarius-B2 dust cloud at the center of the Milky Way. Four years later, scientists in Spain and France confirmed its existence, this time in the Orion constellation. Discoveries of this, and many other organic molecules in space give some researchers hope that extraterrestrial life can exist.

fickle crane Feb 20, 2023, 5:49 PM

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zealous violet maybe tomorrow

soon ™️

mossy thicket Feb 20, 2023, 5:53 PM

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fickle crane *soon* ™️

Maybe tomorrow if Johann doesn’t return I can post it 👀

fickle crane Feb 20, 2023, 5:53 PM

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👀

mossy thicket Feb 21, 2023, 3:46 PM

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Daily Chemical #54

“I can change colours, make you look good, and make your screen function. What am I?”

Cholesteryl benzoate is an organic compound.
An ester of cholesterol and benzene, this helical molecule is widely used to create thermochromic liquid crystals. This enables the colour of cholesteryl benzoate to change with temperature, and is therefore used in a wide variety of products which advertise colour changing properties. For example, in temperature-sensitive coffee mugs and toys.

It is used in some hair colors, make-ups, and some other cosmetic preparations. For example, this particular compound is used in nail polish, and a variety of hair dyes depending on temperatures. It can change colours from its natural, white state, to red, orange, yellow, green, blue to purple as the sample's temperature increases.

Cholesteryl benzoate is also used for liquid crystal displays, amongst other compounds.

zealous violet Feb 21, 2023, 3:53 PM

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cholesterol can make esters!?

mossy thicket Feb 23, 2023, 4:48 AM

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Daily Chemical #55

“I’m formed when you cook rice or bread, but also in tiger urine. What am I?”

2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline is a ketone derivative.
This compound is an aroma molecule which gives bread and rice its distinctive “freshly cooked” smell. At room temperature, this compound presents as a white solid. Many observers describe the smell as similar to “hot, buttered popcorn,” as well as that of a bakery. 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline is formed by the Maillard reaction that is characteristic of baking bread, in which amino acids and reducing sugars react to form the components of the crust’s brown color.

Curiously, on a less appealing note, 2-amino-1-pyrroline also contributes to the urine odor of several Asian mammals, including the bintarong (Arctictis binturong; aka the bearcat) and three subspecies of tiger (Panthera tigris).

fickle crane Feb 24, 2023, 1:47 PM

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Rip #1058438141729575022

mossy thicket Feb 24, 2023, 2:37 PM

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fickle crane Rip <#1058438141729575022>

Dude, I missed one day and I’m literally working on the one for today

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Nobody else is gonna do it, but I won’t let it die

fickle crane Feb 24, 2023, 3:15 PM

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mossy thicket Dude, I missed one day and I’m literally working on the one for today

Im sorry, didnt mean to be rude when I said that

I just meant it in a more joking manner

mossy thicket Feb 24, 2023, 3:37 PM

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fickle crane Im sorry, didnt mean to be rude when I said that I just meant it in a more joki...

Ye no worries

mossy thicket Feb 24, 2023, 6:40 PM

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Daily Chemical #56

“I can help you after a holiday weekend. What am I?”

Diazepam is a medicine.
Better known by its trade name Valium, diazepam is a benzodiazepine which is commonly used to treat a range of conditions, including alcohol withdrawal symptom. Its synthesis was first reported by L. H. Sternbach and E. Reeder at Hoffmann-La Roche in 1961. The same researchers were awarded a process patent in 1963. It was one of the best selling drugs in the US at the time, until 1985 when its patent expired. Its mechanism of action works by increasing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid.

Serious side effects from the normal use of diazepam are rare. Overdoses can result in symptoms as serious as coma, but are not usually fatal. But when overdoses are combined with alcohol or opiate intake, the fatality rate increases. Its success has earned it a place on the World Health Organisation’s List of Essential Medicines.

zealous violet Feb 25, 2023, 7:51 PM

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Daily chemical #57

“I’m responsible for the grapefruit effect. What am I?”

Bergamottin is a furanocoumarin.
Found in the pulp of pomelos and grapefruits, this compound plays a role in the lives of many people. It inhibits the metabolism of “statin” drugs which decrease the formation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) carriers of cholesterol in the body. Bergamottins are particularly abundant in grapefruit, which is why statin labels advise against consumption of the fruit or its juice close to the time the drugs are taken.

Bergamottin is named after the bergamot orange (Citrus bergamia); it was first isolated from bergamot oil in 1937 by Ernst Späth and Paul Kainrath at the University of Vienna. As the name suggests, the central structure of furanocoumarins consists of a furan ring fused to a two-ring coumarin system.

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(no I am not doing daily chemical again, I just had time today)

unkempt mist Feb 25, 2023, 7:52 PM

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https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/902555980376727633.webp?size=48&quality=lossless

mossy thicket Feb 26, 2023, 7:16 PM

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Daily Chemical #58

“You see me multiple times everyday. What molecule am I?”

Urobilin is a tetrapyrroledicarboxylic acid.
Also known as urochrome, urobilin is the primary compound which causes the yellow color in urine. It is generated from the degradation of heme, which is first degraded through biliverdin to bilirubin, and then to urobilinogen. When urobilinogen is exposed to air, it is oxidized to urobilin, giving urine its yellow color. It was discovered in the 1930s by Cecil James Watson.

Many urine tests (urinalysis) monitor the amount of urobilin. A lack of water intake reduces the water content of urine, thereby concentrating urobilin and producing a darker color of urine. Testing for this compound can provide important insight into the hydration levels of the patient and into urinary tract function.

mossy thicket Feb 27, 2023, 7:08 PM

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Daily Chemical #59

“I can dissolve your paint, but keep your lighter away from me. What molecule am I?”

β-Pinene is a monoterpene.
One of the two isomers of pinene, the other being α-pinene, this is the second-most abundant constituent of the resins produced by pine trees and other conifers. The pinenes are the chief ingredients of turpentine, a solvent that was in widespread use as a diluent and cleaner when oil-based paints were in their heyday. However, this compound’s flammability has been the reason for many flammable accidents with paint thinner and remover.

β-Pinene itself was first identified in 1896 by the legendary German chemist Johann F. Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer in an extensive paper on the origins of terpenes. Johann Baeyer, who also developed syntheses of indigo, phenolphthalein, and fluorescein, was awarded the 1905 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for “the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry.”

mossy thicket Feb 28, 2023, 6:17 PM

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Daily Chemical #60

“I’m dangerous, explosive, and smelly—in both a bottle and in nature. What molecule am I?”

Monomethylhydrazine is a hydrazine derivative.
This highly toxic molecule has many applications, chief of them being its use as rocket fuel due to its high combustibility. It was once used in the orbital maneuvering system (OMS) and reaction control system (RCS) engines of NASA's Space Shuttle, as well as in other experimental rockets. This compound is deadly to humans and environmentally harmful.

It is, unexpectedly, found in nature, too. It is one of the deadliest compounds in poisonous mushrooms. It is found in Gyromitra., in which it is formed when the native toxin gyromitrin hydrolyzes. Other lethal mushroom poisons include α-amanitin, orellanine, and ergotamine.

mossy thicket Mar 1, 2023, 8:10 PM

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Daily Chemical #61

“I’m in your mattresses right now. What molecule am I?”

Propylene oxide is an organic compound.
An acutely toxic and carcinogenic compound, propylene oxide is a colourless volatile liquid with an odour similar to ether. It is produced on a large scale industrially, and has a variety of applications. Its major application is its use in making plastics, and in the preparation of biological samples for electron microscopy.

About two-thirds of worldwide propylene oxide production (≈13 million t/year) is used to make polyether polyols, which play an important role in the manufacture of the versatile polyurethane foam. Polyurethane foam is used globally in mattresses and other related products. It contains a chiral carbon in its structure and is therefore a chiral molecule, though almost all of its uses industrially are produced as the racemic mixture.

mossy thicket Mar 2, 2023, 7:32 PM

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Daily Chemical #62

“I’m in your fruits and in your makeup. What molecule am I?”

Malic acid is an organic acid.
A dicarboxylic acid, this compound is found in all forms of life, and occurs only naturally as the L-enantiomer. Malic acid gives many fruits, particularly apples, their characteristic flavor. It is often referred to as “apple acid,” and is named after the genus respective fruit, Malus. Malic acid was first isolated from apple juice by the famous Swedish-German chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1785, however it was the French Antoine Lavoisier who proposed the name “acide malique,” which is derived from the Latin word for apple.

Malic acid has a huge global market, with a share of roughly $200 million in 2019. The primary end use in the United States is for flavoring beverages, foods, and confectionaries, with much smaller quantities used in cosmetics and personal care products. The price of malic acid ranges from US$0.90 to $10.00/kg, depending on the purity, quantity, and end use.

The manufactured solution of Malic acid is racemic.

jaunty solstice Mar 4, 2023, 8:09 AM

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mossy thicket Daily Chemical #62 “I’m in your fruits and in your makeup. What molecule am I?”...

I fucking love malic acid.

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That shit tastes so good.

mossy thicket Mar 4, 2023, 2:59 PM

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Daily Chemical #63

“I’m everywhere. What molecule am I?”

D-glucose is a sugar.
A simple monosaccharide, d-glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide. Glucose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight, where it is used to make cellulose in cell walls. Glucose is the most important source of energy in all organisms. It is often polymerised for storage, such as starch and amylose in plants, and glycogen in humans.

It was first isolated from raisins in 1747 by the famous German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf. Its name itself has been subject to certain amounts of debate. Glucose is the term coined by the French Jean Baptiste Dumas in 1838, which has prevailed in the chemical literature. Friedrich August Kekulé, however, proposed the term dextrose.

Its synthesis was not carried out artificially until the late 1890s, when the legendary Emil Fischer carried it out. For his work on sugars, Fischer was awarded the 1902 Nobel prize.

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Daily Chemical #64

“I’m nowhere. What molecule am I?”

L-glucose is a monosaccharide.
One of the rarest monosaccharides, L-glucose is the right-side enantiomer of the most abundant monosaccharide, D-glucose. L-Glucose does not occur naturally in living organisms, but it can be synthesized in the laboratory. It is indistinguishable from D-glucose in terms of taste, but due to its orientation, it cannot be metabolised by the body.

Its proposed applications have been numerous. Due to humans being unable to digest L-glucose, it contains 0 calories, and has been proposed as an artificial sweetener. L-Glucose was also found to be a laxative, and has been proposed as a colon-cleansing agent which would not produce the disruption of fluid and electrolyte levels associated with the significant liquid quantities of bad-tasting osmotic laxatives conventionally used in preparation for colonoscopy.

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(Posted 2 today because I forgot yesterday. Sorry!)

mossy thicket Mar 5, 2023, 12:01 PM

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Daily Chemical #65

“You can find me in seaweeds, and in your paper. What molecule am I?”

Alginic acid is a polymer.
Also called algin, this polysaccharide is obtained from the biofilms of brown seaweed. It was first refined in 1995, and has since found great uses in many industries. The most common form of production is via the calcium precipitation method, where ion exchange is used to produce it.

Alginic acid absorbs water quickly, which makes it useful as an additive in dehydrated products such as slimming aids, and in the manufacture of paper and textiles. It is also used as an ingredient in various pharmaceutical preparations, such as Gaviscon, in which it combines with bicarbonate to inhibit gastroesophageal reflux.

mossy thicket Mar 8, 2023, 6:02 AM

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Daily Chemical #66

“I was in the news recently, and it wasn’t good. What molecule am I?”

Vinyl chloride is an organochlorine molecule.
Vinyl chloride colourless gas with a mild, sweet odour that masks how hazardous it is. t has been in the news lately because of the February 3 rail disaster in Ohio. It has been known since at least 1835, when Henri Victor Regnault synthesised it. It is highly toxic and carcinogenic.

By far the largest use of vinyl chloride is in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics, which have a multitude of applications that range from pipes to packaging to phonograph records (hence the name “vinyls”). It was chiefly used as a refrigerant, but was discontinued due to its hazards.

unkempt mist Mar 8, 2023, 5:14 PM

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https://tenor.com/view/the-return-of-the-king-lord-of-the-rings-ro-tk-title-card-gif-22191928

Tenor

mossy thicket Mar 9, 2023, 7:05 PM

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Daily Chemical #67

“Nope, my name isn’t a joke. What molecule am I?”

Megaphone is an organic compound.
Every so often, The Daily Chemical will come across something weird and funny. So today I’ll give you megaphone. How did this compound get named after a megaphone? Well, it didn’t. It’s name derives from the highly toxic plant Aniba megaphylla. That’s where “megaphone” comes from, and also due to its ketone group having the suffix -one.

It was briefly noted in research as a cytotoxic compound with properties to fight cancer. In 1978, K. L. Stevens showed that A. megaphylla shows in-vitro inhibiting properties, and was successfully used to fight human carcinoma cells. However, the compound itself was too dangerous to be used. Subsequent papers until 1993 focused on its artificial synthesis, but today, megaphone is largely gone from literature. All that it’s used for now is to give anyone who reads it a quick chuckle at its name.

unkempt mist Mar 9, 2023, 7:45 PM

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hehe

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megaphone

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📣

onyx portal Mar 9, 2023, 9:01 PM

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TE_Pepega 📣

zealous violet Mar 11, 2023, 2:45 PM

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the daily chemical is coming to a hiatus.

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I have deliberately told Sid to hold off from daily chemical posts, and he has been very accommodating of my decision, no matter how much he wished to continue. in truth, both he and I have been extraordinarily busy due to real life circumstances, and to leave a “daily” thread hanging as of now is necessary.

the daily chemical will resume at an unannounced date. thank you all for the support.

fickle crane Mar 11, 2023, 4:57 PM

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SALUTETHEFALLEN

onyx portal Mar 11, 2023, 5:04 PM

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salute

unkempt mist Mar 11, 2023, 5:16 PM

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https://cdn.discordapp.com/emojis/854821126475350037.gif?size=48&quality=lossless

zealous violet Mar 18, 2024, 2:20 PM

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Daily Chemical #68

"I can fix your cold and sedate you at the same time. What drug am I?"

Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine.
If you've ever had a cold and taken benadryl, you've taken some quantity of diphenhydramine. Owing to its structure, it can bind at the H1 receptor in humans, and prevents the binding of histamine, the primary chemical involved in allergic reactions. For this reason, diphenhydramine is often used to treat the symptoms of mild allergic reactions, the common cold, motion sickness, and others. It has also been used as an anaesthetic for people with allergies to common anaesthetics such as lidocaine.

First invented by George Rieveschl, it came into public use in 1946, becoming the first approved antihistamine ever, and has since become one of the most prescribed drugs across the world.

mossy thicket Mar 18, 2024, 2:24 PM

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we’re so back

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welcome back everyone

gilded basalt Mar 18, 2024, 2:48 PM

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ayyyy

lofty musk Mar 18, 2024, 4:56 PM

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certainly a daily chemical

gilded shore Mar 18, 2024, 4:56 PM

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WE’RE JOE BACK

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I love me some benzene rings

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They’re beautiful

zealous violet Mar 18, 2024, 4:58 PM

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very epic structures

zealous violet Mar 19, 2024, 1:42 PM

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Daily Chemical #69

“No, my name actually has nothing to do with that.”

Cumene is an aromatic hydrocarbon.
A volatile colourless liquid at room temperature, cumene is used in the manufacture of various chemicals, and has become one of the most widely used synthetic starting points in all of industrial chemistry. It gives its name to the cumene process, which utilises two cheap starting materials (benzene and propylene) and converts them into high-value materials (phenol and acetone), using cumene as an intermediate. Cumene’s other major use is in petroleum products, namely paints, lacquer, plastic production, and in high-octane fuels.

The name itself derives from the Latin cumīnum, first identified in the works of Henry Watts in the 1860s. The name is due it its sharp, penetrating odor, sharing similarities to the smell of cumin.

gilded shore Mar 19, 2024, 2:22 PM

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https://tenor.com/view/cody-ko-noel-miller-no-ugh-bye-gif-17321150

Tenor

zealous violet Mar 19, 2024, 2:25 PM

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gilded shore https://tenor.com/view/cody-ko-noel-miller-no-ugh-bye-gif-17321150

SHIT I should’ve done camu powder

zealous violet Mar 20, 2024, 2:44 PM

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Daily Chemical #70

“I’m essential and probably fortified in your foods. What molecule am I?”

Riboflavin is a vitamin.
Also called B2, this water-soluble vitamin is found in countless food sources. In its pure form, riboflavin is a yellow crystalline powder with a faint odor and bitter taste. Vitamin B2 performs several key functions in the body, the most important of these being its conversion to FMN (flavin mononucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine nucleotide), both of which are cofactors for enzymes that ensure the survival of humans. It is also used in the maintenance of homocysteine; elevated levels of homocysteine increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, a common side-effect of B2 deficiency.

Beyond the body, riboflavin is used as a food colorant, imparting a bright yellow color when used in this way. There is currently ongoing research into the use of riboflavin supplements for reducing the frequency of migraines, though data is currently inconclusive. Though riboflavin is found in high quantities in wheat, the milling and processing of the grain can remove upwards of 80% of its riboflavin. Due to this reason, some countries require the fortification of riboflavin, or its phosphate-ribose salt form, in wheat flour.

gilded shore Mar 20, 2024, 3:47 PM

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Another Johann banger

zealous violet Mar 21, 2024, 1:49 PM

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Daily Chemical #71

“I was one of the first drugs against malaria. What drug am I?”

Chloroquine is a drug.
Primarily used to treat infections of Plasmodium malariae, this anti-malaria drug is used widely across the world where resistance to antimalarials is not as prevalent. Drug-resistant cases generally require additional or alternative medicines (see: artemether, DC #51). As an anti-malarial, this drug works against the asexual ameboid form of Plasmodium, preventing its spread from red blood cells. Beyond malaria, chloroquine is also used to treat amebiasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythmatosus.

It was developed by Bayer in 1934 by Hans Andersag, as per the German government’s request to find drugs alternative to the then-popular quinine. It was however ignored for concerns over its toxicity, instead being modified for use in the 40s under the name Sontochin. At the end of World War II, Sontochin fell into the hands of the Americans, who sent it back to the US, causing renewed interest in chloroquine. State-sponsored clinical trials eventually showed chloroquine’s excellent effects as an antimalarial, being introduced in 1947 as a treatment worldwide. Today, it is one of the essential frontline treatments for the disease, and has a place on the World Health Organisation’s List of Essential Medicines.

ocean hatch Mar 21, 2024, 1:51 PM

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why did i not know of this until now

icy epoch Mar 21, 2024, 1:51 PM

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CHLOROQUINE

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THAT’S THE COVID CURE

zealous violet Mar 21, 2024, 1:51 PM

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NO

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I mean it was investigated and then stopped because results were very mixed

grizzled yacht Mar 21, 2024, 1:52 PM

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The hydroxy flavor

icy epoch Mar 21, 2024, 1:53 PM

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zealous violet I mean it was investigated and then stopped because results were very mixed

c o v i d c u r e

grizzled yacht Mar 21, 2024, 1:54 PM

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Mia is gonna tell us about the latest Q-drop

zealous violet Mar 21, 2024, 1:54 PM

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honestly though I wanted to do a post about quinine today

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but I shall save that for 25th April

grizzled yacht Mar 21, 2024, 1:55 PM

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zealous violet honestly though I wanted to do a post about quinine today

MMmmmmm tonic water

zealous violet Mar 21, 2024, 1:55 PM

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indeed

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comes from a tree like all good medications

grizzled yacht Mar 21, 2024, 1:55 PM

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Are you on a malaria kick

ocean hatch Mar 21, 2024, 1:55 PM

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zealous violet comes from a tree like all good medications

amen.

zealous violet Mar 21, 2024, 1:55 PM

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grizzled yacht Are you on a malaria kick

malaria has cool drugs to treat it

icy epoch Mar 21, 2024, 2:01 PM

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Can you do uh

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Poppy seeds and stuff

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You know I had no idea heroin is also made from poppy seeds???

zealous violet Mar 21, 2024, 2:02 PM

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I can definitely do opioids

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may already be scheduled even

grizzled yacht Mar 21, 2024, 2:03 PM

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zealous violet I can definitely do opioids

I support you doing opioids

zealous violet Mar 21, 2024, 2:04 PM

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grizzled yacht I support you doing opioids

grizzled yacht Mar 21, 2024, 2:05 PM

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zealous violet

Morphine goes hard

zealous violet Mar 21, 2024, 2:05 PM

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true

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me when I have no pain

grizzled yacht Mar 21, 2024, 2:07 PM

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The only problem with morphine is that it lowkey is awful to be on! But it goes hard nonetheless

gilded shore Mar 21, 2024, 3:24 PM

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Shoutout to chemicals containing halogens

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Halogens are so cool

gilded basalt Mar 21, 2024, 4:25 PM

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gilded shore Halogens are so cool

https://tenor.com/view/nilered-nile-red-bromine-drop-gif-9123650972033189211

Tenor

lofty musk Mar 21, 2024, 6:40 PM

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bromine

zealous violet Mar 22, 2024, 12:49 PM

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Daily Chemical #72

“It makes your cheese look yellow and helps keep you alive. How does it know?”

β-carotene is a terpenoid.
A brightly coloured orange-red compound, β-carotene occurs in a wide range of organisms such as fungi, plants, and fruits. It is the most common carotenoid in plants and gives multiple of them their distinctive red-orange color, such as in the leaves of the fall; in apricots, pumpkins, and oranges; and aptly, in carrots, from which its name derives. β-carotene serves as a provitamin (i.e., can be converted to a vitamin), specifically as provitamin A. Inside the body, it is converted to retinol (active Vitamin A). Due to its provitamin property, consumption of excess β-carotene has no risk of hypervitaminosis A, as excess β-carotene is stored in the adipose tissues. Excess intake will however, lead to carotenoderma, a harmless skin condition where a noticeable orange tint is observed. It is also prescribed for the treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria, a rare inherited disorder of sunlight sensitivity.

It is also found in various food products, such as in cheese, where companies add it to provide a brighter, more yellow hue to the cheese. β-carotene is also found in high quantities of grass, so natural cheese made from cows that have eaten lots of grass will also result in different shades of cheese. The secret here is β-carotene being soluble in fat, therefore being retained during the cheese making process. It is also used to color many other foods.

ocean hatch Mar 22, 2024, 1:00 PM

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zealous violet Daily Chemical #72 “It makes your cheese look yellow and helps keep you alive. ...

why the long face

gilded shore Mar 22, 2024, 3:14 PM

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The one thing that bugs me about this chemical is that it’s almost symmetrical were it not for the placement of the methyl groups

ocean hatch Mar 22, 2024, 3:25 PM

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gilded shore The one thing that bugs me about this chemical is that it’s almost symmetrical w...

grrrrr i notice that now

zealous violet Mar 22, 2024, 3:46 PM

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gilded shore The one thing that bugs me about this chemical is that it’s almost symmetrical w...

that’s isoprenoids for you

gilded shore Mar 22, 2024, 3:55 PM

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zealous violet that’s isoprenoids for you

can you determine whether there is chirality in the molecule

zealous violet Mar 22, 2024, 4:21 PM

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gilded shore can you determine whether there is chirality in the molecule

does not look chiral to me

gilded shore Mar 22, 2024, 4:22 PM

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thats my organic chemist

grizzled yacht Mar 22, 2024, 4:23 PM

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What if it’s fixed

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Make it better

zealous violet Mar 22, 2024, 4:24 PM

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me when internal plane of symmetry

grizzled yacht Mar 22, 2024, 4:34 PM

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We must symmetry

zealous violet Mar 23, 2024, 10:47 AM

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Daily Chemical #73

“You can find me everywhere, even when I’m broken down. What molecule am I?”

Histidine is an amino acid.
Often abbreviated His or H, this amino acid is one of nine essential amino acids (i.e., cannot be synthesised by the body, therefore must be taken in by diet), and one of the twenty-two proteinogenic (protein-forming) amino acids. Along with its role as a building block of protein, histidine is utilised by the body in many ways; namely, in enzymes, where the imadazole ring (pentagonal nitrogen-containing ring) serves as a key site for association with other groups, and with metals such as iron (in haemo- and myoglobin) and copper (in the electron transport chain). Histidine is involved in repairing damaged tissue, making red blood cells, and in growth.

The body also converts histidine to various other compounds, which can be used as biomarkers. Most famously, histidine is broken down to give histamine, the key compound in biological inflammation signalling. It is also converted to carnosine, a dipeptide found in muscle cells acting as an antioxidant. Histidine can also be broken down by the body to form urocanic acid, a component of sweat acting as a natural sunscreen. Diagnostically, histidinemia (a metabolic disorder) can be detected by measuring the amount of urocanic acid in the blood.

It was first isolated by Albrecht Kossel and Sven Gustaf Hedin in 1896. Its name stems from the Greek “histos,” or tissue (see: histology.) as it was first found within tissue cells. As one of the nine essential amino acids, the dietary sources of histidine are many, such as in meat, fish, soy beans, whole grains, and nuts.

gilded shore Mar 23, 2024, 10:59 AM

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Society nowadays has forced pronouns onto anime acids smh, he/histidine…

grizzled yacht Mar 23, 2024, 11:12 AM

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Smh patriarchy chemical, when will it be she/hertidine

zealous violet Mar 23, 2024, 11:13 AM

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grizzled yacht Smh patriarchy chemical, when will it be she/hertidine

funny when one of the receptor proteins that causes breast cancer is called HER2

grizzled yacht Mar 23, 2024, 11:13 AM

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NAW that was on purpose and that’s FOUL (I laughed)

zealous violet Mar 23, 2024, 11:15 AM

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funnier when one of the drugs to treat breast cancer is called enhertu (thanks Nando) “in her 2”

zealous violet Mar 23, 2024, 11:18 AM

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gilded shore Society nowadays has forced pronouns onto anime acids smh, he/histidine…

LMFAO the fact that I just noticed “anime acid” 😭

gilded shore Mar 23, 2024, 11:20 AM

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zealous violet LMFAO the fact that I just noticed “anime acid” 😭

Yup that was completely intentional

ocean hatch Mar 23, 2024, 1:18 PM

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zealous violet Daily Chemical #73 “You can find me everywhere, even when I’m broken down. What...

any relation to histamines?

zealous violet Mar 23, 2024, 1:35 PM

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ocean hatch any relation to histamines?

histamine is a chemical and a derivative of histidine, antihistamines block the action of histamine

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would you all like to see histamine on Daily Chemical sometime in the future?

ocean hatch Mar 23, 2024, 1:36 PM

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yes

zealous violet Mar 23, 2024, 1:36 PM

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noted

lofty musk Mar 23, 2024, 1:46 PM

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zealous violet would you all like to see histamine on Daily Chemical sometime in the future?

yes

zealous violet Mar 24, 2024, 1:50 PM

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Daily Chemical #74

“I’m sweet, but simple. Life could’ve started with me! What molecule am I?”

Glyceraldehyde a monosaccharide.
The simplest of all saccharides, this 3-carbon sugar is the simplest aldose (aldehyde-group containing sugar) of all. At room temperature, glyceraldehyde is a sweet, colourless, and crystalline solid. As it contains one chiral carbon (at the C2 position, the middle of the molecule), it may exist in 2 forms: the D-(+) form (shown in the image) or the L-(-) form (with the C2 -OH group facing backwards). Although the +/- rotations of the sugar in this molecule correspond to the experimentally determined D- (dextro, rightwards rotating) and L- (laevo, leftwards rotating) stereochemical conformations, this is not the case for all sugars. In fact, it was by pure luck that the D- stereochemistry was assigned to (+)-glyceraldehyde, later verified by X-ray crystallography in the 1951.

The uses of glyceraldehyde are plentiful: most importantly, the phosphorylated (addition of a phosphate group) version of this simple molecule is an intermediate in glycolysis (the process by which your body converts glucose to energy), and in the Calvin cycle (the process by which plants produce glucose). It is also found in the formose reaction, a reaction involving the successive addition of formaldehyde molecules to form sugars, suspected to have taken place before the origin of life on earth. Thus, glyceraldehyde is considered the first sugar to ever exist, possibly giving rise to molecules like ribose (involved in the genetic material of the first organism). Some theorists skip the formation of ribose and say that instead of ribose, the first genetic material contained glyceraldehyde in its sugar-phosphate backbone.

gilded shore Mar 24, 2024, 4:56 PM

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Need some in my system rn

zealous violet Mar 25, 2024, 12:57 PM

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Daily Chemical #75

“I’m the building block of life. What molecule am I?”

Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide.
The Daily Chemical’s 75th post celebrates this ubiquitous molecule, the very molecule contributing to you being you at the moment, and the backbone for all advanced life. As the name suggests, this is a deoxy (2 OH groups) sugar, derived from the loss of a hydroxyl group from ribose. This molecule is most famous for being part of the structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the coding molecule of genetic information in all animals and plants. Beyond this, deoxyribose also features in the structure of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), where the “adenosine” signifies the nucleobase adenine bonded to a deoxyribose group. ATP is the greatest source of meaningful power in the body, it is in fact the body’s goal to utilise food energy to produce ATP. It also features in the structure of cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), one of the most widely used cell communication molecules in every organism.

The molecule, amongst others in the structure of DNA, was discovered by Phoebus Levene, a Russian-born American biochemist, in the year 1929. Not only did Levene identify the components of DNA, he also showed that the components were linked together in the order phosphate-sugar-base to form units. He called each of these units a nucleotide, and stated that the DNA molecule consisted of a string of nucleotide units linked together through the phosphate groups, which are the 'backbone' of the molecule. Though his ideas of DNA, namely the tetranucleotide hypothesis, turned out to be wrong, his work became the basis of biochemical research into the genetic code of life.

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thanks everyone for being here

lofty musk Mar 25, 2024, 1:11 PM

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zealous violet thanks everyone for being here

you're welcome

ocean hatch Mar 25, 2024, 3:34 PM

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zealous violet Daily Chemical #75 “I’m the building block of life. What molecule am I?” Deox...

we love a good saccharide

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"though his ideas turned out to be wrong"

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very much felt

zealous violet Mar 25, 2024, 3:40 PM

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lmao

grizzled yacht Mar 25, 2024, 3:46 PM

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ocean hatch "though his ideas turned out to be wrong"

Me about my past self

gilded shore Mar 25, 2024, 3:59 PM

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zealous violet Daily Chemical #75 “I’m the building block of life. What molecule am I?” Deox...

worst molecule to ever exist they should ban its creator from OF1D

zealous violet Mar 25, 2024, 4:28 PM

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gilded shore worst molecule to ever exist they should ban its creator from OF1D

true

zealous violet Mar 26, 2024, 1:57 PM

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Daily Chemical #76

“How to get away with murder? Don’t touch anything, or this molecule might catch you.”

Ninhydrin is an organic compound.
This bicyclic compound presents at room temperature as a white, crystalline solid with no odor and a bitter taste. Put it in ethanol, however, and ninhydrin begins to show its true color: a rich purple. Initially discovered in 1910 by the German chemist Sigfried Ruhemann, ninhydrin was developed as a test for ammonia and primary (and some secondary) amines. By virtue of this property, ninhydrin is also used to detect the terminal amine group in lysine. It was later discovered that in fact, most amino acids (except proline) are hydrolysed by ninhydrin.

Ninhydrin’s greatest use by far however, is in forensics. A ninhydrin solution is commonly used by forensic investigators to see fingerprints on porous surfaces such as paper. The amino acids present in the minute sweat secretions that gather on the finger's unique ridges transfer to other surfaces, and thus, exposure to ninhydrin converts the amino acids into visibly colored products and thus reveals the fingerprint.

grizzled yacht Mar 26, 2024, 2:00 PM

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Purple is good

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I like purple

gilded shore Mar 26, 2024, 2:28 PM

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Colin is going to drink this

south hatch Mar 26, 2024, 2:56 PM

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zealous violet Daily Chemical #76 “How to get away with murder? Don’t touch anything, or this ...

So technically it’s ninhydrin that helps in DNA fingerprinting?

mossy thicket Mar 26, 2024, 3:38 PM

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south hatch So technically it’s ninhydrin that helps in DNA fingerprinting?

I think you’re confusing DNA for proteins

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ninhydrin doesn’t stain DNA (could stain them but i’m not sure) but it’s a qualitative test, not a quantitative one. it won’t tell you what the nucleotide sequence is for a sample

south hatch Mar 27, 2024, 4:56 AM

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mossy thicket ninhydrin doesn’t stain DNA (could stain them but i’m not sure) but it’s a quali...

Ah alright got it

zealous violet Mar 27, 2024, 5:57 PM

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Daily Chemical #77

“I’m waxy, I keep your skin healthy, and I tell your body to kill cells. What molecule am I?”

Ceramide is a lipid.
Deriving from the Latin for wax (cera), this lipid molecule consists of sphingosine and a fatty acid bonded together by an amide (HN) group. Ceramide is one of the most abundant molecules in eukaryotic organisms, as it is the building block for sphingomyelin, an essential component of the phospholipid bilayer. The molecule itself can take on many forms, either in sphingomyelin or as itself.

Physiologically, the forms of ceramide are involved in a number of processes: proliferation, apoptosis (programmed cell death), skin health, and hormonal signalling. Ceramide acts as a pro-apoptotic molecule, promoting cell death in response to various stimuli such as DNA damage due of excessive UV exposure; ionising radiation; and other proteins such as tumor necrotic factors. Sphingomyelin, a molecule which is built from ceramide, also plays an essential role in promoting apoptosis along with phosphatidylserine.

In skin, ceramide in its various forms is the major component of the lipid matrix which encloses the skin cells. The skin cells along with the lipid matrix are collectively known as the stratum corneum, or colloquially as “the skin barrier.” The lipid matrix is essential to maintaining skin health, as it acts as a water-impermeable barrier that keeps toxins out and prevents water-evaporative loss. It is for this reason that many skin care products contain ceramides. (ref: appendix 77.1 for further information.)

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Appendix 77.1

The stratum corneum, or the outermost layer of skin, consists of corneocytes (cells of the corneum) and the lipid matrix, and can be thought of as analogous to a “brick and mortar.” This is to say, the corneocytes are surrounded by the lipid matrix, which helps glue the cells together and create an impermeable barrier. Generally, the lipid matrix consists 50% of ceramides and its various forms (shown below), 25% of cholesterol, and 15% of other free fatty acids.

Corneal ceramides have a diversity of structures and can be broadly classified as AS and NS ceramides; ADS and NDS dihydroceramides; AH, EOH, and NH 6-hydroxyceramides; AP and NP phytoceramides; and EOH and EOS acylceramides.

gilded shore Mar 27, 2024, 5:59 PM

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is this what makes my butt look fat

zealous violet Mar 27, 2024, 5:59 PM

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no it makes your butt look shiny

zealous violet Mar 28, 2024, 3:17 PM

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Daily Chemical #78

“I’m dangerous, I smell weird, and you probably don’t want me around. What molecule am I?”

Trimethylamine is an organic compound.
Formed by the substitution of ammonia with 3 methane groups, this carbon-nitrogen compound is a tertiary amine, and presents at room temperature with a foul odor. Chiefly, this compound is the primary cause of the “fishy” odor from aquatic animals, and for the bad smell of some infections, oral malodor, and bacterial vaginosis. Trimethylamine also causes vomiting, diarrhea, and the degradation of the mucous membranes on contact at higher concentrations. Trimethylaminuria is a genetic condition in the body, caused by a deficiency of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, and causes the smell of trimethylamine in sweat, urine, and breath after the consumption of choline-rich foods.

Industrially, trimethylamine is used for the preparation of choline, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (an industrially important chemical), some herbicides, and anion exchange resins.

sweet mist Mar 28, 2024, 3:18 PM

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thanks

gilded shore Mar 28, 2024, 7:09 PM

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zealous violet Daily Chemical #78 “I’m dangerous, I smell weird, and you probably don’t want m...

Do you think trimethylamine plays some role in the development of oral/throat ulcers?

zealous violet Mar 28, 2024, 7:30 PM

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gilded shore Do you think trimethylamine plays some role in the development of oral/throat ul...

not sure on that

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I think that’s more infection

gilded shore Mar 28, 2024, 7:32 PM

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How does trimethylamine manifest in mucous membrane degradation?

zealous violet Mar 28, 2024, 7:41 PM

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gilded shore How does trimethylamine manifest in mucous membrane degradation?

the extra basic nature denatured the proteins and alters the pH I’d imagine

gilded shore Mar 28, 2024, 7:42 PM

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I see

sweet mist Mar 29, 2024, 10:19 AM

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johann which chemical is making me have sinusitis

zealous violet Mar 29, 2024, 5:12 PM

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Daily Chemical #79

“I keep proteins rigid. What molecule am I?”

Proline is an amino acid.
Part of our continuing series on the amino acids, Proline (pro-lean) is distinctive for its cyclic side chain, connecting itself to the nitrogen, thereby making it a secondary amine, one of two amino acids that fall under that category. The cyclic side chain is however, non-aromatic, and therefore it is included in the aliphatic class. Proline is non-essential as an amino acid, and therefore does not need to be taken in through diet; proline can be synthesised by the cyclisation of glutamic acid. Proline is a widely used amino acid by the body to impart rigidity onto protein structure, as well as affect the rate of protein synthesis by affecting the rate of peptide bond formation, as proline’s structure prevents it from being a hydrogen bond donor, a feature essential to proteins. Proline acts as a disruptor in the middle of regular secondary protein structure elements such as alpha helices and beta sheets.

The molecule was first isolated by Richard Willstätter in 1900. Its name derives from pyrrolidine, another heterocyclic compound containing the same 5-membered ring.

gilded shore Mar 29, 2024, 5:27 PM

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according to per proline is only relevant in tertiary protein structure

zealous violet Mar 29, 2024, 5:27 PM

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LMFAO

gilded shore Mar 29, 2024, 5:27 PM

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Also I HATE proline for messing up secondary structures

zealous violet Mar 29, 2024, 5:28 PM

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proline sucks

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personally I think it's the worst amino acid

gilded shore Mar 29, 2024, 5:28 PM

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fully agree

zealous violet Mar 29, 2024, 5:28 PM

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it's a wannabe histidine

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like it wants to be quirky so bad

gilded shore Mar 29, 2024, 5:29 PM

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either proline or arginine are my worst

zealous violet Mar 29, 2024, 5:31 PM

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arginine is fine but proline is such a pick me

zealous violet Mar 30, 2024, 4:55 PM

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Daily Chemical #80

"wow! look at me i’m so special hahaha lmao lol can you guess who i ammmmm 🤪"

Thiamine is a vitamin.
Part of the B-vitamins (Vitamin B1 specifically), this molecule is an essential micronutrient used by the body in the breakdown of various substances. You can find thiamine in whole grains, legumes, and some forms of fish. Like riboflavin (B2, see DC #70), grain processing removes most of the thiamine content of the crop, and is also found fortified in some flours and products.

In the body, thiamine is used to build the key cofactors thiamine monophosphate (ThMP) and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). These molecules are involved in the breakdown of sugars, chiefly glucose and amino acids, and is also present in one of the intermediate steps of the utilisation of glucose for energy. Thiamine is also administered to pregnant women to reach the fetus, as pregnant women have a much greater requirement for the vitamin. Interestingly, during lactation, thiamine is delivered in breast milk even if it results in thiamine deficiency for the mother.

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today's "guess me" quote kindly provided by my coauthor on most of these, @mossy thicket

mossy thicket Mar 30, 2024, 4:56 PM

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omfg you actually took it seriously 😭

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i cant

gilded shore Mar 30, 2024, 6:39 PM

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OMEGALUL

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Ill throw a random chemical at Johann then

zealous violet Mar 31, 2024, 2:40 PM

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Daily Chemical #81

Mycolic acid is a fatty acid.
On trans visibility day, the Daily Chemical chooses to talk Dr. Alan Hart.

Mycolic acids are long-chain fatty acids found in M. tuberculosis and give the bacteria its characteristic properties.

For decades, TB was diagnosed by culturing: a sample is taken; diluted, and grown. The growth is analysed to check for the presence of the bacteria. Because of mycolic acid, tuberculosis requires a very specific medium for growth, and even when its conditions are optimal, growth is very slow. This means TB diagnoses often took weeks or longer.

Because culturing can only detect TB if the infection is active, many TB cases were undetectable. Most infected people were late-stage by the time they recieved their diagnosis, as the disease progresses quickly the active stage. The way TB grows inside the body is characteristic; it hides inside macrophages (parts of the immune system), and creates tuberculosis "nests" in the lungs. Yet again, mycolic acid allows TB to survive inside macrophages, preventing its breakdown. As TB hides out within the immune system, the bacteria can grow and reproduce freely.

The key breakthrough in TB diagnosis came in the early 1920s by Dr. Alan Hart. Dr. Hart realised TB attacked victims' lungs first; Using X-rays, Dr. Hart was able to identify the types of lesions that presented in a patient's lungs, and this provided physicians with a fast and definitive test for tuberculosis.

Unfortunately, Dr. Hart's breakthrough was long-ignored, because of many coworkers outing him as transgender. Dr. Hart, a trans man, had struggled with discrimination and outings his whole life, and so frequently had to move and stay hidden. But Dr. Hart's discovery was too groundbreaking to ignore. In 1937, almost 2 decades after his discovery, he was appointed as Idaho's TB Control Officer. Today, Hart's X-rays are still the gold standard for TB diagnosis, and his book on the subject is still a standard text worldwide.

grizzled yacht Mar 31, 2024, 2:42 PM

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😭”for trans visibility day”

zealous violet Mar 31, 2024, 2:42 PM

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discord character limits my old enemy

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I have ONE character left

gilded shore Mar 31, 2024, 4:07 PM

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Thanks Dr. Hart for your groundbreaking discovery o7

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Also it’s crazy that myolic acid has 2 cyclopropanes just chilling

zealous violet Mar 31, 2024, 4:25 PM

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gilded shore Also it’s crazy that myolic acid has 2 cyclopropanes just chilling

it's got way more

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this is a simplified structure

gilded shore Mar 31, 2024, 4:28 PM

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zealous violet this is a simplified structure

Why does it have to be so extra smh

zealous violet Mar 31, 2024, 4:28 PM

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right

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it's so stupid

zealous violet Apr 1, 2024, 4:53 PM

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Daily Chemical #82

“Skull emoji.”

Vomitoxin is a poison.
Found in grains such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, and corn, this compound belongs to the class called tricothecenes, which further includes many poisons produced by fungi (think aflatoxin). The occurrence of vomitoxin is primarily with the genus Fusarium, which are importantly studied plant pathogens which cause head blight in wheat, and gibberella or ear blight in corn.

Vomitoxin causes extreme discomfort, lowered response times, and severe weight loss. Exposure to vomitoxin causes the brain to decrease its uptake of the amino acid tryptophan and, in turn, the synthesis of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that is derived from tryptophan.

gilded shore Apr 1, 2024, 4:55 PM

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I’m seeing a half chair formation and it’s giving me ptsd

zealous violet Apr 3, 2024, 10:55 AM

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I just realised I forgot to post DC yesterday 😭

lofty musk Apr 3, 2024, 10:59 AM

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smh johann

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so does this mean 2 dc today

zealous violet Apr 3, 2024, 11:02 AM

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Daily Chemical #83

“I’m used everywhere in the industry, from cement to hand sanitisers. What molecule am I?”

Triethanolamine is an alcohol.
Belonging to the class of triols (any molecule with 3 —OH groups on it), this tertiary amine is used all over the industry. At room temperature it presents as a colorless liquid, but industrial manufacturing ends up producing a very pale yellow color to the manufactured product, due to the presence of impurities.

Triethanolamine is used primarily in making surfactants, such as for emulsifier. It finds medical use as an additive in hand sanitisers, as various ear diseases and infections are treated with eardrops containing triethanolamine. It is also used by the cosmetics industry as a pH balancer in many different cosmetic products, such as shaving cream, eye gel, and cleansing emulsions. In construction, triethanolamine is used for grinding cement clinker, the silicon-calcium binder often used in cement. Finally, triethanolamine finds analytical use in complexometric titration, used as a chelating agent for aluminium ions in solution, generally before titration with a stronger chelate complex such as EDTA (see: DC #8).

zealous violet Apr 3, 2024, 11:03 AM

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lofty musk so does this mean 2 dc today

yes

zealous violet Apr 3, 2024, 6:49 PM

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Daily Chemical #84

“I’m aromatic, reactive, and nutty. What molecule am I?”

Pyrrole is an organic compound.
An aromatic heterocycle, pyrrole is one of the most famous chemical compounds and motifs in all of nature, being used as the building blocks for various other compounds. First detected in 1834 by FF Runge it was named for the Greek “pyrrhos” (red, fiery), from the reaction used to detect it—a red color that it imparts to wood when treated with hydrochloric acid. At room temperature, pyrrole has a wonderful and powerful nutty scent, and is (in its pure form) a colorless volatile liquid, but in practicality, darkens upon exposure to air owing to its reactivity.

While the compound itself is not naturally occurring, its structure is common in other naturally occurring compounds. Most notably, vitamin B12 (cobalamin); heme; and the chlorophylls all contain a 4-pyrrole structure, which we shall discuss in later DC posts. The molecule is also present in the Nobel Prize-winning drug hemin, used to treat porphyria attacks. Less positively, pyrrole is also a constituent of tobacco smoke, and may contribute to the adverse effects of tobacco.

gilded shore Apr 3, 2024, 6:58 PM

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When’s the perfume chemical miniseries

gilded basalt Apr 3, 2024, 8:50 PM

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zealous violet Daily Chemical #84 “I’m aromatic, reactive, and nutty. What molecule am I?” P...

Absolutely hate it cost me 4 marks on an exam

mossy thicket Apr 4, 2024, 7:41 PM

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Daily Chemical #85

“I’m the most complex out of all vitamins. What molecule am I?”

Cobalamin is a vitamin.
One of the most important micronutrients of all, this B-vitamin (vitamin B12 specifically) is used in an incredibly wide range of metabolic reactions essential to the survival of animals. It is structurally the most complex of all vitamins, consisting of a 6-coordinated cobalt metal atom. 4 of these coordinations are with a series of 4 cyclic pyrrole-like molecules linked together—called a corrin ring (similar to the porphyrin ring in heme and the chlorin ring in the chlorophylls).

In animals, cobalamin is used as a cofactor for DNA synthesis, fat and protein breakdown, in the nervous system, and in the maturation of Red Blood Cells. For humans, B12 is the only vitamin that must be sourced from animal-derived foods or supplements. As a result, B12 deficiency is widespread in populations that consume less animal or animal-derived products, or in those populations that do not consume meat as part of lifestyle choices such as vegetarianism or veganism. These populations are recommended to supplement B12 in their diet. Some foods are fortified with a range of B-vitamins, but other products such as dairy products, eggs, fish, and other meats are high in B12 naturally.

gilded shore Apr 4, 2024, 7:56 PM

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Oh frick guest verse

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It’s cool how complicated basic components of the human body can get

mossy thicket Apr 4, 2024, 7:59 PM

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Appendix 85.1
Did you know: B12 has won 2 Nobel prizes!

In the 1920s, George Whipple found that raw liver was effective in treating anemia in dogs, and later hypothesised that eating liver products could be a potential cure for pernicious anemia, a rare disease in which the blood cells cannot absorb enough B12. Edwin Cohn, a member of Whipple’s team, later prepared a highly saturated solution of liver, which was seen to help the symptoms of pernicious anemia. Though unknown to them at the time, their preparation contained a high amount of B12, which in turn helped manage the symptoms. Later, William Murphy and George Minot would share the 1934 Nobel prize with Whipple for developing a treatment for pernicious anemia using liver extract.

In the 1950s, research into Lactobacilli, the bacteria used for yogurt production, required liver extract as a growth medium. Mary Shaw Shorb, who was assigned to this research while at the University of Maryland, collaborated with Karl Folkers from Merck, and Alexander Todd, to develop an extract assay—their goal being to finally understand the so-called “growth factor” that was so useful in the treatment of pernicious anemia. They were able to isolate this compound and name it Vitamin B12. 1955 saw the elucidation of its structure by Alexander R. Todd and Dorothy Hodgkin using X-ray crystallography, for which she won the 1964 Nobel Prize.

mossy thicket Apr 4, 2024, 8:01 PM

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gilded shore It’s cool how complicated basic components of the human body can get

it’s really cool

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all the vitamins are just so dang amazing

mossy thicket Apr 4, 2024, 8:04 PM

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gilded shore Oh frick guest verse

also lmaoooo yep

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johann and i usually work on these together, he just asked me to post one today

gilded shore Apr 4, 2024, 8:08 PM

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vitamins are dope

zealous violet Apr 5, 2024, 7:56 PM

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Daily Chemical #86

“I’m used as a building block and as a protectant against UV light. What molecule am I?”

Benzophenone is an aromatic compound.
Consisting of 2 benzene rings linked by a carbonyl (C=O) group, this white solid finds uses primarily in the world of organic synthesis. For example, 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone is used in the synthesis of benzodiazepine drugs, which are used to treat seizures, anxiety, and insomnia. It is also used as the monomer unit (repeating unit) for the synthesis of the polymer polyether ether ketone, used in a wide variety of high-performance applications and in the medical implant industry.

Benzophenone’s most famous (and perhaps most controversial) use comes as a photosensitizer, absorbing UV radiation in sunscreens. Substituted benzophenones such as oxybenzone and dioxybenzone perform well to absorb UV radiation. This property is also made use of in the packaging industry, where benzophenone and its derivatives are added to plastics and other packaging materials to prevent their photodegradation.

gilded shore Apr 5, 2024, 8:05 PM

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mark that nsfw smh

zealous violet Apr 6, 2024, 7:39 PM

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Daily Chemical #87

“I smell sweet and help your cell proteins attach to the membrane. What molecule am I?”

Farnesol is an organic compound.
Part of the isoprenoids (i.e., built from repeating units of isoprene), this 15-carbon compound is used widely by many living organisms and by the industry. Commercially, you’ll probably find farnesol in your deodorants or perfumes, where it is used to emphasize the odors of sweet, floral perfumes. Farnesol is also present in many essential oils such as citronella, neroli, rose, and lemon grass.

Biologically, this compound is used in a variant of a process called prenylation, where hydrophobic (water-hating) compounds are added to the cell membrane, thereby helping protein adhesion. When farnesol is used in this way, the process is called farnesylation, and is used for protein-protein or protein-cell membrane interaction. Hundreds of millions of these interactions occur simultaneously in your body every second, and are vital for cell communication and functioning.

gilded shore Apr 6, 2024, 7:41 PM

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In what pathways is Farnesol used for cell communication

lofty musk Apr 20, 2024, 6:48 PM

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13 days since daily chemical

zealous violet Apr 20, 2024, 6:51 PM

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wait for one more and my finals will be over

gilded shore Apr 20, 2024, 6:57 PM

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zealous violet wait for one more and my finals will be over

best of luck babe

zealous violet Apr 20, 2024, 6:59 PM

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thank you

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almost over anyway so

#Daily Chemical