This happens with most dust/smoke type particles: car exhaust, weapon muzzle smoke, bullet impact smoke, etc.
The FPS drop is especially big when ZOOMing (holding right mouse button)
The best example is shooting a full-auto weapon at the ground and zooming.
However when shooting at something ~25m away, still causes enough of an FPS drop to be concering.
specs:
CPU: amd 5600x
GPU: nvidia GTX1060 6gb
RAM: 32gb
Disk: m2. pcie ssd
IN-game settings:
I tried both with low and ultra presets, as well as lowering the render resolution.
The FPS drop is always present.