I finally hit upon a "mega prompt" for generating a text adventure game. I decided it wasn't worth trying to nail the exact structure and just focus on the basics. This is still a rough draft but it seems to consistently generate pleasing results in GPT-4. It'll also work in GPT-3 but it not's very consistent in the way it interprets the prompt, so expect to give it some extra coaching at the start of the game.
It'll (usually) start by asking you to generate prompts that will form the basis of your game. If you want a completely random experience then just ask it to generate the prompts itself (and optionally reveal them to you or keep them to itself). GPT-3 will often just auto-generate anyway, but you can also tell it start again and "give me the prompts".
If the "game" text ends up running away from itself and you, the player, start to lose agency, just reinforce the rule about only letting one minute of game time pass between prompts/responses and to allow you to interact at least once per minute.
Have fun with it!