The issue you're encountering is due to trying to use Astro's Image component from astro:assets inside a Svelte component. Astro's Image component is not a valid SSR component for Svelte.
In Svelte components within your Astro app, you should use standard JSX image syntax (<img />). Astro will not optimize these images, but you can install and use NPM packages for more flexibility. Here's how you can do it:
index.astro
---
import Card from '../components/Card.svelte';
import picture from './assets/picture.jpg';
---
<Card
image={picture}
/>
Card.svelte
<script>
export let image;
</script>
<img
src={image}
alt="..."
/>
In this example, the image is imported in the index.astro file and passed to the Card component as a prop. Then, in the Card component, the image prop is used as the src attribute for the standard HTML img tag.
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