I have an RX580 which I have been using for a while. Historically, I've had similar issues where when the amdgpu driver is loaded the RX580 simply return no signal. However, that issue magically resolved itself and I've been using it for a while.
The issue has returned. The issue does not occur on windows, nor does it occur with my NVIDIA card. However, I have tried a different RX580 from someone else which encountered the same issue.
I've checked the syslog, amdgpu isn't emitting any obvious errors. I've also tried amdgpu.dc=0 and amdgpu.dpm=0; nothing. nomodeset allows me to get through, but only because amdgpu isn't loaded.
This issue isn't exclusive to any distro, it's been observed on fedora, mint and opensuse.