If the order of events presented in the sentence is to be believed, he got disowned before med school (so like late teens/ early twenties or earlier). I am by no means someone with any experience on the topic, but that seems pretty young and Charles is a rather sensible, no-nonsense kinda guy. I just have a hard time imagining why his family wouldn't want him around anymore (especially at such young age). Your kid literally became a doctor, be proud.
I've seen most of his dialogue in-game (I think... I did marry him), but he never mentions it. From the info in-game (i.e. the quest where he wants to send some tea to his folks on his birthday (and yes, the thought him being the one trying to connect through giving presents on his birthday does make me very sad (take your birthday burrito from me at least, my guy))), you'd kinda think nothing was up on that front. That he's just a bit bummed over the whole Brook thing.
I dunno, maybe the answer will get added to the game eventually, but in the meanwhile, does anyone have any theories or speculation?