How do I make the script updated at a certain time?

[sharp prism]

how to detect, for example, damage and reduced durability, the script will be updated?

[loud field]

for damage you can use the entity hurt event

world.afterEvents.entityHurt.subscribe(function (event) {
    world.sendMessage(`${event.hurtEntity.typeId} was damaged.`);
});

durability would be a little more complex and need you to track the items durability every tick or every use and determine if it changed