In my mod, I was drawing a circle using TRIANGLE_FAN, but it wasn't appearing for me, so I did some testing. What I found out was, the order of how you define your vertices matters. For reference, number 2 works, number 1 doesn't
// This doesnt work
bufferBuilder.vertex(matrix, 100, 100, 0).color(255, 255, 255, 255);
bufferBuilder.vertex(matrix, 200, 100, 0).color(255, 255, 255, 255);
bufferBuilder.vertex(matrix, 200, 200, 0).color(255, 255, 255, 255);
// But this does
bufferBuilder.vertex(matrix, 100, 100, 0).color(255, 255, 255, 255);
bufferBuilder.vertex(matrix, 200, 200, 0).color(255, 255, 255, 255);
bufferBuilder.vertex(matrix, 200, 100, 0).color(255, 255, 255, 255);