I noticed a few occasions of this: a security door that requires a keycard could be opened with a keycard that has the same color, but a different number on it.
As you can see on the screenshot attached, the door requires the purple 725 key to open and I opened this door with purple key 100. It's not just a display issue of objective item list, as the same (100) number was shown when picking up the key as well.
I don't remember whether we pinged that keycard beforehand, but I'll send an update if we encounter this again (although we moved on to ALT R2 since).