It seems like the nvidia drivers (at least, the nvidia-dkms package) does not work with the lockdown=integrity kernel parameter.
Relevant journal entries (journalctl -b -2 -p 0..5):
kernel: Lockdown: (udev-worker): unsigned module loading is restricted; see man kernel_lockdown.7
systemd-modules-load[644]: Failed to insert module 'nvidia_uvm': Operation not permitted
systemd[1]: systemd-modules-load.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
systemd[1]: systemd-modules-load.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
systemd[1]: Failed to start Load Kernel Modules.
(Quick note, this appears twice in the journal)
I feel like this should be mentioned under the Kernel lockdown mode section of https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Security#Kernel_hardening