Kernel Space vs. User Space?

[sterile hill]

I'm a little confused about what is user space and what is kernel space.

Is the user space living in a different process from the OS (kernel space)? How do user space programmes and kernel space programmes (i.e., vmlinux) stay isolated from one another?

[severe frost]

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[wild helm]

Typically kernel space programmers only work on the kernel itself

Say I want to read data from a file, eventually the program will have to find where the data for the file is on disk, resolve segmented data all that fun stuff. Basically the only program that directly interacts with the hardware is the kernel
How they sperate each other is by simply not allowing users to interact with the hardware directly, and instead they can only do so by going through the kernel

So for reading a file, the program sets up some data including the open file id, a pointer on where to write the data, and how much data to read, then you preform a system call.
At this point user space is exited, then the kernel picks up, does all the things it needs to do to complete the task, and user space returns

[severe frost]

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