#help-43

1 messages · Page 18 of 1

strange pendant
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dot product between two vectors in r3 gives a scalar

strange pendant
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how is that an orthogonal projection

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if its a scalar

muted elbow
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idk what is orthogonal projection

strange pendant
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.

muted elbow
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maybe projection is not the term used in the book you read

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idk how to explain it

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you gotta watch a video on the geometrical meaning of dot product

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then you will get it

strange pendant
#

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deft tangle
compact pewterBOT
deft tangle
#

L is finte so value of A will be?

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I tried to use binomial expansion

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( a - |a| \left(1 - \frac{x^2}{2a^2} - \frac{1}{8} \frac{x^4}{a^4} \right) )

boreal girderBOT
deft tangle
#

What should I do next?

latent ridge
deft tangle
#

Which term?@latent ridge

flint oar
#

Rationalize it with a+√(a^2-b^2)

compact pewterBOT
#

@deft tangle Has your question been resolved?

stone wing
deft tangle
jagged blade
#

Is L'Hopital not an option?

stone wing
#

L hospital 4 times?

jagged blade
#

I think 2 might be sufficient

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Since the numerator will clean up

stone wing
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Yea didn't see it

jagged blade
#

I'm also tempted to use a trig sub here

stone wing
#

x=asin§ ?

jagged blade
#

Don't just give answers without explanation

stone wing
#

Sorry I'm new

jagged blade
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The idea is to help them solve it themself

jagged blade
stone wing
stone wing
compact pewterBOT
#

@deft tangle Has your question been resolved?

deft tangle
deft tangle
stone wing
#

Yea x^2 terms must vanish

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So what must be the value of a?

stone wing
deft tangle
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carmine garden
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I don'

compact pewterBOT
carmine garden
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I don't get how 3 implies 2

kind viper
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they don't show 3 => 2 outright

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this solution does it as 1 => 2 => 3 => 1

carmine garden
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okay that works then

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thanks!

carmine garden
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2 to.3 that is

kind viper
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?

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did you mistype or what

carmine garden
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yes

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3 to 2

kind viper
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3 => 2 is... eh.

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like without going through 1 somehow?

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yeah i don't see a way immediately

dusky nymph
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you could argue somewhat similarly to how they did 3==>1, like as follows:

carmine garden
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what I see is we can say let t be in their intersection, then for any vector v

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and yeah, that should work

dusky nymph
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suppose x is a common element of v + U and w + U, say
x = v + u1 = w + u2
then v + u1 is contained in w + U
if u is any element of U, then
v + u = v + u1 + (u - u1) is contained in w + U + (u - u1), and the latter is just w + U

carmine garden
#

got it

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Thanks!

dusky nymph
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er, i might have garbled that a bit, but that's the general gist

carmine garden
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got it

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thanks

dusky nymph
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there fixed typos in the last line

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so that shows v + U is contained in w + U
and the reverse containment is shown identically

carmine garden
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got it

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thanks

dusky nymph
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yw

carmine garden
#

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torpid carbon
#

yo what’s the deal with double derivatives

compact pewterBOT
torpid carbon
#

second

unkempt sail
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Do you have a specific question in mind

torpid carbon
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and then checking with second

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yo find a maxima or minima

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when do you use this

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and how does this work

unkempt sail
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Ah I see

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Second derivative usually gives the shape of the curve i.e convexity/concavity of the curve

torpid carbon
compact pewterBOT
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silent wigeon
#

Are my answers fine

compact pewterBOT
silent wigeon
#

Allowed by mark scheme BUT mine are in minus

icy nymph
icy nymph
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it should be 3.73, not -3.73

silent wigeon
stone wing
#

Yea you could just take the root lol

icy nymph
icy nymph
compact pewterBOT
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@silent wigeon Has your question been resolved?

storm lichen
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hushed magnet
#

,rotate

boreal girderBOT
hushed magnet
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whats 6.20

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ok

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yes you can basically just copy 6.20

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instead of the straight line you have your given cont function between two points

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pallid gorge
compact pewterBOT
pallid gorge
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For part c the answer is no when i got hes

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Yes

kind elm
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Well the inflection point is technically the point at which the concavity of the function changes

pallid gorge
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Ya

kind elm
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you need to ensure that f'' is of different signs on either side of your inflection point

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which it is not, it's always non-negative

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for a simpler example, x^3 does have an inflection point at x = 0 but x^4 does not

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despite both second derivatives being 0

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(it can be graphically verified too)

pallid gorge
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so i can sub in

pallid gorge
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x = 0

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and x = 2?

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and then if theyre different signs

kind elm
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not always but yeah

pallid gorge
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then x = 1 is an inflection?

kind elm
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it doesn't have to be in a space of 1

pallid gorge
#

oh

kind elm
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it could be within any distance

pallid gorge
#

what woul dbe the easiest

kind elm
#

in your case you don't have to do anything

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since f''(x) = 12(x - 1)^2 >= 0

pallid gorge
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my teacher did

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the third derivative

kind elm
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yeah that's another check

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third derivative should be non-zero

compact pewterBOT
#

@pallid gorge Has your question been resolved?

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forest token
compact pewterBOT
forest token
#

not able to start

muted elbow
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same for q2

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using this you can find the sign of charge

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there is an equilibrium point to the right of q2

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that means q1 has higher magnitude

forest token
forest token
muted elbow
muted elbow
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when r→0 for q1 this is a very big number

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for q2 its some small number

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so the total field can be approximated as that of q1 only

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since q2 has negligible contribution

forest token
muted elbow
forest token
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infinity?

muted elbow
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no

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its not clearly mentioned but

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q1 and q2 are at a finite separation

forest token
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what do i answer for this

muted elbow
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its some finite distance

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we dont need it

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lets call it L

forest token
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ok

muted elbow
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so when the distance from q1 → 0 the distance from q2 → L

forest token
#

yeah

muted elbow
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the magnitude of E field of q1 tends to infinity

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while for q2 its some finite quantity

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so its negligible in comparison

forest token
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ohk yeah

muted elbow
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so towards right of q1 we have - ∞

forest token
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so q1 will be bigger but how to comment on the signs

muted elbow
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that means direction is towards left

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then what is the charge of q1

muted elbow
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this does not comment on magnitude of q1

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this is for sign

muted elbow
forest token
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but E inversely proportional to r^2 and directly proportional to q..q1 is still having an impact at a distance L from q2 dosent that mean q1 is bigger

muted elbow
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yes but

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q1 and q2 are not given to us

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we just assume them to be some finite quantity

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i am just changing the distance

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consider everything else as constant

forest token
muted elbow
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like lets say we are 10^-10 m to the right of q1

muted elbow
forest token
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how do i comment on magnitude then

muted elbow
#

you dont have to

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just comment on relative magnitude

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for q1

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we will have something like 1/(10^-10)^2

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while for q2 we will have 1/(L-10^-10)^2

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which is bigger

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although yes you can set L such that its actually bigger for q2 but there will always exist a neighbourhood around q1 where effect of q2 is negligible

forest token
muted elbow
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we are doing sign rn

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have you understood doing sign?

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and why it works

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i can help with magnitude as well

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what is the sign of q2

forest token
forest token
muted elbow
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yes

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it is attracting towards its right

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well left too

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but you get what i mean

forest token
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yeah

muted elbow
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now what is the sign of q2

forest token
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hmm left of q2 it goes to -infinity so it is trying to attract

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so positive

muted elbow
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but ye you are right

forest token
muted elbow
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repulsion

forest token
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why will it repel

muted elbow
#

the test charge is assumed to be positive

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q2 is positive

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so it will repel it

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repulse is wrong i think

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forget that

forest token
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ohk fine

muted elbow
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repel is the correct word

forest token
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👍

muted elbow
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now since q1 is negative and q2 is positive

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do you think there will be a point in between q1 and q2 that will have 0 electric field

forest token
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no

muted elbow
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and since in the graph there is no point where E field is zero towards the left of q1

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that means q1 must have higher magnitude

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cause q1 field is towards right and q2 field is towards left in the region left of q1

forest token
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oh ok yeah

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i have learnt doing this from questions also..find pt of equilibrium of third charge when a system of 2 charges is present

muted elbow
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yes

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the equilibrium point if two charges are of opposite signs always lies outside the charge with smaller magnitude

forest token
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yeah

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ok thanks

#

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warped oar
#

Solve the quadratic congruence:
x^2 = 1 (mod 77)

compact pewterBOT
#

@warped oar Has your question been resolved?

warped oar
#

,w (43^2 - 1)/77

warped oar
#

I got two solutions.

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43 and 34

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More generally, 43 + 77k and 34 + 77k

formal yarrow
warped oar
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How?

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Prove there are no more.

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bleak dock
#

ah there's also a theorem that says that x^n = k in modular arithmetic has at most n solutions modulo p

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to get an idea of how that would work here, suppose that $m^2 \equiv n^2 \pmod p$

boreal girderBOT
bleak dock
#

then (m - n)(m + n) = 0 mod p, so either m = n or m = -n

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modulo p ofc

bleak dock
#

all are possible if you check

compact pewterBOT
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rough coyote
#

can someone help me with this problem please

compact pewterBOT
rough coyote
#

I don't quite understand something about the rotations

#

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silent wigeon
#

how is the diameter not x

compact pewterBOT
idle mountain
#

what is a diameter?

silent wigeon
#

a line in a circle

idle mountain
#

a line that PASSES through the center of the circle

subtle helm
silent wigeon
subtle helm
#

a line passing through a circle is just a chord (connecting two edges)

silent wigeon
#

what abt radius then? does it have to be half at the centre too?

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like half a line before center

idle mountain
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it is a line that touches the circle and its center

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basically half of diameter

silent wigeon
idle mountain
#

yes

silent wigeon
#

Ok thank you

idle mountain
#

it is considered as a chord

silent wigeon
#

👍

#

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forest token
compact pewterBOT
forest token
#

how to do this without manually calculating

#

options btw

versed sigil
#

well, use {x} = x - floor(x), perhaps? 😄

forest token
#

oh right

versed sigil
#

but before that, this expression can be simplified quite a lot ! nevermind!

forest token
#

oh how

forest token
kind elm
#

x - floor(x) is probably your best bet

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it shouldn't be too bad

forest token
#

im getting
sqrt(3) - 2(sqrt 2) + 1/(-2 sqrt(3) + 4(sqrt 2)-2)

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oh

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it cancels

#

nevermind

kind elm
#

lol

forest token
#

thanks

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spiral jackal
compact pewterBOT
spiral jackal
#

Could someone please do part ci and cii and see what answer they get

#

<@&286206848099549185>

elfin silo
spiral jackal
#

since i think im doing it wrong

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just a bit of doubt

elfin silo
#

you can show your work and we can comment if there's any mistake

spiral jackal
#

i did for part c i)

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u=(0.27+u)(u+0.2)

elfin silo
#

explain your reasoning so we can see what's wrong

spiral jackal
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if independent P(J and K) = P(J) x P(K)

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P(J and K) = u

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P(J) = 0.27 + u

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P(K) = (0.2 + u)

elfin silo
#

are you sure P(K) = 0.2+u?

spiral jackal
#

yh thats the part not 100% sure

elfin silo
#

it seems to me L is part of K and 0.2 is only the probabily of K \ (L∪J)

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u is that of K∩J

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you're missing that of K∩L = L

spiral jackal
#

wait bc the circle is in K does it mean its part of K

elfin silo
#

That's usually how Venn diagrams are read

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if you draw a set inside another, it is contained

spiral jackal
#

so what is the probability of K

elfin silo
#

K can be broken into 3 mutually exclusive events
K = (K∩J) ∪ (K∩L) ∪ (K \ (J∪L))

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so P(K) is the sum of the probabilities of these events

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what are they?

spiral jackal
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whats (K∩L)

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they dont overlap

elfin silo
#

they do, as L sits in K

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K∩L = L

spiral jackal
#

(K∩L) = v?

elfin silo
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P(K∩L) = v

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K∩L is an event, its probability is v

spiral jackal
#

btw for c i) it wants it in terms of u

elfin silo
#

sure, let's write it down first though

spiral jackal
#

so is the probability u + 0.27 + v + v

elfin silo
#

there's only one v

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no wait, what is that the probabily of?

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it should be u+v+0.2

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K = (K∩J) ∪ (K∩L) ∪ (K \ (J∪L))
P(K) = P(K∩J) +P (K∩L) +P (K \ (J∪L)) = u+v+0.2

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don't you agree?

spiral jackal
#

yeah

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so (0.27 + u) x (u+v+0.2)

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u+v we told in part b is 0.35

elfin silo
#

yes

spiral jackal
#

(0.27 + u) (0.55)=u

elfin silo
#

there's the equation
if you solve it you find u, with which you find v

spiral jackal
#

yep tysm

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for the help

elfin silo
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you're welcome

spiral jackal
#

btw

spiral jackal
#

so L is a subset

elfin silo
#

L is a subset of K, yes

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you need to specify what of

spiral jackal
#

makes sense

elfin silo
#

$$L \subset K$$

boreal girderBOT
elfin silo
#

you write it like this

spiral jackal
#

alr ty

#

.close

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vapid yacht
compact pewterBOT
vapid yacht
#

I have done the first part of this question, that is, when a = 1
obviously, a solution only exists if b = c = d

for the second case, that is a not equal to 1, I did gaussian row reduction, in which I fond the following combination of elements in the last row:

$(0 | 0 | \frac{a^4 + 2a - 3a^2}{a^3 - a} | d - \frac{ab + ca}{a(a + 1)})$

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actually its best I type out the entire augmented matrix

boreal girderBOT
#

Klein Bottle
Compile Error! Click the errors reaction for more information.
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#

Klein Bottle
Compile Error! Click the errors reaction for more information.
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vapid yacht
#

and then finally

boreal girderBOT
#

Klein Bottle
Compile Error! Click the errors reaction for more information.
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vapid yacht
#

in this as well, I think there would be two solutions: one with infiintely many solutions and one with a unique solution in which (a - 1) + \frac{(a - 1)^2}{a^2 -1} cannot equal to zero

#

am I on the right path?

#

<@&286206848099549185>

compact pewterBOT
#

@vapid yacht Has your question been resolved?

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forest token
compact pewterBOT
forest token
#

can someone help me with this? im trying to do it graphically but i dont know how to start

lime juniper
forest token
#

could u explain a bit more?

lime juniper
#

yeah sure

forest token
#

about how to divide it into intervals

lime juniper
#

im gonna call it the image because thats what im used to, one sec

proud halo
#

Why don't you do it normally instead of with a graph

#

You'll need to do the interval dividing anyways

lime juniper
#

[
f(y) =
\begin{cases}
y + 1 & \text{if } y \leq 1 \
5 - y^2 & \text{if } y > 1
\end{cases}
\qquad
g(x) =
\begin{cases}
x & \text{if } x \leq 1 \
2 - x & \text{if } x > 1
\end{cases}
]

#

notice I renamed g(x) to g(y) but that doesn't matter, you agree?

forest token
lime juniper
#

so, okay, you want to do a graph of this

#

can I use a computer for it

forest token
#

f(g(x)) =
g(x)+1, g(x)<=1
5-g(x)^2, g(x)>1

forest token
lime juniper
#

oh I confused which was was which , one sec

boreal girderBOT
#

gfauxpas

forest token
#

ohk

lime juniper
#

okay so, the vertical line at x=1 is not actually a vertical line it's a limitation of the program, did you learn that about computer graphs?

proud halo
#

solve the inequalities

#

and you're done

lime juniper
proud halo
#

seems unnecessary

#

but sure, you do you

forest token
# proud halo and you're done

for this question yes but im just using this as a base to learn another method..but in an exam yeah ill solve it using normal method only

proud halo
#

okay

forest token
lime juniper
#

alright. what's the image of f?

forest token
#

[-4,4]

lime juniper
#

good

#

funny stuff happens at x=1, so let's see which half of the curve the points there are on

#

what is (1,f(1))?

forest token
#

f(1)=2

lime juniper
#

great

#

notation i'm gonna use:
f([interval]) <- the image of the function f as applied to the interval

#

f([-2,4)) ? f({4})? f((4,3])?

#

if you dont understand the notation, I mean that:
f([-2,4)) = [-1,2)

forest token
#

f of an interval

#

but yeah i understood

lime juniper
#

ah wait

#

i was looking at the wrong numbers sotrry

#

I meant

#

f([-2,1)) = [-1,2)

forest token
#

f(4) = 5-(4^2)?

lime juniper
#

f({1})={2}
f((1,3]) = [-4,4)

#

I didnt mean f({4}) that was a mistake

#

basically this notation means, whats the SET of all output numbers when f is applied to every number in the SET of inputs

forest token
#

👍

lime juniper
#

now repace y with g(x)

forest token
#

f(g(x)) =
g(x)+1, g(x)<=1
5-g(x)^2, g(x)>1

lime juniper
#

so yeah I actually should have analyed g(x) not f(x)

#

that was my mistake, if you want to do it graphically

forest token
#

oh

lime juniper
#

yeah it really is hard to do this graphically because doing it with algebra is so tempting, it's only really going to be worth doing the graph if you dont have the formula for the function

lime juniper
#

but sure let's take a look

forest token
lime juniper
#

g([-1,1]) = [-1,1]
g([1,3])=[1,3])
hey that's pretty neat

forest token
#

yeah lol

lime juniper
#

so for f(y), you have:
let y=g(x)
y+1, when g(x)<=1
5-y^2, when g(x) > 1

#

when is g(x) > 1?

#

I made a bad typo

forest token
#

uh never?

lime juniper
lime juniper
#

so just ignore the 5-y^2 part

forest token
#

oh okay

#

yeah

#

and g(x)<=1 for all real numbers

#

so we just have to graph
x+1,x<=1
and (2-x)+1,x>1

gloomy sparrow
#

y r u trying to graph

forest token
#

bro what is ur problem if i try to graph 😭 i know there are better methods

lime juniper
lime juniper
gloomy sparrow
#

oh okay

forest token
#

that guys my friend lol

lime juniper
#

oh lol

gloomy sparrow
#

i was just wondering y

#

not complaining

lime juniper
#

anyway a teacher might ask you to do a question like this and not give you the definition of the functions themselves

forest token
lime juniper
#

anyawy youre done

forest token
#

thanks a lot

#

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dusk coral
#

where is this *3 coming from like i dont get it

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dusk coral
kind crane
# dusk coral

looks like it's the binomial expansion theorem / formula

#

or are you asking why $\binom{3}{2} = 3$ ?

boreal girderBOT
#

riemann

dusk coral
#

yes

kind crane
#

did you learn $\binom{n}{k} = \frac{n!}{k! (n-k)!}$

boreal girderBOT
#

riemann

dusk coral
#

ahhhh with this formular i get 3

#

nope didnt know there is this formular

kind crane
dusk coral
#

well thanks a lot

#

ye true without im doing no progress

#

well thanks i will close

#

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dapper fable
compact pewterBOT
dapper fable
#

is this the right way?

#

if yes, how to end it?

compact pewterBOT
#

@dapper fable Has your question been resolved?

compact pewterBOT
#

@dapper fable Has your question been resolved?

compact pewterBOT
#

@dapper fable Has your question been resolved?

kind crane
kind crane
#

don't see how that'd help, but sure try it

#

differentiable -> can do integration by parts

#

you should also be using fourier representation of f since the question tells you f is periodic

dapper fable
#

But okay, I’ll try it tomorrow and hope it’ll be enough

#

Do you have any idea about an example for 5?

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#

@dapper fable Has your question been resolved?

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stone jackal
#

\subsection*{19) $\begin{aligned}
&h(x, y) = \ln(\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}) \
&(x, y, z) = (3, 4, \ln(5))
\end{aligned}$}
$$z = \ln(\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}) \implies f(x, y, z) = \ln(\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}) - z$$
$$\begin{aligned}
\vec n &= \nabla h \
&= \left<\frac{2x}{x^2 + y^2}, \frac{2y}{x^2 + y^2}, -1 \right> \
&= \left<\frac{6}{25}, \frac{8}{25}, -1 \right>
\end{aligned}$$
$$\frac{6}{25}(x - 3) + \frac{8}{25}(y - 4) - (z - \ln(5)) = 0$$

boreal girderBOT
#

@stone jackal

stone jackal
#

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stone jackal
#

,w partial z = ln(sqrt(x^2 + y^2))

stone jackal
#

.reopen

compact pewterBOT
#

stone jackal
#

\subsection*{19) $\begin{aligned}
&h(x, y) = \ln(\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}) \
&(x, y, z) = (3, 4, \ln(5))
\end{aligned}$}
$$z = \ln(\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}) \implies f(x, y, z) = \ln(\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}) - z$$
$$\begin{aligned}
\vec n &= \nabla h \
&= \left<\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}}, \frac{y}{x^2 + y^2}, -1 \right> \
&= \left<\frac{3}{25}, \frac{4}{25}, -1 \right>
\end{aligned}$$
$$\frac{3}{25}(x - 3) + \frac{4}{25}(y - 4) - (z - \ln(5)) = 0$$

boreal girderBOT
#

@stone jackal

stone jackal
keen granite
#

math appears to check out

stone jackal
#

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cyan trench
compact pewterBOT
cyan trench
#

I understand that the 1/3 got moved using a rule

#

But how did that last chunk just turn from positive to negative

tulip ivy
#

Distribution

jagged sparrow
#

1/3 as exponent means cube root

#

cube root of 27 is 3

tulip ivy
#

You mean that, right?

jagged sparrow
#

the last one turned from positive to negative because - x + = -

cyan trench
#

😭

#

How I miss this

#

Sorry guys

jagged sparrow
#

Am I correct?

#

NP

cyan trench
#

Lemme continue tho

jagged sparrow
#

T-T

cyan trench
#

I'll probably run into another issue soon

jagged sparrow
#

GL

compact pewterBOT
#

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cyan trench
compact pewterBOT
cyan trench
#

So I was suppost to simply that

#

Where does all of the stuff on the right side come from

#

And how does x need to be greater then 3 but also less then-3

#

That's impossible

subtle helm
#

Or

#

It’s or not and

cyan trench
#

Okay

#

And is this required just cuz there is a denominator at some point,m

subtle helm
#

It’s required from x^2 > 9

cyan trench
#

Why do we need to talk about that

#

Like what makes us need to do that

#

Some questions don't have these weird redirections

subtle helm
#

Cuz the input of log

#

Can only > 0

#

That’s the domain of log

cyan trench
#

Ok

cyan trench
#

How come my teacher didn't write all of that type of stuff up for this question

subtle helm
#

Weird..

cyan trench
#

Just the denominator

#

Isek

subtle helm
#

Yes, for this one

#

From the denominator it’s x > -3

#

From the initial expression we have x > 1

#

For it to make sense

cyan trench
#

It's not in the denominator

subtle helm
cyan trench
jagged sparrow
#

Idk where this is going?

#

What was your question bud?

cyan trench
#

Idk how to explain he is helping tho

#

I got another one in a sec

jagged sparrow
#

Oh u asked why x<-3 and x>3?

cyan trench
#

Yea got that figure out tho

subtle helm
#

It must x>0

cyan trench
#

But I only do that with brackets

#

Like the brackets ring a bell to check, and besdies that it's x>0

subtle helm
#

Yes u need to check the domain of log

cyan trench
#

If I had this without the brackets then would I have to write x>-5

#

Or x can't be -5

#

Or wtf you do

bleak dock
boreal girderBOT
bleak dock
#

now +5 is a vertical shift and that doesn't change the position of the vertical asymptote

bleak dock
compact pewterBOT
#

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cyan trench
#

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small brook
#

how does this part become the next part?
-how does adding a 1/2 into the integral allow you to integrate?

small brook
#

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small brook
#

thx

stark marsh
# small brook thx

Note that they also multiplied 2 so they didn’t really change the input

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woven panther
#

Number Theory Problem - need hint
https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/1732/A

Can someone give a hint ?

I tried to apply the operation greedily from the end to the front of the array but I found that it fails.
Then I thought that if an operation is applied on an index and it removes some primes from the element then it should remove all the powers of that prime.
Now for each prime in gcd of all array numbers I should calculate the least cost and if it is possible to entirely remove instances of more than one prime from a number then cost is counted only once.
But I think I have overcomplicated it.

woven panther
formal yarrow
#

hint : take ANY array and apply the operation on last two elements, what happens to gcd of whole array now?

woven panther
#

let me try

formal yarrow
#

or better : what happens to gcd of last two elements after the operation

woven panther
#

is gcd(n, n-1) = 1 helpful here ?

formal yarrow
#

yess

#

exactly

woven panther
#

oooh, let me think

formal yarrow
compact pewterBOT
#

@woven panther Has your question been resolved?

woven panther
#

don't give me sol rn, I almost got it

formal yarrow
woven panther
#

I think I have formaly proved it

#

g1 = gcd(n, an) | n
g2 = gcd(n - 1, a_n-1) | n -1

#

gcd(g1, g2) = 1

#

n = g1 * k1
n - 1 = g2 * k2
where k1, k2 are non zero integers

#

after taking gcd on last two numbers if take gcd on these individual gcd's then

#

gcd (g1, g2) = gcd (n/k1 , (n-1)/k2)

#

since g1, g2 are integers
k1 | n
k2 | n-1

woven panther
#

= 1/(k1k2) * gcd ((n-1) k1 , nk2)
= 1/(k1k2) * gcd(g2k1k2, g1k1k2)
= gcd(g1, g2)
= 1

formal yarrow
#

you tried to prove gcd(g1,g2)=1 right

#

you have used gcd(g1,g2)=1 to prove that

#

circular argument

#

youre right that gcd(g1,g2) is 1

woven panther
#

my bad

formal yarrow
#

but for proof, let gcd(g1,g2)=d
from g1 | n, g2 | n-1
you get d | n and d | n-1

#

continue from here

#

in simple words, g1 is a divisor of n, g2 is a divisor of n-1 and since n and n-1 don't have any common factors, g1 and g2 also don't have any common factors

woven panther
#

thanks

formal yarrow
#

now you can make the algorithm

woven panther
formal yarrow
woven panther
#

accepted

#

🥳

#

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formal yarrow
#

🎉

compact pewterBOT
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tropic agate
#

I'm reading about condition numbers $\operatorname{cond}(A)$. I'm faced with the true or false question "If $Ax=b$ is well-conditioned, then $\operatorname{cond}(A)$ is small." I think it is false, and I think a counterexample is given by the matrix $$\begin{pmatrix} k^2&0\ 0&1 \end{pmatrix}\text{ with } k\gg 1.$$I'm just learning the ropes of this; how do I show a system with the above matrix is well-conditioned?

boreal girderBOT
compact pewterBOT
#

@tropic agate Has your question been resolved?

hushed magnet
#

how did you define well conditioned systems

#

did you not define it by using that cond(A) is small?

#

its been some time since I've done that kinda stuff. but wikipedia does define it in that way

tropic agate
# hushed magnet its been some time since I've done that kinda stuff. but wikipedia does define i...

well, it is true I think that if cond(A) is small, then the system is well-conditioned. But this is the converse. A system is well-conditioned if small relative changes in the coefficients of the system cause small relative errors in the solution. So for example, consider x+y=5 and x-y=1. This system has the solution (x,y)=(3,2). Then consider x+y=5 and x-y=1.00001, which has the solution (3.00005,1.99995). Thus this system is well-conditioned.

tropic agate
#

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hushed magnet
#

the maximum relative error is precisely given by the condition number

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tropic agate
# hushed magnet the maximum relative error is precisely given by the condition number

I think I found a counterexample. Consider $b=(0,1)$ and also $b'=(0,1+h)$ where $h$ is small. Then the solutions are $x=(0,1)$ and $x'=(0,1+h)$, and the relative change in $b$ is $|b'-b|/|b|=|h|$ whereas the relative change in $x$ is $|x'-x|/|x|=|h|$, so the system is well-conditioned. But $\operatorname{cond}(A)=k$ can be made arbitrarily large.

boreal girderBOT
hushed magnet
#

ok but thats not all possible errors

#

what about b'=(h,1)

#

or something

tropic agate
hushed magnet
#

but I mean your system is 2x2. you could just let the error be e=(h1,h2) and then do all the calculations

tropic agate
hushed magnet
#

not sure why errors in A are not considered

compact pewterBOT
#

@tropic agate Has your question been resolved?

tropic agate
# hushed magnet not sure why errors in A are not considered

I think I finally understand now. We have if $A$ is invertible, that $$\frac1{\operatorname{cond}(A)}\Delta b\leq \Delta x\leq \operatorname{cond}(A)\Delta b,$$where $\Delta b$ and $\Delta x$ are the relative changes in $b$ and $x$. So if the system is well conditioned, we have $\Delta b\approx\Delta x$, so divide the above inequality by $\Delta b$, then $\Delta x/\Delta b=1+\epsilon$ where $|\epsilon|$ is small. And so the inequality reduces to $$\frac1{\operatorname{cond}(A)}\leq 1+\epsilon\leq \operatorname{cond}(A).$$Clearly this does not imply $\operatorname{cond}(A)$ is small.

boreal girderBOT
tropic agate
#

What I used above is the following theorem, @hushed magnet :

#

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worn wyvern
#

\begin{align*}
\frac{e^{2x} - 1}{6e^x} &= \frac{2e^{2x} \cdot 6e^x - 6e^x (2e^{2x} - 1}{6^2 e^{2x}} \
&=\frac{2e^{2x}-6e^x\cdot e^{2x} +6e^x}{6^2e^{2x}}
&=
\end{align*}

worn wyvern
#

pressed enter by mistake bearlain

fluid stag
#

this is what you have written

boreal girderBOT
#

<rajel />

worn wyvern
#

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carmine garden
#

can I have a hint

compact pewterBOT
carmine garden
#

I was thinking of starting by saying v \in U and U is spanned by e_1,e_2,\dots,e_m

#

So $T( \sum_{i=1}^{m} \alpha_i e_i)= \sum_{i=1}^{m} \beta_i e_i$

boreal girderBOT
slate sand
#

What does the invariant part mean, T(U) = U for every T:V->V linear?

carmine garden
slate sand
#

So T(U) = U

carmine garden
#

yes

slate sand
#

Is this question under dual spaces?

carmine garden
#

no

slate sand
#

Before?

carmine garden
#

after

#

I need dual spaces here? Denascite suggested I come dual spaces to this later

slate sand
#

I don’t know I’m thinking

carmine garden
#

I was thinkng contrapositive

#

consider a vector space that's neither V not {0} . Then there exists a linear transfomration that's not invarient

slate sand
carmine garden
#

wdym

slate sand
carmine garden
#

my bad, yes

slate sand
#

I mean

#

Is it even true that every operation is invariant on V itself

#

The map that sends everything to 0 maps V to 0 not V to V

#

Or does it just mean that T(U) ⊆ U

carmine garden
#

The image is still in V

hybrid walrus
#

I find that taking a basis of U and expanding it to a basis of V makes this very simple

slate sand
#

That would be my thought too

carmine garden
#

Won't contrapositive work better?

hybrid walrus
#

Contrapositive, yeah. Take the linear operator on V that swaps a basis element of U with a basis element not in U (which both exist by assumption).

carmine garden
#

I thought you were talking about direct proof

#

😭

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thanks

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.close

compact pewterBOT
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deft tangle
compact pewterBOT
deft tangle
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I didn't understand the question properly what they are giving and asking

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Information is too much tricky

carmine garden
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Given:$p,q \in \Z$ . $\alpha, \beta$ are the roots of $x^2-x-1$. $a_m= p \alpha^n + q \beta^n$. If $a,b \in \Q$ and $a+ \sqrt{5}b=0 \implies a=b=0$.
\
If $a_4=28$, find $p+2q$

boreal girderBOT
kind viper
#

hang on

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alpha and beta are the roots of x^2 - x - 1 = 0 sure

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but do we know which is which?

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i think the question is wrong

west canyon
kind viper
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i mean ok like p alpha^4 + q beta^4 = 28

west canyon
kind viper
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but i did also work it out the honest way

west canyon
kind viper
#

well it has the benefit of respecting nosols

compact pewterBOT
#

@deft tangle Has your question been resolved?

short ferry
# deft tangle

notice that the equation can be rearranged into x^2 = x + 1

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both α and β are roots of that equation, that means
α^2 = α + 1
β^2 = β + 1

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try using this to reduce the powers in a_4

kind viper
#

ie try expressing alpha^4 as linear function of alpha

gleaming field
#

What is the square root of 1690

kind viper
compact pewterBOT
short ferry
compact pewterBOT
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@deft tangle Has your question been resolved?

deft tangle
#

a_4=28

=Pa^4+qB^4

short ferry
#

so 28 = Pa^4+qB^4

deft tangle
#

Yeah

short ferry
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btw you can multiply it with a^2

deft tangle
#

α^2 = α + 1
β^2 = β + 1

short ferry
#

so you get a^4 = a^3 + a^2

short ferry
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and you repeat it for a^3 and a^2

deft tangle
#

Ohh i got it

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Yes

short ferry
deft tangle
#

so 28 = Pa^3+Pa^2+qB^3+qB^2

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@short ferry

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What should I do next?

short ferry
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rewrite a^3 using a^2 + a

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then a^2 using a and 1

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and same for beta

deft tangle
#

28=2Pa^2+P+2qB^2+q

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@short ferry

short ferry
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hmm

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that doesnt look right

#

shouldnt it be Pa and qB

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28 = 2pa^2 + pa + 2qb^2 + qb

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do you know fibonacci btw?

#

notice that a^n acts kinda like it

deft tangle
short ferry
#

okay, nvm then

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just continue doing it

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until you reach something so simple, that it has only a and b in it with no powers at all

compact pewterBOT
#

@deft tangle Has your question been resolved?

compact pewterBOT
#

@deft tangle Has your question been resolved?

compact pewterBOT
#

@deft tangle Has your question been resolved?

compact pewterBOT
#
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cedar mortar
#

How do I calculate the test statistic and the p-value by using the TI-84 Plus CD calculator? I need help!

rigid perch
#

stat -> tests -> 6: 2-prop Z-test

compact pewterBOT
#

@cedar mortar Has your question been resolved?

cedar mortar
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rigid perch
cedar mortar
compact pewterBOT
cedar mortar
#

.close

compact pewterBOT
#
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Ask your math question in a clear, concise manner.
Show your work, and if possible, explain where you are stuck.
After 15 minutes, feel free to ping <@&286206848099549185>.
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Read #❓how-to-get-help for further information on how to ask a good question, and about conduct in the question channels.

digital wraith
#

Can you guys help me with this question:

When a polynomial is divided by x-1 the remainder is 3. When the polynomial is divided by x+2 the remainder is -12. Find the remainder when the polynomial is divided by x^2+x-2

kind viper
digital wraith
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idk where to start

kind viper
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ok right

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When a polynomial is divided by x-1, the remainder is 3.

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call your polynomial P(x).
do you know how you could rephrase this sentence?

digital wraith
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no I didn't really listen when my teacher was going trhough a question similar to this

kind viper
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mmmmkay

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ok

digital wraith
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soz

kind viper
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do the words "remainder theorem" sound familiar?

digital wraith
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yeah

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i have some notes for it

kind viper
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ok can you state the remainder theorem

digital wraith
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its like a proof tho

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Suppose that P(x) is a polynomial and α is a constant. Prove that the remainder after dividing P(x) by (x-α) is P(α)

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P(x) = (x-α) Q(x) + R(x)

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P(α) = (α-α) Q(α) + k

kind viper
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well ok it would be good to distinguish a theorem and its proof

digital wraith
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ok

kind viper
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the remainder after dividing P(x) by (x-α) is P(α)
this is what you need

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you prove it once -- presumably, you already did in class one way or another -- and then you use it later.

digital wraith
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so do i use that to solve my question

kind viper
#

yes

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When a polynomial is divided by x-1, the remainder is 3.
use the remainder theorem to rephrase this

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as P(__) = __

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fill in the blanks

digital wraith
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do i jsut sub in x-1

kind viper
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i am extremely hesitant to instruct you to just "sub in" anything into anything.

digital wraith
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oh

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sorry im year 10 doing accelerated im a bit dum

kind viper
#

general theorem:

When P(x) is divided by (x-a), the remainder is P(a).
your question says:
When P(x) is divided by (x-1), the remainder is 3.

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fill in the blanks in P(__) = __

digital wraith
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P(1) =

kind viper
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you filled in one blank, now fill in the other.

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what number is P(1) equal to?

digital wraith
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3?

kind viper
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yes

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so P(1) = 3.

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good.

#

When the polynomial is divided by x+2 the remainder is -12.
now do the same here. rephrase this statement using the remainder theorem.

#

exact same logic as i just walked you through, only the numbers are different.

digital wraith
#

P(-2) = -12

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?

earnest wyvern
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hey did this type of questions in my preparation for additional mathematics

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wait i might help maybe

digital wraith
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so if P(1) = 3 and P(-2) = -12 how do i find p(x+2)(x-1)

earnest wyvern
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i m trying

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just give me 2 mins

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ill tell u

digital wraith
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ok thank you rajput

earnest wyvern
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actually very interesting question

kind viper
boreal nimbus
earnest wyvern
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yes

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i was gonna say that

kind viper
compact pewterBOT
# earnest wyvern ill tell u

As a helper, please do not give out answers that could be copied as a homework solution. Have the student work through the problem themselves and guide them along the way.

kind viper
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(preemptive)

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(but just as a reminder)

earnest wyvern
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uh.....

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i know the answer

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i have solved it

digital wraith
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idk what to do

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im still very confused

earnest wyvern
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can i tell u

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-36 is the remainder

digital wraith
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can u explain the

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theorem

earnest wyvern
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ok

digital wraith
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i dont get it

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like how to apply it

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so i can actually do other similar questions bc i dont understand how to do these questions

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but sketching polynomials is fine for me

kind viper
compact pewterBOT
# earnest wyvern -36 is the remainder

As a helper, please do not give out answers that could be copied as a homework solution. Have the student work through the problem themselves and guide them along the way.

kind viper
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@digital wraith ok so let's pick this back up shall we

digital wraith
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ok

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please

kind viper
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you know that P(1) = 3 and P(-2) = -12.

earnest wyvern
#

when p(1) = 3 and p(-2) = -12 and after factorization of x^2 +x -2

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i m writing sol

digital wraith
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i have to get my homework done sicne i have exam block to worry about

kind viper
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dont dump the entire solution at him

earnest wyvern
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ok sorry

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i didnt understood, my bad

kind viper
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the division-with-remainder of P(x) by (x^2 + x - 2) will look like this:

P(x) = (x^2 + x - 2)Q(x) + Ax + B

since x^2 + x - 2 is a polynomial of degree 2, any remainder on division by it will look like a linear or maybe constant polynomial

earnest wyvern
#

wont happen again

kind viper
digital wraith
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cuz it was the wroking

earnest wyvern
digital wraith
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for the example we did in class

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but then i dont understand the remainder on divison part (last part)

earnest wyvern
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do u see a connection

kind viper
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i am taking him through it step by step mate

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im not going to dump the whole thing at him

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i already asked you to back off

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i do not want to repeat myself here

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you're kind of interrupting and getting in my way and honestly i am a little frustrated at that

earnest wyvern
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(x-1) has remainder 3 and x+2 has remainder -12

boreal nimbus
kind viper
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<@&268886789983436800>

digital wraith
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the answers are at the back of my book and it says 5x-2

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im not gonna copy

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it cuz i wanna understand steps

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to do good in quiz

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its for tutoring

kind viper
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im trying to explain it but rajput is getting in the way here and it is hard for me to get a word in.

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ok

digital wraith
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ok

kind viper
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let me repeat my last phrase

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since x^2 + x - 2 is a polynomial of degree 2, any remainder on division by it will look like a linear or maybe constant polynomial

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do you understand this part

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like, the remainder of a polynomial division always has strictly lower degree than the divisor

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for a divisor whose degree is 2, this means remainder has degree 1 or 0

digital wraith
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oh yeah

earnest wyvern
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so (x-1)(x+2) will be remainder of first equation i.e 3 multiplied with remainder of second equation which is -12. 3 x (-12)

digital wraith
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i get it now

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for that part

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since something squared

digital wraith
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divided by like x-1 or smth will give

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soemthing to the power of 1

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👍

earnest wyvern
digital wraith
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i get it

kind viper
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divising by x-1 or x-a in general will give a constant (and you know precisely what constant)

digital wraith
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ye its 3 for when P(x) when divide by x-1

kind viper
# earnest wyvern how

x+10 divided by x gives remainder 10 and divided by x-1 gives remainder 11 but x+10 divided by x(x-1) does not give remainder 110.

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anyway

earnest wyvern
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no

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it doesnt

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i m not saying it gives 110

kind viper
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@earnest wyvern please take this argument to your own help channeol

digital wraith
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i just wanna learn

kind viper
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P(x) = (x^2 + x - 2)Q(x) + Ax + B
are we good on this

digital wraith
kind viper
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ok right

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now you know P(1)

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so put x=1 into this

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dont simplify yet

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ie leave P(1) as P(1) for the time being

earnest wyvern
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d4n atleast read my messages maybe you will understand.

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dont get pissed i m going