#geometry-and-trigonometry
1 messages · Page 175 of 1
ok so
it is right angle
altitude AD
wait, triangle would be 90 45 45
right?
Which one
urs
Which triangle lol
abc
Ya
k
Prove it first tho
I don't think yours is true @upper karma
cause I think that holds for any right-angled triangle
2 sides and 2 angles would be equal
D is midpoint of BC, right?
Yeah
yeah then it's true for any right-angled triangle
AD is always congruent to half the hypotenuse?
and in a isoscecles right triangle a=b and c=a(sqrt1)
In a 3,4,5 triangle it has length 12/5
sqrt2*
D is the circumcentre
its wrong
you might've been thinking of the altitude rather than the median
Uh I think so
And yeah mudkip
k
Is was literally going to reword it with the altitude xd
I*
should i just take this course
the whole geometry course on it might be a better idea
alright
i have a month tho..
If you want
what are the bare essentials
proofs and what else
Theorems
Also mudkip I wanted to introduce you to @edgy fog
that's it?
he’s really good at maths : ^)
Yeah
bro
that khan academy course on geometry
i cannot do that in a month
i am going to start with congruence
what
how are they not congruent
no side angles given?
they are similar, but they aren't necessarily congruent
the definition of congruence is that all corresponding sides and angles are equal
so it is wrong bc u don't know sides?
I think it's C.
Yes cubing
k gotcha
If one pair of corresponding sides match in length, then yes.
can you use a calculator in high school geo?
my case is
i am going into 8th grade
and i want to skip geometry
i would be taking it which is a ninth grade class
but i want to be 2 years ahead
so i am studying before i take my placements in a month
So you're in 7th grade, but you want to take geometry in 8th grade so that you won't have to learn it in 9th grade?
no i am doing it in the summer
doing geometry in summer so i don't have to do it in school
God... american school system is quite "free".
yes
i am already a year ahead in math
honestly the american curriculum sucks
especially the science
in middle school
Lol it depends @real mulch at what school and stuff whether you can skip
true
If I had been given the option I wouldn't have done any high school maths and would have spent 4 years doing independent study like I get to do this year
thats good
Since I could have skipped algebra and calc and geometry
Wtf
am i making a good choice if i study hard enough
Why would you want to skip that
Because it would have been better to be published by now ¯_(ツ)_/¯
Also plum I should teach you calx
*calc
Ye
wow
god damn
Probably in some theoretical CS Haskell shit
my god >.<
I just finished highschool this year. I was in a program where we wrote a 4000 word essay on a research topic of our choice. That was the closest I got to "publishing" haha
lol
EPQ?
o fair
Lol
(Fun fact: Haskell, well, that guy is a miracle... He had three names and all of them have been used to name programming languages.)
Yeah it's great
Makes sense though I mean
Lambda calc
Anyway
Plum you should dm me if you have any free time I can start teaching you calc
Oh cool
I have a lot of time tonight cus my aunt is letting me stay up to 2 am to watch the world cup
So I’m just going to do math instead : ^)
oh what’s your time rn btw
Wdym
Like ur time zone
Oh it's 9:35 here
Am?
Mm
Mm
It is probably AM.
Oh I see 
but yeah just message me and I should be available today
Okay nice
yo
would someone like to teach me some geometry
pm if u can give me a few quesitons
let me see if I can think of any off the top of my head
k
ty
Oh this is a nice one
In right angled triangle ABC with hypotenuse BC, a point D is chosen on BC such that AD is the altitude to BC. Prove that BD * CD = AD^2
so it has to be isosceles
AD is right down the middle of bd and cd
which means bd=cd
which means bd=ad and cd=ad
correct?
none of the triangles have to be isosceles
k
that ruins everything
._.
where do i start
my given is that ad creates 2 right angles
what
i have no idea where to start
have you drawn a diagram?
Now it's just applications of pythagorean theorem I believe
so ADBC=BACA
yes that's true
True, but you're looking for something that will give you AD^2
really?
yes
It's not isosceles
alright then
and even then I'm not sure I'd have to check
ok
So write down some more pythagorean identities
mmhmm
and thats all of them
Next step is an argument by similar triangles
huh?
or actually this might be enough
yeah it is
Okay write down all your equations for pythagorean
they are above
You know you can add equations right?
yeah ik
Add the equations in which AD^2 appears
have you added those equations?
and what's that equal to?
=BA^2+CA^2
2AD^2 + BD^2 + CD^2 = BC^2
wow
now what is BC = ?
AD?
lolwot how'd you get that
ewrwe rtl sewjws
don't guess, reason
look at BC on the diagram
k
Instead of just giving an answer, give a reason for it
Forces you to think about what you've said
ones with 2ad in it
which ones I'm not listing all the equations you've written lol
lol
BDsquared plus ADsquared equals BAsquared
and Cdsquared plus ADsqured equals CAsquals
if you add them
Nah
if you add them all
Look at what you just did
2AD^2 + BD^2 + CD^2 = BC^2
Is what happens when you add them
you then concluded that 2AD = BC
i give up i have no idea
Look at the diagram, it's astoundingly simple
The art of mathematics always lies in seeing what's right before your eyes
do i just need to memorize properties of triangles
Now substitute in the equation you have with 2AD^2
umm
Since BD + CD = BC
Now expand (BD + CD)^2
It's okay
Just justify the algebra to yourself
Don't symbol shuffle
that equals AD^2
How?
For one it's not true
So why did you say it
What reason do you have to believe it
wait no
Already went over this, don't give an answer without a reason
i thought it made sense but cancelling out gave 0
hypotenuse squared
What does ^2 tell you to do
square
ab^2
a^2 + b^2
Is this channel the closest this discord has to graph theory?
Work it out explicitly
a^2 = a * a right?
So (a + b)^2 = (a + b) * (a + b)
Now you can work out the right hand side by applying distributive property twice
Or FOIL if you know it
a^2 +b^2 + 2ab
correct
foil'ing killed me in algebra
(BD+CD)^2 = ?
...no
correct
now plug into your earlier equation
2AD^2 + BD^2 + CD^2 = BC^2
Correct way to learn FOIL BTW
so 2AD^2=0...........
which is wrong.....
2AD^2 + BD^2 + CD^2 = BC^2
You can't replace BD^2 + CD^2 with BC^2
so replace BC^2 with what it's equal to
How to expand (a+b)^n geometrically 
same method just in n-dimensional space
It was mainly the algebra
yeah i forgot everything in 2 weeks
which tbh indicates to me you don't have the algebra knowledge to go on to geometry
i took algebra in 7th grade
Well yeah but your teacher was shit
I would go back and do algebra again if I were you
i just wasn't thinking hard enough
everything was right infront of me
hm
but i still couldn't see it
Most of the mistakes I see from everyone in high school maths is algebra mistakes, no one teaches algebra right
When people can't understand in Calculus BC that partial fraction decomposition is just solving linear equations 😩
eh plum, our excursion into proving the FOTC where you could substitute G(a) = 0 into F(a) = G(a) + C
can i have another problem
@fallen ivy what do you think about my algebra/geometry/etc
does not give me hope
well it’s got a bit more magic to it @fallen ivy
<3 you plum
_<
It's not a weird recipe it's literally adding fractions
it’s not exactly intuitive to me
like if there’s a root with multiplicities
you need to for whatever reason add its powers
like if 1 is a double root then you’d have A/(x-1) + B/(x-1)², right?
I’ve solved such problems before but I don’t see the intuition there
partial fraction decomp is all algebra though
especially when you have no multiplicities
and somehow people in Calc BC struggle with that...
@upper karma but seriously how could you not substitute 0 into an equation
khan is hot garbage
I'm currently reading a basic algebra book and there's a part on partial fraction decomp
ayyyy
:D
alright xd
wolf every fucking time someone asks me that I say it sucks ass and then they’re always like But wheyyy??
and I’m like cus it does you fuming babon
hey now khan is occasionally useful to get an intuition for things
fukingI
it’s just like way too non-rigorous
yeah I use it sometimes too I’m just being overdramatic
but e.g. I found the videos on thermodynamics very helpful
(for the level I had to know it)
the problems are alright
khan doesn't give you the tools to go further in mathematics imo
(which was like… know what entropy is and understand the carnot cycle)
that is certainly true
it's a supplement
but as a supplement it’s p useful
I've never used the videos, just some of the problems on it
my main gripe with it is that the videos are too slow
is the geometry section on khan good
if i want to study before i take the calss
Khan Academy how to solve IMO problems part 1 xd
which I would say are alright, but they probably get repetetive pretty soon
Then again most teachers don't give you the tools to go further in mathematics
soooo
¯_(ツ)_/¯
Everyone go read Lockhart's Lament
that's also true
God-tier essay on the problems with mathematics education
every student and teacher should read it
and yes I might be able to
remember I'm not good at them usually :p
Ya but there’s one specifically that deals with function properties that I’m really interested in
Hey, does someone have a difficult geometry problem for me?
what sort of level?#
Find the 4th homotopy group of the real projective plane
??
i think he is talking about euclidean geometry @fallen ivy
jokes
dick memes
???
The 4th honotopy group of $$\mathbb{P}^2(\mathbb{R})$$ is $$\mathbb{Z}/4\mathbb{Z}$$.
Should be Z/2Z
@slate phoenix try stuff from https://bmos.ukmt.org.uk/home/bmolot.pdf
the geometry ones, and I mean I guess other ones if you want as well :^)
some will be a bit easier, some about the same, some harder
could i have a geometry quesiton not related to proofs?
@upper karma
what's 6*7 ?
Define the * operator first then we talk
lol
:3
could i have another geometric problem to prove
have you done circle theorems?
@upper karma
because if not, I'll give you the proofs of some of them to do
i haven't
ok
can u pm
ya sure
@upper karma for instance, see this picture https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Power_point_simple.svg and prove that (PT)^2 = PN * PM given that P is an outer point, PT is a tangent line and PNM is a secant line.
could i have a triangle related proof?
Prove the law of cosines?
Then prove that |a| * |b| * cos(A) = a1 * b1 + a2 * b2 (where a and b are vectors, |v| denotes the length, a1, a2, b1, b2 are the coordinates, and A is the angle between a and b).
Or see this picture ( https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Teorema.png ) and prove that f^2 = de, a^2 = cd and b^2 = ce.
@upper karma
i don't know trig yet
ohh
The right triangle thing stil stands.
And you could also prove Heron's formula.
@upper karma
whats that @real mulch
Or see this picture ( https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Teorema.png ) and prove that f^2 = de, a^2 = cd and b^2 = ce.
i need a simpler one :/
Do you know the Pythagorean theorem?
yes
Do you know how to expand (a+b)^2?
A^2 + B^2 +AB
ok
i have it
i think
F^2+D^2=A^2
F^2+E^2=B^2
2F^2+D^2+E^2= C^2
2F^2+D^2+E^2=D^2+E^2+2ED
2F^2=2ED
F^2=ED
Well done.
The other two? a^2 and b^2?
oh ok
A^2+B^2=C^2
F^2+D^2=A^2
2A^2+B^2=C^2+D^2+E^2
A^2+C^2=C^2+D^2+E^2
ummm
would E^2+D^2 be C^2
From what?
A^2=D^2+E^2 - that is not correct.
i meant f :/
I don't understand you, sorry.
Ahh, I see. Well, there's nothing wrong with it.
But maybe that's not the shortest path to the solution.
a^2-d^2
what
You've just proved what f^2 equals.
de
a^2 = d^2 + f^2 and f^2 = de, so you could substitute de for f^2.
so a^2= d^2 +de
yes
idk lol
So what can you do with a^2 = d^2 +de?
How can you manipulate the right-hand side to get c*e?
No.
how? idk how
What happens when you factor out d on the right-hand side?
And what is that equal to?
uhhhh
Just look at the picture.
So what do you get?
c=a^2
That's division by d, not factoring d out.
not the same thing?
Not quite.
then what would a^2 turn into
For one thing, division assumes that d != 0, factoring does not.
a^2 = d^2 + de
a^2 = d(d+e)
a^2 = dc [since d+e = c]
do you see it now?
yeah
ok
ill do b^2
e^2+f^2=b^2
a^2+b^2=c=2
a^2+2b^2=c^2+e^2+f^2
a^2+2b^2=c^2+b^2
a^2+b^2=c^2
b^2=c^2-a^2
correct so far?
Yes.
That is correct.
xd
But we still don't have what we want.
Just like with a^2, let's start with the equation b^2 = e^2 + f^2 and do the same thing (notice f^2 = de).
Yes, but substituting c^2 - a^2 for b^2 is unncessary.
You want to express b^2. Why would you get rid of it?
And d+e is?
c
SO?
Prove that in a parallelogram 2(a^2 + b^2) = e^2 + f^2 where a,b are the sides; and e,f are the diagonals. @upper karma
(aka parallelogram law)
where do i start?
Draw a parallelogram and name the sides, etc. Then find two right angle triangles and you're almost done.
Hint: try to express e^2 + f^2
k
You might want to draw some extra lines to make those triangles visible...
Hint: try to express e^2 + f^2
uhhhh
i don't understand
Try to express e^2 and f^2 using the Pythagorean theorem, and then add them.
oh Esquared plus Fsquared is either Asquared or Bsquared
uhm... not quite
really?
e^2 + f^2 is not a^2, neither b^2
I am sure, since the law you want to prove is 2(a^2 + b^2) = e^2 + f^2.
Then something must be wrong on your paper, because 2(a^2 + b^2) = e^2 + f^2 holds true for all parallelograms.
uhh
a and b are the sides
Using the Pythagorean theorem.
the only one i found was E^2+B^2=A^2
ok i will just use your thing lol
mine was different
Asquared Plus Bsquared=Esquared
abe is not a right triangle
what are u trying to prove?
umm idk
yes they are congruent
ok that just made me solve it
wait, they aren't congruent
i don't think
otherwise that wouldn't be a law
if they were congruent it would be way to easy
Well, it's basically congruent, u have a rhombas
E and f are diagonals
Making e and f congruent
really?
Yes
in a square
I took geometry already
I said i^2+h^2=b^2 twice and f^2 and e^2 = a^2 twice
U can also make I and h, e and f
It's a easy proof
I can make a flowchart for clearer results
But I really don't want to xd
.
It's useful
When u get to real analysis and higher
And when ur dealing with proofs
Our friend is probably not looking to a math bachelors.
@upper karma Are you preparing for a competition for skipping geometry ?
skip
?
i want to skip it
Geometry is very important in mathematical competitions
that is why i am studying in summer
What if u forget it
You can take WOOT
i wont forget
i am not like that
Yeah, you stay good at this stuff by exercising it though.
It's not a memory thing.
ye
Use it or lose it, baby.
so what do i need to learn for proofs
properties of shapes?
What are you preparing for ?
postulate no. 5
NVM

My geometry teacher also taught precalc and stats
He kept asking me calc questions
I kept getting them right

e and f are not congruent
Well diagonals of a rhombas are perpendicular
things I should probably try to remember: the volume of a sphere has the prefactor 4/3, not the surface
that one’s just got 4
Now prove why 
I mean I could do the integrals but like eh
I just did a whole physics exercise wrong cause I constantly wrote A(r) = 4/3 π r²
instead of 4πr²
:-(
@past mantle it is a parallelogram
Most (not all) of the postulates in Euclid's Elements, as far as I know, are just "common sense".
It's also known as Euclidean geometry
shit haven't learned topology, um what are good textbooks that yall rec
@edgy fog Munkres topology
@alpine latch dont forget its 4/3pi r cubed 👀
Oh then 4pi r squared rt
yes I was saying that
I just did a whole physics exercise wrong cause I constantly wrote A(r) = 4/3 π r²
no
Go to general chats to chat
I've solved this by messing with arcs, but is there a simple, more elegant way to prove this?
DAE is one line? @slate phoenix
yes.
What’s R
Radius maybe?
Why is the line DE purposely drawn off center
Assuming O isn’t just some useless point and is the center of the circle
O is the center, R is the radius.
Not necessarily.
Create a line AE
It is basically the same length of the sides of the triangle formed
AE is already drawn.
@past mantle you mean BE=AB?
That is not true...
although AE does come out to be equal to BE, and the arc BE is sixth of the whole circle.
Because AE is the radius.
It's true that BE=AB
It is not.
The two red lines are clearly not equal.
(the letters are not correct, but I hope you can see it)
I used the circles to determine the points.
They have nothing to do with anything else.
...
Look at the given
It works for both sides...
Making CD=BE, thus making DA=AE
But CD != DE.
It would be equal if A=O.
That's not how it went
That figure meets all the criteria given.
Look, let me make a proof that satifys
Good luck, because that figure meets all the criteria given.
By the way, @zenith ember, what did you use? Geogebra?
Yes
But AB != BE.
So if Samantha’s diagram is correct, how can you prove that AE=R?
AE is in fact equal to R, but AB is not equal to BE.
Did anyone look at the proper diagram
D, C, B, E are all on the circle centered at O
Oh actually nvm my question
So see my reasoning?
Not at all.

I think you're assuming something, then using that assumption to prove that the assumption is correct.
aka Circular logic.
Your third step needs some reasoning. Given that AB = CD, why does that imply that BE = AB?
You also seem to be assuming that A is the center of the circle. It is not.
Well, it is not -necessarily- the center.
Given the coordinates of B and C and the radius for a sphere, how might I find A in a programmatic step-by-stem manner? (No angles given)
well the line to A is the perpendicular bisector of BC
yes, and that is easy to calculate
what about the distance between the intersection and the sphere's surface
You want the intersection of the bisector and the sphere.
I mean, you can calculate the midpoint quite easily
as said
and A is easy to calculate from that
for context, I'm subdividing an icosahedron, breaking each triangle into four
how would you do that, exactly (probably missing something obvious)
wait, are you given the coordinates of the centre of the sphere :^)
If you have the midpoint, you can just scale the vector.
ok lets see if I got this right
midpoint = ( 0.5 * (x2 + x1), 0.5 * (y2 + y1), 0.5 * (z2 + z1))
then distance btwn midpoint coords and center multiplied by what?
R / current_length
oh duh ok 😉
thank you !!!
now lets hope C# can handle it or else it'll be early port to C++
Why couldn't it?
heh @real mulch I tried the midpoint already and it ended up with several zeros and the mesh was completely messed up
Here it is with the basic icosahedron
Gotta reconfigure the code for rendering, been a while
Yeah...
@real mulch C# has its limitations
thanks for the startup logo
My problem is still relevant..
I don't see a more elegant solution than the one you came up with.
hi guys, dumb question but Im confused. I have theorem that the set of homotopy classes of maps from I=[0,1] to path connected space Y has one element. why is fundamental group pi_{0}(Y, x0) not trivial then???
Can you show me that theorem in more detail please?
its exercise actually https://i.imgur.com/jkP1wKI.png
yeah apple apple square youre probably right, in fundamental group we need to preserve endpoints
thankz man
👌
apple apple square
trigonometry
^^ Find the appropriate trig function that deals with a known angle value and the opposite side of it
is your third angle
@austere stratus why would they want that angle?
🤔
or one of those lmao
with three angles and 1 side
This is AAS plug whats known into law of sines and solve
I imagine they're far more likely to know/be learning the standard right angle trig functions than the sine rule
Especially since there's not much point using sine rule on a right angled triangle
right
i really need help with proofs
and indirect proofs
if somebody would please help me, pm me
@upper karma Were you helped privately?
Excellent.
more help would be appreicated though
No worries, I took them as excitement about success in math: the best kind
With what may I be of assistance?
i usually feel like i am not given enough information to prove something
what could help with that
i think just practice with proofs
certainly that can help.
General number sense, pattern matching skills, and an intuitive grasp of standard techniques like induction, contradiction, pigeon hole ...etc. also helpful might be a collection of definitions. Always go back to the definition.
Most of that comes from exposure and practice. The rest is in the definitions. Did I mention definitions, yet?
How I tend to prove something: Check for common patterns that I've seen a million times (like induction), and then before doing anything else, expand everything out into the definitions to see if more patterns appear. Play with small subsets of the general idea to look for patterns. Apply results of pattern hunting to great success.
Is this helpful? @upper karma
uh
i think he's talking about geometry proofs, like proving properties of a triangle, not really like full-fledged algebraic proofs
Oh
That changes things. Still: definitions
Theorem lists
More definitions, and patterns
Where possible, break the problem into smaller problems
ok
Prove that the reciprocals of the altitudes of an arbitrary triangle can form a triangle themselves (i.e. 1/h_a < 1/h_b + 1/h_c, where h_k denotes an altitude)
<@&286206848099549185>
Ah, I think I have it
let me reword it
