#zachs3667
warm ember
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You have two questions there: Gender of borrowed words and gender of adjectives. I’ll answer the second one first because it’s easier.
It depends on what noun or structure you use. If it’s a general statement like ‘it’s shocking’, you’d use the masculine since « c’est » here is neutral and the masculine is also the neutral: « c’est choquant ».
If you have a noun then the adjective agrees with that noun. If you’re talking about road traffic, « embouteillage », you’ll use the masculine since this noun is masculine: « L’embouteillage à la rue Vincent était très choquant ! »
Conversely, if you have a noun like « collision », a feminine noun, you’ll use the feminine adjective.
« La collision entre deux voitures à la rue Vincent était très choquante ! »
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The first question is a bit complicated. For simple words (i.e. not acronyms) you have two choices:
(1) You take the gender of the original language
This is the case with « pizza, coton » that came from Italian and Arabic, respectively. The word « pizza » is feminine in Italian and « coton » is masculine in Arabic, so they're feminine and masculine respectively in French as well. For languages that don't have gender (like English) or whose gender system doesn't align with French's masculine/feminine, the word either defaults to the masculine or uses the second choice:
(2) The language assigns a gender based off of a certain pattern/feel
This is the most common option, and has two main avenues.
(2a) You use the gender of a common category
This is the example of something like brands like « Citroën, Chrysler, Honda ». They're all car manufacturers, and since cars are feminine (une voiture), they're all feminine as well: Une Citroën, une Chrysler, une Honda.
(2b) You determine gender based off of sound patterns
Certain sound patterns lend itself to certain genders. For example, a pronounced S ending (–se) tends to be feminine: take « danse, impudence, puissance, dépense, croyance ». Thus, when French absorbed German walzer as « valse », it assigns the feminine in spite of the fact that the original German word is masculine.
For compound words, there you usually determine gender based on its key word. For example, the American federal law enforcement agency, the FBI, is rendered as masculine in French because its key word is masculine: 'Federal Bureau of Investigation – Bureau fédéral d'investigation'. The American spy agency CIA is feminine because its key word is feminine: 'Central Intelligence Agency – Agence centrale de renseignements'
Now, this is a fairly organic process that is determined wholly by native speakers; language regulatory bodies like the Académie française or OQLF tend to follow native usage. However, because of that, you can have differences between regions. For example, the word « job », a borrowing from English job is masculine in Europe – because it's a word that has no original gender so it defaults to the masculine – but feminine in Canada because of associations with « tâche, occupation » IIRC
There's also the issue of syllabic abbreviations. Abbreviations are compound borrowings that also form their own word. Take, for example, the word « Covid ». It's an abbreviation of « Coronavirus Disease ». In France, you have « covid » gendered as masculine because « covid » is understood as a word in and of itself; it takes the first option of gendering borrowings: no original gender, so default to masculine. In Canada, however, « covid » is understood as an abbreviation so it uses the gender of its key element: 'Coronavirus Disease – Maladie du coronavirus' so it's feminine there.
Again, because these are organic processes, you can have differing opinions from differing people. I've delineated three methods of gendering new words but there's a lot of grey area in-between. It's possible that a word is chosen according to one of the three methods but then native speakers organically and/or purposefully changed its gender due to other factors. An example would be « période ». French borrowed that from Latin periodus, a masculine noun, and it stayed masculine for a while. However, due to the influence of the Greek (which has it feminine), it slowly became feminine. Do note that this is a very slow process; we're talking centuries here.
obsidian torrent
Chatgpt is a proper noun it doesn't use articles
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and that
I was so focused on loanwords that I forgot to realise that the noun in question was a proper one
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Je pense que pour les noms propres, le genre suivra le nom qui s'utilise avec
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Sur Wiki c'est masculin en raison de « agent conversationnel »
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ChatGPT est un agent conversationnel (chatbot) développé par OpenAI. Il utilise des grands modèles de langage appelés transformeurs génératifs préentraînés (Generative Pretrained Transformers en anglais, ou GPT), comme GPT-4o ou o3, pour générer du texte.
ChatGPT est capable de répondre à des questions, de tenir des conversations, de générer du code informatique, et d'écrire, traduire ou encore synthétiser des textes. Il peut le faire en tenant compte du contexte et de contraintes telles que le style d'écriture. Les abonnements payants (ChatGPT « Plus », « Team » et « Enterprise ») offrent un seuil d'utilisation plus élevé, ainsi que des fonctionnalités supplémentaires.