in what situations do you put the adjective after the noun?

[hot kayak]

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in what situations do you put the adjective after the noun?

[tepid bay]

The default position is post-nominal (after the noun). Most French verbs will come after the noun.

BANGS verbs usually come before. Beauty, Age, Number, Goodness, and Size. Un bel homme, un mauvais chat, une vieille maison, un jeune arbre, six voitures, un bon gars et une petite fille. Note that if the adjective comes before the noun, the plural indefinite article is "de," not "des."

Some adjectives can come on either side of the noun, but this impacts the meaning. For example, "le seul homme" means "the only man," whereas "l'homme seul" means "the lonely man." There aren't many of these. You can look up such a list on Lawless French, a language learning blog: https://www.lawlessfrench.com/grammar/movable-adjectives/.

Finally, sometimes you can bring an adjective to the front for stylistic reasons, but I can't think of any examples right now.

Ce sont de beaux chats.
Ce sont des chats méchants.

BANGS adjectives are particularly common, so it'd be best to practice with them first.

[ebon nimbus]

Merci beaucoup

[tepid bay]

For age, "nouveau" counts, too.

[woeful wave]

this