in _ready(), change this :
button.connect("pressed", Callable(self, "_on_button_pressed"))
to this (the 'bind' part is optional but needed for our situation)
button.pressed.connect(_on_button_pressed.bind(button))
then change _on_button_pressed like this :
func _on_button_pressed(button):
from there, you have access to your button 🙂 You likely also won't need to check if it's a button, too.