empty ridge
It doesn't look like sudo is the problem - it looks like pacman -Syyu wants an initful container (one with systemd), which you can create using distrobox create:
--init/-I: use init system (like systemd) inside the container.
the su command doesn't take your password, it takes the password of the superuser. if you want that to work in future, you could use sudo passwd root to reset it, or sudo su to avoid a password entirely
empty ridge
sorry for the screenshots
i can't reproduce this, it works fine
maybe it's an issue with the ujust? could you try creating it directly with distrobox create instead? you may have to modify your container policy
empty ridge
your kernel arguments won't be causing this issue
if you want to fix that, you can try ujust set-kargs-hardening
the thunderbolt module and insecure wheel configuration also aren't the cause
you've tried
$ distrobox create --name arch --image ghcr.io/ublue-os/arch-distrobox --init
?
scenic junco